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1.
红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus)和白腹锦鸡(C.amherstiae)为鸡形目雉科锦鸡属物种,分布区全部或大部位于中国境内,在四川中部至南部、云南省东北部等地有局部重叠。两者在圈养条件下可杂交,但野外环境下自然杂交报道极少。2016年10月14日,在四川省鞍子河自然保护区野生动物本底调查中,红外相机记录到一只成年雄性锦鸡。该个体兼具红腹锦鸡与白腹锦鸡成年雄性的羽色特征,为两种锦鸡的自然杂交后代。锦鸡属自然杂交的记录较少,本次发现证实成都盆地西缘的邛崃山位于本属两物种的分布重叠区内,且存在偶见的杂交现象,为进一步探明锦鸡属分布重叠区及杂交现象发生的空间范围、研究锦鸡属物种的分化历史与机制提供了数据支持。  相似文献   

2.
四川大邑县发现的白腹锦鸡和红腹锦鸡自然杂种的记述   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
何家禄  张俊范 《动物学研究》1993,14(3):240-240,239
1992年1—4月,在四川大邑县双河乡山区海拔1600—1700m处,先后获得5只雉科雄鸟标本。(第1号标本存四川大学生物系,其余4号标本存大邑县林业局)。经鉴定,确认属白腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus amherstiae)和红腹锦鸡(C.pictus)的杂种。其形态如下: No.1:外形和羽色大体似红腹锦鸡雄鸟。尾长750mm,比一般金鸡稍长。上嘴基部铅褐,跗蹠淡褐,与白腹锦鸡相似。额、头顶和枕冠淡黄,枕冠羽端沾红。枕冠长70mm,介于红腹锦鸡(1,100mm)和白腹锦鸡(1,52mm)之间。披肩羽端呈截状,似红腹锦鸡;各羽乳白,羽端和近端的黑色横斑有绿色反光,与白腹锦鸡相似,较长的披肩羽片基部渲染葡萄红色。下颈和肩间部亮绿,并有铜黄色反光,羽端较宽而略呈弧形与  相似文献   

3.
血雉分类地位和遗传分化的探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
长期以来对血雉Ithaginis应划归雉类还是鹑类和是多型属还是单型属一直存在着争议.在此对3个亚种,西藏亚种Ithaginis cruentus tibetanus,甘肃亚种I.c.berezawskii和四川亚种I.c.geoffroyii的6个个体的血雉与典型的雉类雉属Phasiamus、锦鸡属Chrysolophus、长尾雉属Syrmaticus及典型的鹑类石鸡属Alectoris、鹌鹑属Coturnix和雪鸡属Tetraogallus的线粒体DNA细胞色素6的部分基因序列比较,系统进化树中血雉与雉类聚在一起.根据血雉地理分布,多亚种中心理论,区域地理历史,环境演变和分子钟指示的时间,血雉可能于早上新世起源于横断山脉.3个亚种之间序列差异为4.1%-7.2%,与雉科其它属的种问差异度比较,其遗传分化已达到种的水平,与形态差异相吻合.  相似文献   

4.
<正>2016年,中国科学院昆明动物研究所的研究人员发现,北宋皇帝宋徽宗赵佶的御题画《芙蓉锦鸡图》中的锦鸡是一个杂交个体,这是距今约900年前鸟类杂交的最早记录。考虑到红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus)和白腹锦鸡(C.amherstiae)在野外和  相似文献   

5.
长光照诱导红腹锦鸡当年雌鸡冬季繁殖效果的实验研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
红腹锦鸡 (Chrysolophuspictus)属鸡形目 ,锦鸡属 ,俗称锦鸡、金鸡 ,分布于我国北起宁夏固源 ,南到广西贺县 ,西至四川宝兴 ,东到湖北宜昌 ,即 :东经 10 2°40′~111°2 0′,北纬 2 4°39′~ 36°0 0′范围内 (余志刚等 ,1997)。红腹锦鸡为我国特产珍禽 ,国家Ⅱ级保护动物 ,因其羽色绚丽多姿、雍容华贵而著称于世 ,具有重要的经济价值 ,也是具有开发前景的特禽养殖新品种。已有的记述表明 ,红腹锦鸡雏鸡在第 2年 4~ 5月开始产卵 ,但是对此期间红腹锦鸡 1龄雌鸡的解剖观察发现 ,其卵巢尚未充分发育(吴至康 ,1991) ,还不…  相似文献   

6.
白腹锦鸡和红腹锦鸡的遗传分化   总被引:27,自引:3,他引:24  
向余劲攻  杨岚  张亚平 《遗传》2000,22(4):225-228
白腹锦鸡Chrysolophus amherstiae (Leadbeater)和红腹锦鸡Chrysolophus pictus (L.)是两个种还是两个亚种尚有争议。测定了白腹锦鸡C.amherstiae两个个体部分细胞色素b基因序列,得到完全相同的861bp的序列。与红腹锦鸡C.pictus的同源序列相比,在21个位点上出现变异,应用木村资生的双参数法算出两者的遗传距离为2.5%。根据鸡形目细胞色素b基因核苷酸替换的速率约为每百万年0.5%~ 0.7%,推断出两种锦鸡的分化时间至少为1.7百万年。从而在分子水平上支持白腹锦鸡(C.amherstiae)和红腹锦鸡(C.pictus)是两个独立种。 Abstract:It was disputed that Chrysolophus amherstiae (Leadbeater) and Chrysolophus pictus (L.) were two species or two subspecies.DNA sequences spanning 861 nucleotide bases of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene were reported in two C.amherstiae.21 sites were different compared with C.pictus's homologous sequences. Genetic distance between C.amherstiae and was 2.5% based on the Kimura's two parameter's methods.The divergence time between C.amherstiae and C.pictus was at least 1.7My based on the substitution rate of nucleotide acid of cytothrome-b gene in Galliformes.We suggested that Chrysolophus amherstiae and Chrysolophus pictus are two distinct species.  相似文献   

7.
木本植物花药培养的进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
陈正华 《遗传》1984,6(4):34-37
近十年来,已从木本植物的8个科、9个属、约23 个种中获得了单倍体植株,它们是:茄科的滨黎叶拘祀 (Lycium halimifolzum Mill.)[33],宁夏拘祀(L. barbarum L.)t'3拘祀(L. chinense Mill.)[2]。杨柳科的 黑杨(Populus nigra L. )[33,小叶杨X黑杨(P. simonit Carr. X P. nigra L.),大青杨(P. ussuriensis Komar. )[32],加拿大白杨X香杨(P. canadensis Moench X P. koreana Rehd.),哈青杨X钻天杨(P. harbinensis Wang et Skv. X P. pyramidalis Roz.)[4],银白杨X小 叶杨(P. albs L. X P. simonii Carr.)[5],中东杨(P. berolinensis Dipp. ),中东杨X钻夭杨(P. berolinensis Dipp. X P. pyramidalis Roz. ),小青杨(P. pseudo-simonii Kitagawa.)[6],小青杨X钻天杨(P. pseudo-stmonzi Kitagawa. X P. pyramidalis Roz.)[5],小叶杨(P. simonii Carr.) M,胡杨(P. euphratica Oliv. )[7][8]。芸香科的权 壳(Poncirus trifolata (L.) Raf.)[25], 柑桔(Citrus microcarpa Bge.)[9] 葡萄科的葡萄(Vitis vinifera L.)[10]蔷薇科苹果属的揪子(Malus pruni f olia (Wi- 11d.) Borkh.)[11]以及苹果(Malus pumilea Mill.)[12]。七叶树科的欧洲七叶树(Aesculus hippocastanum L.)[30] 无患子科的荔枝(Litchi chinensis Sonn.)[13]。此外,在 我国已从杉木花药培养获得小植株[14],油茶也已从花 药愈伤组织分化出绿芽点[15]。  相似文献   

8.
四川是我国盛产雉类的省分。其雉科的鸟类,已知有20种,占我国该科鸟类总数的40.8%。红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophuspictus)是四川较为常见雉类中素为人们喜爱的鸟类。红腹锦鸡,在我国近代生物文献中有时称为金鸡。在我国古代文献中则称为鷩雉、赤鷩、鵔、和文翰。在距今2500年的我国的《尚书·禹贡篇》中已有红腹锦鸡的记载。晋时,从魏安釐王(在位时间为元前276—241年)的墓中发掘出来的《逸周书·王会篇》中,更记有当时的蜀国贵族将之作为贡品,献给周朝天子周成王。据明代李时珍著《本草纲目》,我国自周代到汉代常以此雉的羽毛装饰冠冕。可见这…  相似文献   

9.
红腹锦鸡     
正红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus)隶属鸡形目锦鸡属鸟类,单型种,无亚种分化。体长60~100 mm,体重450~750 g,为中等体型雉类。嘴黄色。雄鸟头部具金黄色丝状羽冠;脸、喉锈红色;后颈为金棕色带蓝黑色斑的扇形羽毛围成。上背深绿色,羽缘黑色;下背到尾上覆羽为金黄色。下体深红色。肩  相似文献   

10.
鸡形目鸟类系统发生研究现状   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
综合形态学、行为学、分子系统发生等方面研究成果,对世界鸡形目鸟类科的系统关系以及属、种间系统发生的研究进展进行了阐述,侧重介绍与我国鸡形目鸟类相关类群的系统发生研究现状。与传统的系统关系比较,新的研究结果主要有:凤冠雉科和冢雉科不再是互为姊妹群;传统分类中的雉族和鹑族被证明并非单源而是多源的;雉族的原鸡属与鹑族的竹鸡属有很近的亲缘关系;灰山鹑、火鸡和松鸡类的系统发生关系可能很近。分子进化的研究表明雉科各属的起源主要集中在上新世。  相似文献   

11.
The phylogenetic relationships of 21 pheasant and 6 non-pheasant species were determined using nucleotide sequences from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analysis were used to try to resolve the phylogenetic relationships within Phasianidae. Both the degree of resolution and strength of support are improved over previous studies due to the testing of a number of species from multiple pheasant genera, but several major ambiguities persist. Polyplectron bicalcaratum (grey peacock pheasant) is shown not to be a pheasant. Alternatively, it appears ancestral to either the partridges or peafowl. Pucrasia macrolopha macrolopha (koklass) and Gallus gallus (red jungle fowl) both emerge as non-pheasant genera. Monophyly of the pheasant group is challenged if Pucrasia macrolopha macrolopha and Gallus gallus are considered to be pheasants. The placement of Catreus wallichii (cheer) within the pheasants also remains undetermined, as does the cause for the great sequence divergence in Chrysolophus pictus obscurus (black-throated golden). These results suggest that alterations in taxonomic classifications may be required for some pheasant species and genera.  相似文献   

12.
The present study was conducted to apply an interspecies germ cell transfer technique to wild bird reproduction. Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) primordial germ cells (PGCs) retrieved from the gonads of 7-day-old embryos were transferred to the bloodstream of 2.5-day-old chicken (Gallus gallus) embryos. Pheasant-to-chicken germline chimeras hatched from the recipient embryos, and 10 pheasants were derived from testcross reproduction of the male chimeras with female pheasants. Gonadal migration of the transferred PGCs, their involvement in spermatogenesis, and production of chimeric semen were confirmed. The phenotype of pheasant progenies derived from the interspecies transfer was identical to that of wild pheasants. The average efficiency of reproduction estimated from the percentage of pheasants to total progenies was 17.5%. In conclusion, interspecies germ cell transfer into a developing embryo can be used for wild bird reproduction, and this reproductive technology may be applicable in conserving endangered bird species.  相似文献   

13.
角雉属Tragopan两性羽色不同,雄性具有艳丽的装饰性羽毛,这与一般雉族Phasianini相似;而尾较翅为短,尾羽的换羽从中央到外侧,这些特征又与鹑族Perdicini各属相同,形态特征上角雉属被划为鹑族.通过PCR扩增鸡形目Galliformes黄腹角雉Tragopan caboti等10个属19个个体的线粒体DNA细胞色素b的部分基因,获取片段长度为828bp,以及从GenBank获取22种样本的相应序列,以角叫鸭Anhima cornuta和海龟Kachuga dhongoka为外群,分别用邻接法(Neighbor-joining,NJ)和最小进化法(Minimum-evolution,ME),对鸡形目和将雉科的15个属分为5个属及雉族和鹑族构建分子系统树,NJ和ME系统树中,都是角雉与雉类相聚.角雉出现形态解剖与基因分析分类地位的不一致,说明雉和鹑可能不是单系群.同时我们认为雌雄的色泽区别比尾羽的长短和换羽方式在对雉和鹑形态特征分类时更为重要.从分子水平分析的结果都是角雉属与雉聚类.因此角雉归为雉族更合理.  相似文献   

14.
Cytochrome b and D-loop nucleotide sequences were used to study patterns of molecular evolution and phylogenetic relationships between the pheasants and the partridges, which are thought to form two closely related monophyletic galliform lineages. Our analyses used 34 complete cytochrome b and 22 partial D-loop sequences from the hypervariable domain I of the D-loop, representing 20 pheasant species (15 genera) and 12 partridge species (5 genera). We performed parsimony, maximum likelihood, and distance analyses to resolve these phylogenetic relationships. In this data set, transversion analyses gave results similar to those of global analyses. All of our molecular phylogenetic analyses indicated that the pheasants and partridges arose through a rapid radiation, making it difficult to establish higher level relationships. However, we were able to establish six major lineages containing pheasant and partridge taxa, including one lineage containing both pheasants and partridges (Gallus, Bambusicola and Francolinus). This result, supported by maximum likelihood tests, indicated that the pheasants and partridges do not form independent monophyletic lineages.  相似文献   

15.
Reciprocal immunization between parents of an Illinois family of ring-necked pheasants, Phasianus colchicus, resulted in antisera detecting two pairs of alloantigens segregating among 13 progeny. The four alloantigens were tentatively designated as 1 and 2, transmitted antithetically by the sire, and 3 and 4, transmitted antithetically by the dam. Genetic segregation occurring in second-generation progeny demonstrated that these two pairs of antigens belonged to a single genetic system. This alloantigen system was shown to correspond serologically to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the chicken by cross-reactivity of the antigens of this system with specific subregional chicken MHC reagents, appropriately absorbed with erythrocytes of individual pheasants. These four haplotypes of the pheasant MHC were subsequently designated as MhcPhco-B1, MhcPhco-B2, MhcPhco-B3 and MhcPhco-B4. Traditional immunogenetic analysis of 30 pheasant families produced in this study disclosed a minimum of 14 pheasant haplotypes of this alloantigen system (MHC) to be segregating in the population under evaluation.  相似文献   

16.
江西武夷山雉科鸟类研究初报   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
2004年9月~2008年5月对江西武夷山国家级自然保护区的雉类资源进行了调查,查明区内分布有白眉山鹧鸪、灰胸竹鸡、黄腹角雉、白鹇、勺鸡、雉鸡、白颈长尾雉等雉科鸟类,隶属于7属7种,分别占我国雉类属、种数量的33.3%和12.7%.较常见的种类有灰胸竹鸡、白鹇和黄腹角雉.并对有关物种的生境利用特点、生物学特征和灾害性天气对其分布的影响等进行了初步分析.  相似文献   

17.
18.
The Hainan peacock pheasant is an endangered taxon found only on Hainan Island of China. Due to lack of detailed taxonomic studies, whether it is a subspecies of the grey peacock pheasant (Polyplectron bicalcaratum katsumatae) or a full species (Polyplectron katsumatae) remained unclear. We used molecular markers, including the complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and intron G of the nuclear ovomucoid gene, to reevaluate the taxonomy of the Hainan peacock pheasant. The results showed phylogeographic monophyly and large genetic distance between the Hainan peacock pheasant and the grey peacock pheasant. Sequence differences corroborated the species-level distinction between these two peacock pheasants, which were inferred to have diverged about 1.4+/-0.3 million years ago, near the time Hainan Island became separated from mainland China. Because the population density of the Hainan peacock pheasant is very low in its tropical forest on the island and the wild population is declining, it is now becoming severely endangered and should be ranked as the rarest species in the Order Galliformes in China. Our results increase the urgency of getting more morphological data to support the classification of the Hainan peacock pheasant as a distinct species and taking more conservation action immediately to protect this endangered island species.  相似文献   

19.
Sarcocystis-like oocysts-sporocysts were found in four species of owls (Asio otus, Bubo bubo, Strix aluco, and Tyto alba) and in five species of predatory birds (Accipiter gentilis, Accipiter nisus, Buteo buteo, Circus aeruginosus, Falco tinnunculus). In addition, the muscles of 15 of 41 (36.5%) pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) and one of two jays (Garrulus glandarius) were found to harbor three types of Sarcocystis. Three of 15 (20%) infected pheasants had type I cystozoites (6-8 X 2 microns) in muscle homogenates, but sarcocysts were not seen whereas the other 12 infected pheasants had type II cystozoites (16 X 2-3 microns) and sarcocysts (90 X 600 microns) in their muscles. The one infected jay had type III cystozoites (8-10.5 X 2.5-3 microns) and sarcocysts (35-40 X greater than 770 microns) in its muscles.  相似文献   

20.
The success of ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) restocking in Asturias, northern Spain was assessed, and the role of parasites and predators in the mortality of released birds was studied. The experimental release of 56 radio-tagged pheasants showed that 98% of birds died within 12 days. As soon as 72 h after release, 67.5% of males and 55.0% of females were found dead. Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) killed 63% of the birds. The survival of those birds killed by foxes was lower than for birds which died due to other causes, and pheasants depositing eggs of the nematode Eucoleus contortus (Creplin, 1839) survived less than those apparently non-parasitized. No impact of the parasite on the pheasants' condition was found, but foxes preyed upon parasitized birds more than expected by random. The results suggest that: (i) the current pheasant releases in this area are unsuccessful and need to be improved; (ii) this is mainly due to intense predation by red foxes; and (iii) parasites could have some influence on the predation of released birds by foxes. However, the way parasites affect pheasant vulnerability remains unclear.  相似文献   

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