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艾滋病又称获得性免疫缺陷综合征(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS)是由人免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)引起的一种传染性疾病。目前尚无彻底根除HIV/AIDS的药物,也无相关疫苗研制成功。植物来源的天然产物由于种类丰富、结构多样、毒副作用小等诸多优点,成为艾滋病防治药物或先导化合物不可或缺的一部分。本文简要综述了近5年来具有抗HIV活性的植物来源天然化合物的研究进展,期望通过对其相关研究进展的总结,为抗HIV药物开发提供有潜力的先导化合物。 相似文献
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天然抗补体活性物质研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
补体系统的非正常激活可引起人体的多种疾病,包括类风湿性关节炎和老年性痴呆等,但目前还没有较好的抗补体制剂。化学合成的抗补体制剂成本高、选择性差、并能产生多种副作用,天然产物来源的抗补体活性成分引起了国内外学者的普遍关注。迄今为止,已经从动植物及微生物中分离出多种具有抗补体活性的物质,包括多糖、黄酮、甾体、皂苷、萜类、生物碱等。本文对近年来天然产物中具有抗补体活性的成分进行了综述,由于微生物易于培养及基因工程改良,而且产品质量容易控制,来自微生物的抗补体活性物质值得关注。 相似文献
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微生物来源的活性天然产物由于其多种多样的生物活性已被广泛应用于农业、医疗保健等多个领域,是天然药物前体的主要来源。21世纪以来,新活性天然产物的挖掘速度急剧放缓,而对于活性天然产物的需求却在不断增多,因此迫切需要开发出新型的活性天然产物。沙漠是地球上最大的陆地生态系统,并且由于其昼夜温差大、低水活性、养分匮乏、高强的紫外线辐射等非生物因子胁迫条件下,生存其中的微生物由于其特殊的生态适应性可能进化出特殊的生理生化途径,产生结构新颖的活性天然产物。本文主要综述了近年来沙漠微生物来源的抗菌活性、抗辐射抗氧化活性和抗肿瘤抗癌活性天然产物研究现状,为微生物活性天然产物的开发应用提供指引和参考。 相似文献
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测定了枯草芽孢杆菌fmbJ株产生的新型抗微生物物质的体外抗新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus,NDV)lasota株、传染性法式囊病病毒(Infectious Bursal Disease Virus,IBDV)哈尔滨(H)株作用。结果表明该新型抗微生物物质对鸡胚成纤维(Chicken Embryo Fibroblasts,CEF)细胞的TD50和TD0分别为128.95mg/L、25.79mg/L;对NDVlasota株、IBDV H株所致细胞病变效应有明显的抑制作用,可使细胞存活率显著升高;该抗微生物物质具有抗NDVlasota株、IBDV H株作用;并具有预防其感染及抑制其复制的作用。其抗病毒作用效果和病毒唑相当,由于其对CEF细胞的毒性较弱,可作为一种抗病毒药物进行开发研究。 相似文献
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多孔板-MTF比色法测定植物和微生物代谢产物对真菌抑制活性的步骤为:在多孔板的每孔中依次加入浓度为105孢子/mL的供试真菌孢子悬液90μL,不同浓度的药液10 μL.25℃暗培养48 h,然后每孔中加入8mg/mL的MTT溶液10μL,继续培养10 h后,离心去上清,加入DMS0 150 μL,振荡30 min,离心后上清液在510nm测定吸光值.采用上述条件测定了白屈菜红碱对稻瘟病菌和西瓜枯萎病菌的MIC值分别为80和1.5μg/mL,IC50值分别为21.99和0.78 μg/mL;Diepoxinζ对稻瘟病菌的MIC和IC50值分别为200和96.21 μg/mL.多孔板-MTT比色法为快速有效地筛选和评价植物和微生物抗真菌活性成分创造了条件. 相似文献
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本文研究了广西龙胜县里骆林区、宜山县庆远林区、岑溪县七坪林区和田林县老山林区四种不同生态地理区域杉木人工林土壤微生物及其生化活性。研究结果表明:1.土壤微生物的总数及各类群数量均以龙胜县里骆林区和田林县老山林区杉木人工林土壤最高,岑溪县七坪林区次之,宜山县庆远林区最低。2.土壤生化活性包括土壤氮的转化强度,土壤碳的氧化代谢能力和土壤酶活性,也均以龙胜县里骆林区和田林县老山林区杉木人工林土壤最强,岑溪县七坪林区次之,宜山县庆远林区最弱。3.四种不同生态地理区域杉木人工林生长状况与土壤微生物的数量分布和生化活性表现相似规律,龙胜县里骆林区和田林县老山林区杉木人工林林木生长最好,岑溪县七坪林区次之,宜山县庆远林区最差。 相似文献
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杨树菇凝集素AAVP具有抗病毒和促进菌丝分化功能 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
杨树菇凝集素 (AAVP)是一种新的真菌凝集素 .用半叶法检测证明 ,AAVP具有抑制烟草花叶病毒 (TMV)侵染的活性 .等电聚焦法证实了AAVP可以与TMV的外壳蛋白结合 .用滤纸圆片法检测 ,AAVP对 3种植物病原真菌没有抑制作用 .AAVP滴加在菌丝的表面 ,显著地促进了杨树菇和毛木耳的菌丝分化 ,促进子实体的形成 .Western印迹表明 ,AAVP存在于菌丝、菌柄和菌盖等组织中 ;假猴头 ,香菇 ,草菇 ,杏孢菇 ,灵芝等大型真菌的子实体中存在着多种与AAVP的抗血清有交叉反应的蛋白质 .大多数大型真菌中可能存在着与AAVP具有相似血清学特征的蛋白质家族 ,在防御反应及菌丝分化等多种生理过程中发挥重要的作用 相似文献
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Natural products are considered a good choice in the biological control of mosquitoes because they are an effective way to eliminate larvae and prevent an increase in mosquito numbers, while simultaneously not polluting the environment or damaging health. This investigation was designed to study the potential toxicity of three species of algae, Caulerpa racemosa (Weber-van Bosse, 1909), Padina boryana (Thivy, 1966), and Turbinaria ornata (Turner J. Agardh, 1848), on the larvae of Aedes aegypti mosquito, the vector of dengue and Zika viruses. Among the studied species, Caulerpa racemosa showed the greatest effectiveness in eradicating A. aegypti larvae with an LC50 = 43.5 ppm, followed by Padina boryana with an LC50 = 51.93 ppm. Both species proved to be excellent candidates as a source of larvicidal agents and could be used commercially in mosquito control programs as eco-friendly biopesticides. The combined activity of different mixtures against mosquito larvae was expressed as the coeffective factor (C.F.). C.F. values showed that the joint activity of insect growth regulator Dudim in combination with Caulerpa racemosa and Padina boryana extracts produced degrees of potentiation effects and degrees of additive effects were obtained with Dudim in combination with Turbinaria ornata extract. 相似文献
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天然产物抗幽门螺杆菌感染的研究现状 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
近年来,由于幽门螺杆菌耐药性增加,研究新的抗幽门螺杆菌药物成为一项重要研究课题。国内外学者已开始从天然产物中筛选新的抗幽门螺杆菌活性物质,希望为幽门螺杆菌感染治疗开辟一条新的途径。本文就天然产物抗幽门螺杆菌感染研究现状作一综述。 相似文献
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为探索拟黄花乌头 Aconitum anthoroideum DC. 作为生物农药的应用价值,以拟黄花乌头整株为研究对象,在活性跟踪的基础上,综合应用硅胶柱层析、ODS、Sephadex LH-20等方法对拟黄花乌头甲醇粗提物进行分离纯化,从中分离得到了4个生物碱类化合物,分别为4-hydroxynicotinic acid methyl ester (1)、Ranaconitine (2)、Lappaconitine (3)、13-hydroxylappaconitine (4),其中4-hydroxynicotinic acid methyl ester为首次从天然产物中分离得到。采用点滴法测定4个化合物对褐飞虱 Nilaparvata lugens Stal和白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera Horvath的触杀活性,结果表明4种化合物对褐飞虱和白背飞虱具有显著的触杀活性,处理后48 h的LD50 分别为0.26~0.38 μg/头、0.25~0.33 μg/头。研究结果为进一步研究拟黄花乌头中的杀虫活性成分提供基础数据。 相似文献
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Yingwu Chen Song Zhang Yuee Tian Xiaobo Huang Lin Zhou Shengming Liu Genqiang Chen Zhiping Che 《化学与生物多样性》2023,20(7):e202300607
Using cinchona alkaloid as the lead compound, twenty-four cinchona alkaloid sulfonate derivatives ( 1 a – l , 2 a – c , 3 a – c , 4 a – c , and 5 a – c ) were designed and prepared by modifying their C9 position, and structurally confirmed by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HR-MS and melting points. Moreover, the stereochemical configurations of compounds 1 f and 1 l were unambiguously confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, we determined the anti-oomycete and anti-fungal activities of these target compounds against Phytophthora capsici and Fusarium graminearum in vitro. The results showed that two compounds 4 b and 4 c exhibited prominent anti-oomycete activity, and the median effective concentration (EC50) values of 4 b and 4 c against P. capsici were 22.55 and 16.32 mg/L, respectively. This study suggested that when the C9 position of cinchona alkaloid sulfonate derivatives is in the S configuration and the 6′-position methoxy group is not present, the anti-oomycete activity is superior. In addition, five compounds 1 e , 1 f , 1 k , 3 c and 4 c displayed significant anti-fungal activity, with EC50 values of 43.64, 45.07, 80.18, 48.58 and 41.88 mg/L against F. graminearum, respectively. This result indicates that only when a specific substituent is introduced into the structural framework of the target compound, the corresponding compound exhibits significant inhibitory activity against fungi. 相似文献
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Marine Sponges as Pharmacy 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Sipkema D Franssen MC Osinga R Tramper J Wijffels RH 《Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.)》2005,7(3):142-162
Marine sponges have been considered as a gold mine during the past 50 years, with respect to the diversity of their secondary metabolites. The biological effects of new metabolites from sponges have been reported in hundreds of scientific papers, and they are reviewed here. Sponges have the potential to provide future drugs against important diseases, such as cancer, a range of viral diseases, malaria, and inflammations. Although the molecular mode of action of most metabolites is still unclear, for a substantial number of compounds the mechanisms by which they interfere with the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases have been reported. This knowledge is one of the key factors necessary to transform bioactive compounds into medicines. Sponges produce a plethora of chemical compounds with widely varying carbon skeletons, which have been found to interfere with pathogenesis at many different points. The fact that a particular disease can be fought at different points increases the chance of developing selective drugs for specific targets. 相似文献
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从我国云南楚雄地区采集的土样中分离到一株放线菌纲的链霉菌(Streptomyces sp.)HBERC-57169,农药活性测定发现其发酵粗提物对多种农作物病原真菌具有很强的抗菌活性。对HPLC半制备组分进行农药活性测定明确了活性物质的出峰时间及其紫外、质谱特征。根据UPLC-MS图谱特征确定了活性物质的分子离子峰及分子量,结合UV吸收光谱及文献数据,初步确定其为一大环内酯类化合物子囊霉素(ascomycin)。对发酵提取物进行HPLC制备后,获得了纯度在95%以上的纯品,农药活性测定结果显示,其对多种农作物病原真菌的抑制活性很强,MIC值达到1.56~25.0 μg/mL。 相似文献