光周期和温度对中缅树Qu产热能力的影响

低温短光照诱导中缅树Ｑｕ体重增加、体温降低、产热能力增强,静止代谢率增另的速度和比例高于非颤抖性产热,低温短光照刺激肝脏一体蛋白质量、线粒体氧化能力和细胞色素Ｃ氧化酶活性显著增加;短光照也刺激褐色脂肪组织总蛋白和线粒体蛋白量、线粒体状态ＩＶ呼吸、细胞色素Ｃ氧化酶、α－磷酸甘油氧化酶及Ｔ４５－脱碘酶活性显著提高。低温和短光照促使血清Ｔ３浓度增加、Ｔ４浓度不变。结果表明,中缅树Ｑｕ的适应性产热特征不仅     

外源性褪黑激素对中缅树()适应性产热特征的影响

注射外源性褪黑激素后,中缅树Ｑｕ体温明显降低,静止代谢率和非颤拦性产热显著增加,并随蝗延长增加的赵多,注射褪黑激素不能影响肝脏的褐色脂肪组织的重量,但两者线粒体蛋白含量显著增加、线粒体呼吸和细胞色素Ｃ氧化酶活性增加;褐色脂肪组织的α磷酸甘油氧化酶和Ｔ４５’－脱碘酶活性显著增加;血清Ｔ３浓度显著上升,Ｔ４浓度显著降低。结果表明,松果体褪黑激素参与了中缅树Ｑｕ的适应性产热调节。     

短光照诱导达乌尔黄鼠产热

本文通过测定静止代谢率(RMR)、非颤抖性产热(NST)、线粒体呼吸酶、脂肪代谢酶活力、褐色脂肪组织(BAT)线粒体GTP结合能力、下丘脑促甲状腺激素释放激素(TRH)和促肾上腺激素释放激素(CRH)等指标,探讨短光照对达乌尔黄鼠产热的诱导和调节。结果表明,温暖(22℃)短光照(8D∶6L)组,达乌尔黄鼠的RMR、NST、肝脏和BAT线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶活力以及BAT线粒体GTP结合能力均明显高于温暖长光照(16D∶8L)组中的动物,而体重、BAT重量、肝细胞呼吸、BATα-磷酸甘油氧化酶活力则没有明显变化。短光照组黄鼠下丘脑TRH水平显著高于长光照组,而血清中三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)及甲状腺素(T4)浓度、T3/T4以及BAT中T4-5’脱碘酶的活性没有明显变化。短光照组黄鼠下丘脑CRH水平显著高于对照组,而肾上腺皮质酮含量无明显变化。结果表明短光照能够诱导达乌尔黄鼠产热增加,主要是通过激活细胞色素C氧化酶活性和增加BAT中解偶联蛋白浓度;短光照可能激活下丘脑TRH和CRH,但它们没有直接诱导产热增加,推测其增加了黄鼠潜在的产热能力。     

冷暴露对中缅树鼩适应性产热特征的影响

在冷暴露(5±1℃) 1 d,7 d,14 d和21d对中缅树鼩的肝脏、心脏、膈肌、腓肠肌和褐色脂肪组织(BAT)的总蛋白和线粒体蛋白含量、线粒体的状态Ⅳ呼吸能力、细胞色素C氧化酶活力及血清中甲状腺激素的水平等指标进行了测定.结果表明:冷暴露过程中肝脏线粒体蛋白含量对低温的反应比总蛋白的反应剧烈,心脏和BAT组织的线粒体蛋白含量也随着冷驯化时间的延长而显著增加,但腓肠肌的反应较为温和;各组织线粒体的状态Ⅳ呼吸能力均显著增强,除腓肠肌外其它各组织细胞色素C氧化酶活性也随冷暴露时间的延长而急剧增加.说明在低温条件下,肝脏、腓肠肌、心脏和BAT等组织都参与了体温调节的过程,在自然生境中,低温是重要的刺激产热的调节因子.     

光照和温度对高原鼠逸褐色脂肪组织产热特征的影响

测定了高原鼠兔在驯化２周后褐色脂肪组织的蛋白含量,线粒体蛋白含量和细胞色素ｃ氧化酶活性的变化。结果表明,低温或短光照可刺激这些指标的增加;最高值出现在低温加短光照组。说明在季节性驯化过程中,光照和温度协同作用,以诱导动物的产热调节。     

光照和温度对根田鼠褐色脂肪组织产热能力的影响

测定了根田鼠在室内驯化２周后褐色脂肪组织（ＢＡＴ）的蛋白含量、线粒体蛋白含量和细胞色素Ｃ氧化酶活性的变化。动物进行如下４种处理：２３℃、１６Ｌ：８Ｄ;２３℃,８Ｌ：１６Ｄ;５℃,Ｌ：８Ｄ和５℃,８Ｌ：１６Ｄ。结果表明,短光照可刺激根田鼠的ＢＡＴ线粒体细胞色素Ｃ氧化酶的活性增加。低温驯化可导致根田鼠的ＢＡＴ线粒体蛋白含量增加;短光照加低温可进一步促进酶的活性增加。结合个体水平的产热特点,说明根田鼠的     

中缅树鼩的非颤抖性产热及细胞呼吸特征

中缅树鼩(Tupaia belangeri chinensis)是东南亚树鼩中分布最北的一个种。在热中性区内的非颤抖性产热(nonshivering thermogenesis NST)分别为2.57±0.21(冬)和2.21±0.12(夏)mlO_2/(g·h);分别为体重预期值的75.9％和61.2％,两者不仅冬季显著高于夏季,而且亦高于典型的热带种类,但低于温带类群。褐色脂肪组织(brown adipose tissue,BAT)的重量冬季为0.622±0.015 S,夏季0.532±0.80 g,冬季也显著高于夏季;同时,BAT总蛋白含量、线粒体蛋白含量以及细胞α-磷酸甘油氧化酶和细胞色素C氧化酶活性,冬季也显著高于夏季,但增加的比例较温带种类低;而肝脏细胞的上述指标及线粒体状态Ⅲ、状态Ⅳ呼吸等,冬夏两季均无显著差异。因此,中缅树鼩的NST和细胞产热能力介于热带与温带类群之间,显示出向温带类型过渡的趋势。     

褪黑激素对布氏田鼠适应性产热的诱导作用

秋季,将布氏田鼠置于２３±２℃,光周期１４Ｌ∶１０Ｄ的环境中,每日腋下注射褪黑激素,共四周。导致布氏田鼠的非颤抖性产热被激活,褐色脂肪组织和肝的总蛋白及线粒体蛋白含量明显地增加;肝线粒体状态４和状态３呼吸活力显著增加;刺激肝和褐色脂肪组织线粒体细胞色素Ｃ氧化酶活力升高;明显地升高血清Ｔ３浓度和增加Ｔ３／Ｔ４比率。表明在秋季褪黑激素能明显提高布氏田鼠的产热能力。短光照对布氏田鼠产热的调控可能是通过松果体分泌的褪黑激素而实现的。     

长爪沙鼠季节性产热特征比较

与夏季相比、冬季长爪沙鼠的静止代谢率和非颤抖性产热显著升高;褐色脂肪组织线粒体的细胞色素C氧化酶与α-磷酸甘油氧化酶活力升高,组织总蛋白质及线粒体蛋白质含量增加,而组织的脂肪含量减少;血清T3含量和T3/T4值都显著增加。但是肝脏的各项产热指标变化不显著、表明褐色脂肪组织的产热功能具有季节波动性,是长爪沙鼠适应性产热的主要来源器官．     

中缅树Qu的非颤抖性产热及细胞呼吸特征

中缅树qu(Tupaia belangeri chinensis)是东南亚树qu中分布最北的一个种。在热中性区内的非颤抖性产热(nonshivering thermogenesis NST)分别为2.57±0.21(冬)和2.21±0.12(夏)mlO[2]／(g·h);分别为体重预期值的75.9%和61.2%,两者不仅冬季显著高于夏季,而且亦高于典型的热带种类,但低于温带类群。褐色脂肪组织(brown adipose tissue,BAT)的重量冬季为0.622±0.015 g,夏季0.532±0.80 g,冬季也显著高于夏季;同时,BAT总蛋白含量、线粒体蛋白含量以及细胞α-磷酸甘油氧化酶和细胞色素C氧化酶活性,冬季也显著高于夏季,但增加的比例较温带种类低;而肝脏细胞的上述指标及线粒体状态Ⅲ、状态Ⅳ呼吸等,冬夏两季均无显著差异。因此,中缅树qu的NST和细胞产热能力介于热带与温带类群之间,显示出向温带类型过渡的趋势。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.