共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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目的:研究人β神经生长因子(β-NGF)基因中稀有密码子及其mRNA二级结构对其在大肠杆菌中表达量的影响。方法:根据对人β-ngf中稀有密码子及其mRNA二级结构的研究,同义突变人β-ngf基因,通过PCR得到人β-ngf的5’端同义突变基因rh-β-ngfp32和全同义突变基因rh-β-ngfmu,将这2个序列克隆入载体pET3a中,得到重组质粒pET3a-ngfp32和pET3a-ngfmu,分别转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态,IPTG诱导表达,收集菌体,SDS-PAGE检测其表达量的改变。结果:构建的pET3a-ngfp32和pET3a-ngfmu表达载体酶切和测序结果正确,SDS-PAGE结果显示,与在重组菌pET3a-NGF总蛋白中的表达量相比,目的蛋白rh-β-NGF在重组菌pET3a-NGFP32和pET3a-NGFmu中的表达量均明显增高,并且在重组菌pET3a-NGFmu中的表达量高于重组菌pET3a-NGFP32。结论:目的蛋白rh-β-NGF在重组菌pET3a-NGFP32和pET3a-NGFmu中表达量的增高,说明人β-ngf基因中稀有密码子和mRNA的二级结构对其在大肠杆菌中的表达有较为明显的影响,结果为构建rh-β-NGF的大肠杆菌工程菌株奠定了基础。 相似文献
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同义密码子的反常蛋白质二级结构偏好性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
统计分析了 119种人蛋白质和 92种大肠杆菌蛋白质的mRNA序列和蛋白质二级结构的关系 .从二肽频数出发 ,研究了同义密码子使用对蛋白质二级结构的影响 ,证明其影响在 10 %到 2 0 %的量级 .对于人和大肠杆菌 ,在 90 %置信水平上 ,4 0 0对二肽中分别有 79对和 6 0对 ,在 95 %置信水平上 ,分别有 4 5对和 36对二肽的相应密码子二联体具有不同于氨基酸的反常二级结构偏好性 ,并且这种反常不能归因于随机涨落 相似文献
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普通野生稻线粒体蛋白质编码基因密码子使用偏好性的分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以普通野生稻(Oryza rufipogon Griff.)线粒体基因组为对象,分析其蛋白质编码基因的密码子使用特征及与亚洲栽培稻(O. sativa L.)的差异,探讨其密码子偏性形成的影响因素和进化过程。结果显示:普通野生稻线粒体基因组编码序列第1、第2和第3位碱基的GC含量依次为49.18%、42.67%和40.86%;有效密码子数(Nc)分布于45.32~61.00之间,其密码子偏性较弱; Nc值仅与GC_3呈显著相关,密码子第3位的碱基组成对密码子偏性影响较大;第1向量轴上显示9.91%的差异,其与GC3s、Nc、密码子偏好指数(CBI)和最优密码子使用频率(Fop)的相关性均达到显著水平;而GC_3和GC12的相关性未达到显著水平。因此,普通野生稻线粒体基因组密码子的使用偏性主要受自然选择压力影响而形成。本研究确定了21个普通野生稻线粒体基因组的最优密码子,大多以A或T结尾,与叶绿体密码子具有趋同进化,但是与核基因组具有不同的偏好性。同义密码子相对使用度(RSCU)、PR2偏倚分析和中性绘图分析显示,普通野生稻线粒体基因功能和其密码子使用密切相关,且线粒体密码子使用在普通野生稻、粳稻(O. sativa L. subsp. japonica Kato)和籼稻(O. sativa L. subsp.indica Kato)内具有同质性。 相似文献
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流感病毒基因的密码子偏好性及聚类分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
流行性感冒病毒是一种造成人类及动物患流行性感冒的RNA病毒,它造成急性上呼吸道感染,并由空气迅速传播,在世界各地常有周期性的大流行。根据该病毒的基因组CDS序列,探讨了基因组序列密码子的使用模式和特性,并进行了病毒间的聚类分析。结果表明:流感病毒的G+C含量均低于A+U含量,偏向使用以A、U结尾的密码子的程度比使用以G、C结尾的较高,CUG、UCA、AGU、AGC、AGA、AGG、GUG、CCA、ACA、GGA、GCA、AUU、UGA、CAU、CAA、AAU、AAA、GAA等18个密码子为流感病毒共有的偏好性密码子,且以A结尾的居多,尤其偏爱AGA、GGA。聚类结果表明首先亚洲流感病毒H2N2和香港流感病毒H2N2聚为一类,亚洲流感病毒H1N1和俄罗斯流感病毒H1N1聚为一类,1997年和2003年~2004年发生的人禽流感聚为一类,说明它们的密码子使用的偏好性相似;而2009年爆发的甲型H1N1流感和任何一个流感的距离都比较远,说明甲型H1N1流感病毒是一种新型的病毒,不同于以往任何一种流感病毒。 相似文献
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以普通野生稻(Oryza rufipogon Griff.)线粒体基因组为对象,分析其蛋白质编码基因的密码子使用特征及与亚洲栽培稻(O.sativa L.)的差异,探讨其密码子偏性形成的影响因素和进化过程。结果显示:普通野生稻线粒体基因组编码序列第1、第2和第3位碱基的GC含量依次为49.18%、42.67%和40.86%;有效密码子数(Nc)分布于45.32~61.00之间,其密码子偏性较弱;Nc值仅与GC3呈显著相关,密码子第3位的碱基组成对密码子偏性影响较大;第1向量轴上显示9.91%的差异,其与GC3s、Nc、密码子偏好指数(CBI)和最优密码子使用频率(Fop)的相关性均达到显著水平;而GC3和GC12的相关性未达到显著水平。因此,普通野生稻线粒体基因组密码子的使用偏性主要受自然选择压力影响而形成。本研究确定了21个普通野生稻线粒体基因组的最优密码子,大多以A或T结尾,与叶绿体密码子具有趋同进化,但是与核基因组具有不同的偏好性。同义密码子相对使用度(RSCU)、PR2偏倚分析和中性绘图分析显示,普通野生稻线粒体基因功能和其密码子使用密切相关,且线粒体密码子使用在普通野生稻、粳稻(O.sativa L.subsp.japonica Kato)和籼稻(O.sativa L.subsp.indica Kato)内具有同质性。 相似文献
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qa-3稀有密码子和mRNA结构改造及其在大肠杆菌中的高效表达 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
奎尼酸脱氢酶的高表达是奎尼酸生物合成的代谢工程研究的关键和基础。粗糙脉孢菌基因组中编码奎尼酸脱氢酶的基因qa-3在大肠杆菌中不表达,根据大肠杆菌密码子使用频率分析qa-3基因,发现有27个稀有密码子,其中编码Arg(R)的有8个,编码Gly(G)的有9个。编码精氨酸的AGG(AGA)两个稀有密码子紧密相连(R区),另外还有个相对比较集中的GGG密集区G区。进一步通过计算机分析其qa-3基因mRNA二级结构,发现改变5′和3′末端个别碱基对其二级结构的影响很大,可以使mRNA的自由能由野生型的-374.3kJ/mol降低到最小-80.5kJ/mol,从而大大减少mRNA两端二级结构的产生,而仅仅改变R区和G区的稀有密码子自由能变化很小。通过对该基因密码子改造和优化5′和3′末端对其mRNA二级结构的影响,在大肠杆菌中表达真菌的基因qa-3,并测到了奎尼酸脱氢酶活性,为构建产奎尼酸工程菌株奠定基础。 相似文献
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ScopeSynonymous codon usage has been a focus of investigation since the discovery of the genetic code and its redundancy. The occurrences of synonymous codons vary between species and within genes of the same genome, known as codon usage bias. Today, bioinformatics and experimental data allow us to compose a global view of the mechanisms by which the redundancy of the genetic code contributes to the complexity of biological systems from affecting survival in prokaryotes, to fine tuning the structure and function of proteins in higher eukaryotes. Studies analyzing the consequences of synonymous codon changes in different organisms have revealed that they impact nucleic acid stability, protein levels, structure and function without altering amino acid sequence. As such, synonymous mutations inevitably contribute to the pathogenesis of complex human diseases. Yet, fundamental questions remain unresolved regarding the impact of silent mutations in human disorders. In the present review we describe developments in this area concentrating on mechanisms by which synonymous mutations may affect protein function and human health.PurposeThis synopsis illustrates the significance of synonymous mutations in disease pathogenesis. We review the different steps of gene expression affected by silent mutations, and assess the benefits and possible harmful effects of codon optimization applied in the development of therapeutic biologics.Physiological and medical relevanceUnderstanding mechanisms by which synonymous mutations contribute to complex diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration and genetic disorders, including the limitations of codon-optimized biologics, provides insight concerning interpretation of silent variants and future molecular therapies. 相似文献
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A putative DNA glycosylase encoded by the Rv3297 gene (MtuNei2) has been identified in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Our efforts to express this gene in Escherichia coli either by supplementing tRNAs for rare codons or optimizing the gene with preferred codons for E. coli resulted in little or no expression. On the other hand, high-level expression was observed using a bicistronic expression vector in which the target gene was translationally coupled to an upstream leader sequence. Further comparison of the predicted mRNA secondary structures supported the hypothesis that mRNA secondary structure(s) surrounding the translation initiation region (TIR), rather than codon usage, played the dominant role in influencing translation efficiency, although manipulation of codon usage or tRNA supplementation did further enhance expression in the bicistronic vector. Addition of a cleavable N-terminal tag also facilitated gene expression in E. coli, possibly through a similar mechanism. However, since cleavage of N-terminal tags is determined by the amino acid at the P1′ position downstream of the protease recognition sequence and results in the addition of an extra amino acid in front of the N-terminus of the protein, this strategy is not particularly amenable to Fpg/Nei family DNA glycosylases which carry the catalytic proline residue at the P1′ position and require a free N-terminus. On the other hand, the bicistronic vector constructed here is potentially valuable particularly when expressing proteins from G/C rich organisms and when the proteins carry proline residues at the N-terminus in their native form. Thus the bicistronic expression system can be used to improve translation efficiency of mRNAs and achieve high-level expression of mycobacterial genes in E. coli. 相似文献
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The FGLamide allatostatins (ASTs) are invertebrate neuropeptides which inhibit juvenile hormone biosynthesis in Dictyoptera and related orders. They also show myomodulatory activity. FGLamide AST nucleotide frequencies and codon bias were investigated with respect to possible effects on mRNA secondary structure. 367 putative FGLamide ASTs and their potential endoproteolytic cleavage sites were identified from 40 species of crustaceans, chelicerates and insects. Among these, 55% comprised only 11 amino acids. An FGLamide AST consensus was identified to be (X)1→16Y(S/A/N/G)FGLGKR, with a strong bias for the codons UUU encoding for Phe and AAA for Lys, which can form strong Watson-Crick pairing in all peptides analyzed. The physical distance between these codons favor a loop structure from Ser/Ala-Phe to Lys-Arg. Other loop and hairpin loops were also inferred from the codon frequencies in the N-terminal motif, and the first amino acids from the C-terminal motif, or the dibasic potential endoproteolytic cleavage site. Our results indicate that nucleotide frequencies and codon usage bias in FGLamide ASTs tend to favor mRNA folds in the codon sequence in the C-terminal active peptide core and at the dibasic potential endoproteolytic cleavage site. 相似文献
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Jian-Rong Yang 《动物学研究》2017,38(1)
Currently many facets of genetic information are illdefined.In particular,how protein folding is genetically regulated has been a long-standing issue for genetics and protein biology.And a generic mechanistic model with supports of genomic data is still lacking.Recent technological advances have enabled much needed genome-wide experiments.While putting the effect of codon optimality on debate,these studies have supplied mounting evidence suggesting a role of mRNA structure in the regulation of protein folding by modulating translational elongation rate.In conjunctions with previous theories,this mechanistic model of protein folding guided by mRNA structure shall expand our understandings of genetic information and offer new insights into various biomedical puzzles. 相似文献
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Kenji Nakahigashi Yuki Takai Yuh Shiwa Mei Wada Masayuki Honma Hirofumi Yoshikawa Masaru Tomita Akio Kanai Hirotada Mori 《BMC genomics》2014,15(1)
Background
There is a significant difference between synonymous codon usage in many organisms, and it is known that codons used more frequently generally showed efficient decoding rate. At the gene level, however, there are conflicting reports on the existence of a correlation between codon adaptation and translation efficiency, even in the same organism.Results
To resolve this issue, we cultured Escherichia coli under conditions designed to maintain constant levels of mRNA and protein and subjected the cells to ribosome profiling (RP) and mRNA-seq analyses. We showed that the RP results correlated more closely with protein levels generated under similar culture conditions than with the mRNA abundance from the mRNA-seq. Our result indicated that RP/mRNA ratio could be used as a measure of translation efficiency at gene level. On the other hand, the RP data showed that codon-specific ribosome density at the decoding site negatively correlated with codon usage, consistent with the hypothesis that preferred codons display lower ribosome densities due to their faster decoding rate. However, highly codon-adapted genes showed higher ribosome densities at the gene level, indicating that the efficiency of translation initiation, rather than higher elongation efficiency of preferred codons, exerted a greater effect on ribosome density and thus translation efficiency.Conclusions
These findings indicate that evolutionary pressure on highly expressed genes influenced both codon bias and translation initiation efficiency and therefore explains contradictory findings that codon usage bias correlates with translation efficiency of native genes, but not with the artificially created gene pool, which was not subjected to evolution pressure.Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-1115) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献17.
Amir Yassin 《动物学研究》2009,30(3)
正确的系统发生重建对于理解进化事件至关重要.尽管分子系统学对于解决此类问题取得了极大的成功,由于一些诸如密码子使用偏性等的内在约束,来源于DNA的信息可能仍然存在着局限.因为发生在祖先的替代性转换,果蝇Drosophila saltans 5个种亚组由不同基因构建的分子系统树之间存在着冲突(在以往发表的分子系统学研究中,这些种组的每一个种亚组全少有一个代表).本文用40个形态学特征重新分析了这些种组.不同于以前发表的大多数假说,本研究支序分类学的结果表明,果蝇sturtevanti种亚组是一个较早的分支,而剩下的4个亚组形成一个支持度较高的类群;后者又可以再分为两个姐妹群:一个包含cordata和elliptica亚组,另一个包含parasaltans和saltans亚来组.本研究结果修正了果蝇saltans种组的分子进化(密码子使用偏性),并强调形态学对于系统发生重建和理解分子进化现象的重要作用. 相似文献
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Amir Yassin 《动物学研究》2009,10(3):225-232
正确的系统发生重建对于理解进化事件至关重要。尽管分子系统学对于解决此类问题取得了极大的成功,由于一些诸如密码子使用偏性等的内在约束,来源于DNA的信息可能仍然存在着局限。因为发生在祖先的替代性转换,果蝇Drosophila saltans 5个种亚组由不同基因构建的分子系统树之间存在着冲突(在以往发表的分子系统学研究中,这些种组的每一个种亚组至少有一个代表)。本文用40个形态学特征重新分析了这些种组。不同于以前发表的大多数假说,本研究支序分类学的结果表明,果蝇sturtevanti种亚组是一个较早的分支, 而剩下的4个亚组形成一个支持度较高的类群;后者又可以再分为两个姐妹群:一个包含cordata 和elliptica 亚组,另一个包含parasaltans和saltans亚组。本研究结果修正了果蝇saltans种组的分子进化(密码子使用偏性),并强调形态学对于系统发生重建和理解分子进化现象的重要作用。 相似文献
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Causal signals between codon bias,mRNA structure,and the efficiency of translation and elongation
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Cristina Pop Silvi Rouskin Nicholas T Ingolia Lu Han Eric M Phizicky Jonathan S Weissman Daphne Koller 《Molecular systems biology》2014,10(12)
Ribosome profiling data report on the distribution of translating ribosomes, at steady‐state, with codon‐level resolution. We present a robust method to extract codon translation rates and protein synthesis rates from these data, and identify causal features associated with elongation and translation efficiency in physiological conditions in yeast. We show that neither elongation rate nor translational efficiency is improved by experimental manipulation of the abundance or body sequence of the rare AGG tRNA. Deletion of three of the four copies of the heavily used ACA tRNA shows a modest efficiency decrease that could be explained by other rate‐reducing signals at gene start. This suggests that correlation between codon bias and efficiency arises as selection for codons to utilize translation machinery efficiently in highly translated genes. We also show a correlation between efficiency and RNA structure calculated both computationally and from recent structure probing data, as well as the Kozak initiation motif, which may comprise a mechanism to regulate initiation. 相似文献