云南三种同域分布的棘蛙（蛙科Ranidae：无尾目Anura）的核型和银带研究

本文比较分析了云南景东地区三种同域分布棘蛙的核型和Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ。花棘蛙２ｎ＝２６（１６Ｍ＋ １０ＳＭ）,ＮＦ＝５２,次缢痕和Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ位于１ｐｉｎｔｅｒ,Ｎｏｓ．２－４,８,９等为ＳＭ。棘肛蛙２ｎ＝４０（１６Ｍ＋ ２０ＳＭ＋２ＳＴ＋２Ｔ）,ＮＦ＝７８,Ｎｏｓ．５－９,１１－１３,１５,１７等１０对为ＳＭ,Ｎｏ．３为ＳＴ,Ｎｏ．１８为Ｔ,其余 均为Ｍ,Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ位于１１Ｐ。二种的Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ都有异形现象。双团棘胸蛙２ｎ＝６４Ｔ,次缢痕和Ａｇ－ ＮＯＲＳ在４ｑｐｅｒ。都未发现异形性染色体。最后,对棘蛙属的核型演化机制和物种形成方式作了讨论。     

福建九龙棘蛙和小棘蛙的核型和Ag—NORs研究

福建两种棘蛙的核型和Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ观察结果如下：九龙棘蛙，２ｎ＝２６（２２Ｍ＋４ＳＭ），ＮＦ＝５２，５＋８模式，Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ位于６ｐｉｎｔｅｒ，小棘蛙，２ｎ＝２６（２０Ｍ＋６ＳＭ），ＮＦ＝５２，５＋８模式，次缢痕和Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ在６ｐｉｎｔｅｒ。二者均未发现与性别分化相关的异形染色体。根据已知棘蛙属内的核型资料，对该属种间和居群间的核型演化机制进行了讨论。     

赤链华游蛇的染色体组型与银带带型研究

该文研究赤链华游蛇的染色体组型与ＮＯＲｓ,结果：２ｎ＝４４（２Ｍ＋２ＳＭ＋２ＳＴ＋１０Ｔ＋２６ｍ＋ＺＷ）,ＮＦ＝５２。Ｎｏ．２染色体有一对随体,Ｎｏ．５为异型性染色体（ＺＷ型）;ＮＯＲｓ位于Ｎｏ．２的次缢痕区。未见其融合或扩增现象。     

三种龟类动物的细胞遗传研究

本文以外周血淋巴细胞为材料,首次报道马来闭壳龟和地龟的核型,Ｇ带,Ｃ带和Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ,以及平胸龟的Ｇ带和Ｃ带,发现平胸龟的核型与前人报道的有差异。研究结果表明：平胸龟２ｎ＝５４（１４Ｍ＋４ＳＴ＋８Ｔ＋２８ｍ）,Ｎ．Ｆ．＝７２,７＋６＋１４。Ａ组Ｎｏ．６ｑ ｐｅｒ有一次缢痕。Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ位于Ａ组的Ｎｏ．７ ｑ ｔｅｒ。其全部染色体的着丝粒区均显示阳性Ｃ带,并且Ａ组的Ｎｏ．７整条异染色质化;马来闭     

玉斑锦蛇的染色体组型与Ag—NORs

本文研究的玉斑锦蛇２ｎ＝３８（６Ｍ＋２ＳＭ＋２ＳＴ＋４Ｔ＋２２ｍ＋ＺＷ）,ＮＦ＝５０,Ｎｏ,４为性染色体。ＮＯＲｓ位于Ｎｏ．２长臂末端区,呈现异态。     

云南景东地区四川湍蛙的核型,C—带和Ag—NORs的研究

本文报道了云南景东四川湍蛙的核型：２ｎ＝２６（２０Ｍ＋６ｓＭ），ＮＦ＝５２，５＋８模式，次缢痕以及Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ均位于６ｐｉｎｔｅｒ，Ｃ－带阳性分布于全部染色体的着丝点区域和８ｑｉｎｔｅｒ，但６ｐｉｎｔｅｒ１２ｐｔｅｒ和１３ｑｔｅｒ等处间或也显示Ｃ－带正染。没有发现与性别相关的异形染色体。与采自四川宝兴地区的居群作了比较，并讨论了细胞地理学问题。     

青藏高原毛茛科3种特有植物核型和进化研究

对青藏高原高山冰缘地区毛茛科３种特有植物的核型进行了分析。它们的核型公式（Ｋ）、染色体相对长度组成（Ｃ．Ｒ．Ｌ．）和核型不对称系数（Ａｓ．Ｋ％）分别为：青藏金莲花Ｔｒｏｌｉｕｓｐｕｍｉｌｕｓｖａｒ．ｔａｎｇｕｔｉｃｕｓ：Ｋ（２ｎ）＝６ｍ＋８ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋２ｓｔ,Ｃ．Ｒ．Ｌ．＝４Ｌ＋４Ｍ２＋４Ｍ１＋４Ｓ,Ａｓ．Ｋ％＝６３．５７,核型属２Ｂ型;甘青乌头Ａｃｏｎｉｔｕｍｔａｎｇｕｔｉｃｕｍ为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝６ｍ＋１０ｓｍ,Ｃ．Ｒ．Ｌ．＝４Ｌ＋８Ｍ１＋４Ｓ,Ａｓ．Ｋ％＝６２．５４,２Ｂ型;单花翠雀花Ｄｅｌｐｈｉｎｉｕｍｃａｎｄｅｌａｂｒｕｍｖａｒ．ｍｏｎａｎｔｈｕｍ为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝６ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ,Ｃ．Ｒ．Ｌ．＝４Ｌ＋４Ｍ２＋４Ｍ１＋６Ｓ,Ａｓ．Ｋ％＝６４．３４,属３Ｂ型。经同相关近缘种核型资料比较,青藏金莲花核型不对称性和进化程度比金莲花Ｔ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ低;甘青乌头的核型不对称性和进化程度在其近缘类群（乌头组Ｓｅｃｔ．Ａｃｏｎｉｔｕｍ）已报道的种之内最低;单花翠雀花核型不对称性和进化水平比翠雀组（Ｓｅｃｔ．Ｄｅｌｐｈｉｎａｓｔｒｕｍ）已报道的展毛翠雀花Ｄ．ｋａｍａｏｅｎｓｅｖａｒ．ｇｌａｂｒｅｓｃｅｎｓ、     

中国水龟类的核型与银带带型研究

以血培养细胞为材料,研究了三种水龟的核型与ＮＯＲｓ,结果表明,染色体数均为２ｎ＝５２,核型模式９＋５＋１２,属龟科核型中的原始类型,但眼斑水龟ＮＦ＝７６,而四眼斑水龟和黄喉拟水龟的ＮＦ＝７８。从核型结构看,眼斑水龟与四眼斑水龟相似,而黄喉拟水龟则有较大差别,作者还发现黄喉拟水龟核型的一些重要特征,即其Ａ组Ｎｏ．３和Ｎｏ．６染色体有次缢痕,Ｎ．别,作者还发现黄喉拟水龟核型的一些重要特征,即Ａ组这些是     

云南8种树蛙的染色体组型比较研究

本文报道了云南８种树桂的染色体组型,并对目前所已知的树蛙种类的染色体组型进行了比较。锯腿小树蛙Ｐｈｉｌａｕｔｕｓｃａｖｉｒｏｓｔｒｉｓ（Ｇｕｅｎｔｈｅｒ）的２ｎ＝２６,５对大染色体和８对小染色体,９Ｍ＋４ＳＭ,ＮＦ＝５２,Ｎｏ．７长臂近着丝粒处和Ｎｏ．８短臂端部备有一个次缢痕;白颊小树蛙Ｐｈｉ．ｐａｌｐｅｂｒａｌｉｓＳｍｉｔｈ的２ｎ＝２６,５对人染色体和８对小染色体,８Ｍ＋５ＳＭ,ＮＦ＝５２,Ｎｏ．６短臂近着丝粒处有一个次缢痕。白颌大树蛙Ｒｈａ．ｍａｘｉｍｕｓＧｕｅｎｔｈｅｒ的２ｎ＝２６,５对大染色体和８对小染色体,９Ｍ＋４ＳＭ,ＮＦ＝５２;棕褶树蛙Ｒｈａ．ｆｅａｅＢｏｕｌｅｎｇｅｒ的２ｎ＝２６,５对大染色体和８对小染色体,９Ｍ＋４ＳＭ,ＮＦ＝５２;黑蹼树蛙Ｒｈａ．ｒｅｉｎｗａｒｄｔｉｉ（Ｂｏｉｅ）的２ｎ＝２６,５对大染色体和８对小染色体,９Ｍ＋４ＳＭ,ＮＦ＝５２,Ｍｏ．１短臂近着丝粒处有一个次缢痕;红蹼树蛙Ｒｈａ．ｒｈｏｄｏｐｕｓＬｉｕｅｔＨｕ的２ｎ＝２６,５对大染色体,１对中染色体和７对小染色体,９Ｍ＋４ＳＭ,ＮＦ＝５２;斑腿泛树蛙Ｐｏｌｙｐｅｄａｔｅｓｍｅｇａｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓ的２ｎ＝２６,５对大染色体     

四种无尾两栖动物的核型和银染

本文报道了二种角蟾和二种树蛙的核型和银染ＮＯＲ：无量出角蟾：２ｎ＝２６（２４＋２ＳＭ），５＋８，ＳＣ和Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ位于６ｑ＾ｐｅｒ沙坪角蟾：２ｎ＝２６（１６Ｍ＋８ＳＭ＋２ＳＴ），５＋８，ＳＣ位于１ｑ＾ｐｅｒ，但Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ有二对，分别是ｌｑ＾ｐｅｒ和２ｑ＾ｐｅｒ；黑蹼树蛙：２ｎ＝２６（２４Ｍ＋２ＳＭ），５＋８，ＳＣ和Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ在ｌｐ＾ｉｎｔｅｒ；背条跳树蛙；２ｎ＝１６（１２Ｍ＋４ＳＭ），Ｓ     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.     

（鱼句）亚科花（鱼骨）型鱼类骨骼系统的比较

对我国花型Hemibarbuspattern鱼类作了骨骼系统比较,结果表明,此类型鱼类脑颅较长,副蝶骨平直或稍弯曲,眶蝶骨腹纵嵴发达(铜鱼Coreius septentrionalis例外),下颞窝和咽突中等大,基枕骨后突发达;脑颅中的上筛骨的后突、侧筛骨的外筛突,蝶耳骨的外突、上耳骨的后突、围眶骨和后颞窝等均有明显的差异;咽颅中的舌颌骨、尾舌骨、鳃盖骨和下咽齿的列数等又有显著的区别;附肢骨骼中的腰带骨、脊椎骨中的复合神经骨和第4椎骨腹侧的悬器等也有不同之处。据此,这些差异和区别可作为属间或种间的分类依据。