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1.
调查分析湖南省南岳衡山藤本植物资源的特性与现状。该区野生藤本植物资源丰富,共有59科129属282种,大多具有重要的观赏与经济价值,主要有药用、食用、饲用、纤维、观赏等几大类;探讨了藤本植物在立体绿化中的应用方式与类型,并对今后开发利用野生藤本植物资源提出建议。  相似文献   

2.
基于景观格局的海岛开发潜在生态风险评价   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
王常颖    张杰    辛红梅  付军 《生态学报》2008,28(6):2811-2811~2817
海岛生态系统是一种相对独立的生态系统,与岛外的信息交流比较少,甚至是没有,一旦对海岛造成损害是很难恢复的,因此,对海岛进行风险评价是海岛保护和管理的重要依据.海岛风险评价通常有两个方面,海岛自然灾害风险评价和海岛开发利用风险评价.针对海岛开发利用风险评价,应用遥感手段分析了海岛景观格局与海岛开发利用风险程度的关系,定义了海岛开发利用威胁指数和强度指数,建立了基于景观格局的海岛开发利用风险评价模型.然后,以2005年4月5日获取的5m分辨率的SPOT遥感影像为数据源,将提出的模型应用到渤海海域庙岛群岛中的大黑山岛、小黑山岛、北长山岛、南长山岛和庙岛进行评价,由现场调查情况分析可知评价结果是合理的.与传统的风险评价模型相比,本模型的优势在于应用遥感影像作为数据源,大大降低了对实地调查数据的需求.  相似文献   

3.
藤本植物进行垂直绿化是拓展城市绿化空间、提高绿化覆盖率、改善生态环境的重要途径。随着城市园林绿化面积愈来愈小,利用藤本植物营造园林绿化景观已成为当下热点。本文主要对鄂尔多斯地区藤本植物资源、园林绿化应用方式及具开发价值的藤本植物资源进行了初步探讨,旨在对藤本植物园林应用提供理论参考依据。  相似文献   

4.
 木质藤本植物是森林, 尤其是热带和亚热带森林中的重要组分。由于野外调查的困难, 对其生态学的研究相对较少。对哀牢山原生山地湿性常绿阔叶林和4类次生林中的藤本植物进行了调查, 利用48株藤本植物样木实测数据, 采用样本回归分析法, 选取藤本植物的不同参数作为自变量, 分别对冠层和林下两类藤本混合种生物量模型进行了拟合比较, 结合样地内长度≥50 cm的所有藤本植物的调查资料估算了各森林群落藤本植物地上部分生物量, 探讨了原生林中藤本植物地上部分生物量的组成与分布特征, 以及人为干扰对藤本植物地上部分生物量的影响。结果表明: 1)以藤本基径为自变量建立幂函数回归模型, 其相关系数较高, 具有较高的实用价值; 2)该区山地湿性常绿阔叶林中藤本植物地上部分生物量为9.82×103 kg·hm–2, 其中冠层藤本(基径≥1.0 cm, 长度≥5.0 m)生物量占藤本植物总生物量的99.70%, 林下藤本(基径<1.0 cm, 长度<5.0 m)的地上部分生物量很低; 3)人为干扰后林下藤本植物的生物量相对增加, 而冠层藤本植物的地上部分生物量显著减少; 经过约100年恢复演替的老龄栎类萌生林藤本植物地上部分生物量才达到接近原生林的水平。  相似文献   

5.
广西园林藤本植物的筛选研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
该文报道了广西藤本植物资源概况与园林藤本植物筛选研究成果,简要介绍了广西藤本植物的种质资源及资源藤本植物利用现状,经过引种和调查选择,收集观赏藤本植物62种,通过配置应用试验和决选评价,决选出适合于城市园林建设的10个花卉品种,21个垂直绿化品种,3个地被植物品种。  相似文献   

6.
作物冠层光分布及光合作用模型,是作物栽培学、作物育种学研究的共同基础,对优化设计和评价作物株型、模拟作物生长发育与对环境变化的响应研究都有十分重要的价值.本文根据水稻群体冠层结构的特点,在虚拟切层法的基础上,建立了水稻群体冠层光分布及光合速率模型,模型包括冠层形态子模型、冠层光分布子模型和冠层光合速率子模型等.利用本模型,对设定的15625种水稻株型的光合速率进行了模拟计算,获得水稻最佳株型模型.结果表明,水稻群体光合速率与叶片数、叶含氮量、叶长、叶宽和叶倾角等5因素密切相关;最佳株型的上述5因素在冠层上部取值大,向下逐渐变小.  相似文献   

7.
海南万宁青皮林群落多样性特征研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
根据样方调查,对海南万宁青皮林群落的种类组成、外貌、结构特征和物种多样性进行分析。结果表明:(1)海南万宁青皮林自然保护区有维管植物137种,隶属于62科110属,其中热带性分布种达95.5%,群落属于热带雨林植被类型中的海岸单优青皮群落。(2)群落的优势种为青皮,外貌常绿,生活型以小高位芽为主(占35.04%),青皮种群表现为增长趋势。(3)群落的物种丰富度Magarlef指数为34.30,Shannon-Wienner指数为2.31,Simpson指数为0.99,均匀度Pielou指数为1.08。(4)群落各层次的丰富度表现为乔木层>灌木层>藤本植物>草本层,Simpson指数表现为灌木层>草本层>藤本植物>乔木层,Shannon-Wienner指数表现为灌木层>藤本植物>草本层>乔木层,均匀度表现为草本层>灌木层>藤本植物>乔木层,表明乔木层的物种丰富度最高,但分布最不均匀,优势种的优势地位突出。  相似文献   

8.
藤本植物适应生态学研究进展及存在问题   总被引:25,自引:1,他引:24  
1 藤本植物的重要性  藤本植物又称攀缘植物 ,是一类不能自由直立、通过主茎缠绕或攀缘器官攀缘它物升高的植物的总称 ,包括木质藤本和草质藤本两类。藤本植物是热带、亚热带森林重要的外貌和结构特征 ,常把森林冠层打结在一起形成特殊的层片结构[1~4] 。在南美热带森林中 ,在胸径大于 1 5~2 0cm的树木中有近一半的树冠上攀有藤本[5~ 7] ,森林下层植物中有 1 8%~ 2 2 %是藤本植物的幼藤[6] 。泰国[8] 和Gabon[9] 的热带森林的凋落物中藤本植物的叶占 32 %~ 36%。藤本植物也是热带森林种类多样性的重要组成部分。Gentry…  相似文献   

9.
湖南云山野生木质藤本植物资源及多样性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为深入研究湘西南野生藤本植物资源现状及其多样性特征,对湖南云山野生木质藤本植物资源生态特征进行了系统研究。结果表明:(1)湖南云山共有野生木质藤本植物39科101属308种,分别占该区种子植物科、属和种的19.21%、9.32%和20.29%,其中裸子植物1科1属1种,被子植物38科100属307种,蕨类植物缺乏。(2)在生活型上,该区以高位芽藤本植物为主导,占总种数的93.51%,地下芽、地面芽和地上芽藤本植物较少,分别占总种数的4.87%、0.97%和0.65%。(3)在攀援方式上,缠绕藤本具有优势,占总种数的42.86%,搭靠类、卷曲类和吸固类较少,分别占总种数的34.01%、13.62%和9.42%。(4)该区地理成分复杂多样,属级和种级地理成分各有11个分布型,均以热带成分为主,温带成分占有较大比例,说明该区热带成分向温带渗透和过渡的性质。研究认为,湖南云山野生木质藤本植物的生态功能效应明显,用途广泛,具有重要的药用、经济和社会价值,综合效益明显,开发利用潜力巨大。  相似文献   

10.
买麻藤科植物研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
买麻藤科植物是裸子植物中唯一的藤本植物,具有重要的理论研究和应用开发价值.全世界仅1属约40种,中国发现9种,分布于亚洲、非洲和南美洲的热带和亚热带地区;在理论研究方面,该科系统进化位置特殊,形态结构、化学成分和分子水平上的研究存在很大争议,仍没有解决其在裸子植物与被子植物间所处的进化位置;在应用研究方面,该科既是传统中药又富含芪类、生物碱和黄酮等活性成分,而且果实和叶片可食用;然而,在引种、驯化及培育方面研究薄弱,阻碍了该科资源的开发和利用.本文从资源分布、理论与应用研究以及开发利用等方面综述了买麻藤科植物研究进展,将为今后国内深入开展该科植物的相关研究奠定基础.  相似文献   

11.
广西紫金牛属野生观赏植物的综合评价   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
利用层次分析法,综合观赏价值、资源开发潜力、生物学特性三大约束因素共14个指标,对分布于广西的29种紫金牛属野生观赏植物进行综合评价。结果表明:按照开发利用价值的高低,可将29个种(变种)根据轻重缓急划分为4个等级,其中:Ⅰ级:开发利用价值高的种类,5个;Ⅱ级:开发利用价值较高的种类,9个;Ⅲ级:开发利用价值一般的种类,9个;Ⅳ级:开发利用价值较低的种类,6个。研究结果将为科学、合理地开发利用广西紫金牛属野生观赏植物资源提供决策依据。  相似文献   

12.
中国野生杜鹃资源开发利用探讨   总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19  
汪源  鞠波 《生物学杂志》2006,23(1):43-44
介绍中国野生杜鹃资源的基本特征、种类及其分布,观赏特性及开发利用价值,从而提出中国野生杜鹃资源开发利用的建议。  相似文献   

13.
陇东子午岭林区野生有毒植物资源调查   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
经过三年的调查研究,首次报道了子午岭野生有毒维管植物66科127属170种.其中乔木10科 16属19种;灌木11科14属16种;木质藤本4科5属5种;多年生草本32科63属85种;一、二年生草本22科33属37科;草质藤本7科8属8种.并介绍了子午岭林区野生有毒植物的开发利用与保护建议.  相似文献   

14.
Questions: Is the occurrence of vine species in neotropical rain forests primarily determined by properties of the forest (environmental factors), by properties of the trees (tree species or tree size) or are vines randomly distributed? Location: Maya Biosphere Reserve, Guatemala. Methods: In five 1‐ha plots that span variation from unlogged forest to forest impacted by recurrent human disturbance we recorded the presence of all climbing vine species on every tree. The presence of all free standing vine species and 11 environmental variables were recorded in 100‐m2 subplots. The relationship of host tree diameter and host tree identity on single tree vine species richness was investigated by GLM modelling. Partial redundancy analyses were used to partition the variation in vine species composition on two sources: environmental factors and tree species identity. Results: Single tree vine richness increased with increasing host tree DBH and differed significantly among host species. For climbing vines, the ratio of variation in subplot presence explained by tree species and by environmental variables was ca. 4:1 (in the most disturbed logged plots slightly lower), for free standing vines this ratio varied from 1:2 in the most disturbed logged plots to 9:1 in reserve plots, while a ratio of ca. 1:1 was found for all plots analysed together. Conclusion: Different tree species have different probabilities of being infested by vines. Vines see both the forest and the trees; the environment is more important in earlier developmental stages, properties of individual trees become more important from the time vines start to climb.  相似文献   

15.
AIMS: The aims of this work were to identify the mycoflora and to evaluate the natural occurrence of OA in dried vine fruits. Likewise, the capacity to produce OA by Aspergillus section Nigri was studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty samples of dried vine fruits were obtained from Mendoza and San Juan provinces. The surface disinfection method was used for mycoflora determination using the medium dichloran 18% glycerol agar (DG18) and dichloran Rose Bengal chloramphenicol agar (DRBC). RESULTS: Statistical analysis demonstrated that the species A. niger var. niger and Aspergillus niger var. awamori were isolated in higher frequency from black dried vine fruits from DRBC and DG18 media (P < 0.01). OA was found in 74% of the dried vine fruits samples. Sixty-two strains (28%) of Aspergillus section Nigri, were OA producers. In the species A. carbonarius the highest percentages of ochratoxigenic strains were detected (82.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of ochratoxigenic strains of Nigri section in dried vine fruits suggests that they may be an important source of OA in this substrate. Dried vine fruits can also be an important source of OA people who consume large amounts. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The dried vine fruits contamination with Aspergillus section Nigri and OA was significant.  相似文献   

16.
河南小秦岭忍冬属植物的分布及资源利用探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
河南小秦岭自然保护区自然分布有忍冬属植物16种(变种),约占河南省忍冬属植物总数的64.0%,占全国忍冬属植物总数的16.3%。按照Rehder(1903)的分类系统可分为两个亚属(忍冬亚属、轮花亚属),3个组(囊管组、空枝组、忍冬组)。还就忍冬属植物资源的利用进行了探讨。  相似文献   

17.
Systemic activity of the neonicotinoids clothianidin, dinotefuran, and thiamethoxam and the anthranilic diamide chlorantraniliprole was tested against adult black vine weevils, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), on Astilbe, Euonymus, Heuchera, Rhododendron, Sedum, and Taxus. Insecticide treatments were applied to the soilless substrate of containerized plants. Bioassays were conducted 12 or 13, 26, and 42 d after treatment (DAT) and ran for 7 d; and feeding, mortality, and weight gain or loss by weevils were evaluated. Foliage was removed from test plants and then placed in arenas with adult black vine weevils. The neonicotinoids reduced feeding and weight gain by adult black vine weevils on most plant species with residual activity 42 DAT on some plant species. At 12 DAT, mortality was caused by the three neonicotinoids on Astilbe and by thiamethoxam on Sedum; and at 26 DAT dinotefuran caused mortality on Astilbe. Chlorantraniliprole reduced feeding on Taxus at 12 DAT, with no activity detected in other bioassays. Another set of bioassays was conducted to examine survival and fecundity of adult black vine weevils during prolonged feeding on Heuchera and Taxus systemically treated with dinotefuran or thiamethoxam. Bioassay procedures were similar to those described above, except they ran continuously for 56 d. Prolonged feeding on dinotefuran and thiamethoxam treated Heuchera and Taxus resulted in high mortality of adult black vine weevils and reduced fecundity. These studies show that the systemic activity of neonicotinoids is influenced by plant species and that systemic neonicotinoids have the potential to suppress black vine weevil populations in containerized nursery crops.  相似文献   

18.
我国中越边境地区有毒植物资源的调查研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
对中越边境地区有毒植物资源进行了调查研究,列出了主要的有毒植物的名单及其有毒部位、学名、中文名、科名、习性和毒性,并在此基础上对该地区有毒植物资源进行了总体评价。此外,还提出了因地制宜开发利用该地区丰富的有毒植物资源的建议。  相似文献   

19.
In the continental tropics, herbaceous vines and lianas are roughly equal in abundance, and the former are even more abundant in the temperate region. However, only little attention has been paid to the study of biological and ecological characteristics of herbaceous vines. In particular, research about effects of herbaceous vines acting as a biological control on plant communities has not been carried out in depth. Herbaceous vines are widely distributed and abundant also in humid subtropical areas, especially in the early stages of forest community succession, but their ecology is little known. The aim of our study is to understand the effect of local herbaceous vines on community characteristics in pioneer succession stages. The hypothesis was tested that herbaceous vines would have predominantly negative effects on co-occurring species, thereby reducing their diversity. Based on a quadrate method, a detailed survey of shrub and herb communities covered by herbaceous vines was conducted in the Jinyun Mountain Nature Reserve of Chongqing, SW China. The sample plots were selected based on the numbers and coverage of vines, distinguishing among high vine coverage plots, middle vine coverage plots and low vine coverage plots. All species in the plots with different herbaceous vine coverage were identified and measured. The measurements for each species included number, average height and coverage. Because of abundant tree seedlings in the habitat of forest edge plots, we only recorded the number of tree seedlings in those plots to evaluate the overall effects of vines on tree seedling regeneration. After the field investigation, herbaceous vines and other species in the plots were harvested respectively, then oven dried and weighed. The results showed that herbaceous vines had high productivity and produced a lot of branches, which caused above-ground competition and mechanical stress to other species. Herbaceous vines seriously affected species composition and species importance values of self-supporting species. In all three habitats, the number of species and families in low coverage samples was larger than that in high coverage samples, and furthermore the identities of species were different between them. Species richness significantly decreased with increasing herbaceous vine coverage, illustrating that some species disappeared. Herbaceous vines reduced species diversity of communities, and as a result, community complexity was decreased, which might also decrease community stability. Biomass of communities of self-supporting species significantly decreased with increasing herbaceous vine coverage, which suggested that herbaceous vines significantly decreased community productivity. The number of seedlings also significantly decreased with increasing herbaceous vine coverage, and seedlings were mainly distributed in lower coverage samples. Herbaceous vines reduced the light exposure in the understory, which may be the mechanistic explanation for the negative influence of vines on the performance of tree seedlings. It was concluded that herbaceous vines affected seedling quantitative dynamics and distribution, and inhibited the natural succession from shrub and herb communities to tree communities. Thus herbaceous vines not only had significant influences on community characteristics in pioneer succession stages, but also on subsequent succession stages.  相似文献   

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