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1.
【背景】蚧虫是半翅目胸喙亚目蚧总科下的一类昆虫的总称。蚧虫个体小、食性广,极易随货物扩散传播。【方法】分别从疫情概况、截获种类、产地、截获载体、截获年份等方面对10年来我国各口岸截获蚧虫的信息数据进行了比对和统计,并对之前容易被忽视的非检疫性蚧虫疫情进行了统计和分析。【结果】2005年以来,我国从进口植物和植物产品中截获蚧虫共计171978批次,其中,检疫性蚧虫12种共7071批次;南洋臀纹粉蚧截获量最大,达2848批次,大洋臀纹粉蚧次之,为2442批次,第3是新菠萝灰粉蚧,为1714批次。东南亚是蚧虫的主要来源地,截获量居前3位的蚧类几乎都来自该地区;水果是截获蚧虫的主要载体,占所有植物及植物产品总截获量的99.0%;总体来看,蚧虫截获量从2006年开始逐年下降,到2010年后又呈暴发性上升趋势。比较3种截获量较大的蚧虫发现,2005~2008年,截获主要以南洋臀纹粉蚧为主;自2009年起,大洋臀纹粉蚧截获量逐年上升,成为截获量最多的蚧虫;2011年以来,新菠萝灰粉蚧截获量激增。2005年至今,我国口岸共截获其他非检疫性蚧类68797批次,鉴定到种的有46个属105种共68712批次,其中,在我国内陆地区尚未报道的有23个种,入侵风险高,需要引起重视。【结论与意义】了解我国口岸蚧类害虫截获情况,有利于针对性地开展疫情检疫与监测,有效防范蚧类害虫的传入与扩散。  相似文献   

2.
【目的】国际航行船舶可携带多种植物疫情,造成有害生物入侵。分析进境近海小型国际航行船舶携带有害生物疫情,能够为对该类船舶开展针对性检疫查验提供依据。【方法】对台州口岸进境小型国际航行船舶的概况、食品舱卫生状况和携带有害生物种类、来源进行调查和数据分析。【结果】2015—2016年调查了3193艘次船舶,共截获有害生物686种次,其中87.5%是昆虫类,截获比例最高时期为6—8月,55.9%的有害生物在干货类食品中截获,食品舱卫生差的船舶中有害生物检出比率为36.1%。【结论】进境近海小型国际航行携带有害生物情况严重,有害生物的发生具明显的季节性,食品舱卫生状况与有害生物携带风险密切相关,应采取有效的检疫措施。  相似文献   

3.
【目的】了解我国口岸截获的检疫性蚧类害虫情况,为口岸进一步做好植物检疫工作提供参考。【方法】收集整理2010—2019年口岸截获蚧类害虫数据,重点统计分析被截获蚧类害虫种类、时间、数量、寄主、来源地的变化和关系。【结果】2010—2019年,我国各口岸共截获检疫性蚧类害虫24541种次,年截获种次总体呈上升的趋势。截获检疫性蚧类害虫共有12种,截获频率最高的3种为无花果蜡蚧、松突圆蚧和扶桑绵粉蚧。截获该类害虫数量最多的3个关区为深圳关、南宁关和上海关。货物检疫为主要截获途径,主要截获寄主植物为榴梿、香蕉、红毛丹、番荔枝。截获货物来源地为除南极洲以外六大洲的49个国家或地区,其中尤以东南亚为主,代表国家包括泰国、越南和菲律宾。【结论】蚧类害虫的截获与进口水果贸易密切相关,在相关贸易量不断增加的背景下,应警惕蚧类害虫疫情持续传入我国的风险,建议有关部门进一步完善检疫管理体系,提升检测和监测技术水平,加强检疫处置能力。  相似文献   

4.
【目的】新菠萝灰粉蚧Dysmicoccus neobrevipes Beardsley是近年来口岸中经常截获的检疫性有害生物,其与近似种形态差异小,极易随进境果蔬及种苗传播蔓延,但却难以快速准确鉴定。【方法】以新菠萝灰粉蚧为靶标,进境水果中常截获的其他6种粉蚧为对照,利用扩增粉蚧的28SrDNA通用引物扩增7种粉蚧基因部分序列,同时应用Primer Premier 5软件设计新菠萝灰粉蚧28S rDNA种特异引物1对(D.neo-28SF/R)。【结果】获得了新菠萝灰粉蚧及其他6种粉蚧的28SrDNA基因部分序列;种特异引物(D.neo-28SF/R)能稳定扩增出片段大小为235 bp条带,且该引物只对新菠萝灰粉蚧具有扩增能力,对其他6种粉蚧不具有扩增效果;对不同寄主来源新菠萝灰粉蚧亦具有同样的扩增效能。【结论】利用基于28S rDNA种特异性PCR方法,建立了新菠萝灰粉蚁快速分子检测技术。该技术方法完全可用于新菠萝灰粉蚧的准确识别,对有效阻截其进一步扩张蔓延具有重要实践意义。  相似文献   

5.
【目的】口岸截获有害生物的数据分析可为进境农林产品检疫监管提供依据。【方法】对澳大利亚自2010至2015年输华农林产品及其入境口岸有害生物截获情况做综合分析。【结果】2010—2015年从澳大利亚输华农林产品货物中截获各类检疫性有害生物115种。其中,粮谷中以截获的杂草种类和截获频次最多,分别达到59种和31801批次;木材及木制品中以截获的蠹虫最多,达43种,共2456批次;从水果和种苗中截获病原菌6种,共79批次。另外,从入境旅客携带物中共截获检疫性有害生物9种,共66批次。【结论】澳大利亚输华农林产品可携带的检疫性有害生物自口岸传入的风险较高,相关部门应加强口岸检疫工作。  相似文献   

6.
大洋臀纹粉蚧Planococcus minor Maskell和南洋臀纹粉蚧P.lilacinus Cockerell是我国有重要检疫意义的有害生物。这两种粉蚧从东盟进口水果口岸检疫中频繁截获,且已在广东、海南、云南等地发现大洋臀纹粉蚧入侵,这对我国热带、亚热带的水果和观赏植物等已构成严重威胁。本研究以大洋臀纹粉蚧和南洋臀纹粉蚧在国内外的分布数据为基础,利用Maxent生态位模型和Arc GIS对两种粉蚧在中国的潜在适生区进行预测。预测结果表明,大洋臀纹粉蚧和南洋臀纹粉蚧的适生区主要分布在长江流域以南地区,其适生区面积分别占全国面积的22.14%、18.17%,其中高度适生区域集中分布在广西、广东、云南、福建、四川、台湾、海南等地区,与我国热带水果的主要种植区域具有高度的一致性。大洋臀纹粉蚧已成功入侵,一旦南洋臀纹粉蚧传入便可迅速扩散蔓延,并对我国热带水果生产造成严重危害。因此,各口岸应加强对东盟进口水果的检验检疫,预防其新的进入和扩散。  相似文献   

7.
【目的】芒果象属昆虫是我国禁止进境的植物检疫性有害生物,广泛分布于非洲、北美洲和东南亚,寄主为芒果。其生活隐蔽,羽化孔未出现时看不出危害状,危害率可达30%~80%,严重影响芒果的产量和质量。近年来,我国口岸截获的芒果象甲的数量日益增多,表明该类检疫性有害生物传入我国的风险越来越大。【方法】运用Microsoft Excel工作表对2003—2015年全国口岸截获芒果象属有害生物的疫情进行统计分析。【结果】2003—2015年全国口岸共截获芒果象4156批次,22个直属局有截获记录。其中,截获芒果果核象甲3028批次,数量最多,占截获芒果象总批次的72.86%;芒果果实象甲和芒果果肉象甲相对较少,分别为837和291批次。截获芒果象的来源国主要为非洲和东南亚芒果象疫情分布国家和地区,且主要自进境旅客随身携带物中检出。【结论】我国口岸应加大对芒果象的检疫力度,保护我国农林业生产安全。  相似文献   

8.
【目的】粉蚧是一类重要的世界性检疫性害虫,对果蔬产业以及水果的进出口贸易造成了巨大威胁。通常,口岸截获的粉蚧多为若虫或残体,加之隐存种的存在和较小的近缘种间差异,严重影响了基于形态学特征的粉蚧类害虫识别鉴定的准确性和及时性。本研究旨在明确DNA条形码技术对重大潜在入侵害虫大洋臀纹粉蚧Planococcus minor(Maskell)的鉴定有效性。【方法】以旅检截获的36头大洋臀纹粉蚧为对象、其近缘种柑橘臀纹粉蚧Pl.citri(Risso)为参照,以线粒体COI基因5'端和3'端序列以及核糖体28S r DNA D2-D3区段序列为分子标记进行比对分析,以K-2-P模型计算种内种间遗传距离,以最大似然法(maximum likelihood,ML)构建进化树并进行系统发育分析,同时利用Species Identifier物种识别软件评价3种基因片段对大洋臀纹粉蚧的鉴定效果。【结果】当分别以COI基因5'端和3'端序列为分子标记时,截获大洋臀纹粉蚧的碱基序列与NCBI中大洋臀纹粉蚧的序列一致性分别为100%和99%~100%,而与近缘种柑橘臀纹粉蚧COI基因5'端和3'端的核苷酸序列一致性分别为97%~98%和96%~98%;且大洋臀纹粉蚧和柑橘臀纹粉蚧分别存在5个和11个稳定的物种特异性识别位点;系统发育分析显示,截获的大洋臀纹粉蚧均与数据库中的大洋臀纹粉蚧聚为一支。当以28S r DNA D2-D3区段序列为分子标记时,臀纹粉蚧属各物种间高度保守,无法区分大洋臀纹粉蚧与其近缘种柑橘臀纹粉蚧;种间遗传距离仅为0.004。此外,物种识别软件评价结果显示,基于COI基因5'端和3'端序列的鉴定结果完全正确,而基于28S r DNA D2-D3区段序列的鉴定结果却存在45.2%~61.9%的模糊鉴定。【结论】基于COI基因5'端和3'端的DNA条形码技术完全可用于大洋臀纹粉蚧的快速准确鉴定及检测,对有效阻截其入侵和进一步扩散蔓延意义重大。  相似文献   

9.
【目的】云南是外来入侵生物的重灾区,了解外来有害生物入侵现状、加强防控尤为紧迫。【方法】从入侵云南外来有害生物类别、入侵途径、造成的损失等方面对云南省外来有害生物的入侵现状进行了阐述,对云南口岸疫情进行统计分析。【结果】按进境检疫物上截获有害生物批次及疫情货物批次统计的国家主要为缅甸、老挝、泰国、越南、荷兰5个国家;按检疫方式分类统计,货检截获批次最多,旅检次之,二者之和占总截获批次的99%;按有害生物类别分类统计,昆虫截获最多,占总截获批次的70.0%至73.9%,杂草、真菌居次,细菌、线虫、病毒、螨类、其他又次之;按货物类别统计,截获有害生物批次最多为粮豆类,占总截获批次的46%。【结论】提出了相应的检疫监管对策与建议,以期为口岸检疫提供参考,降低外来有害生物的入侵风险。  相似文献   

10.
【目的】了解台湾蔬菜有害生物的入境风险,阐明加强口岸检验检疫的对策措施。【方法】对全国口岸2014—2019年6月台湾新鲜蔬菜和蔬菜种子的入境口岸、截获的有害生物及寄主情况进行统计和分析。【结果】入境台湾新鲜蔬菜仅有3批次,均没有截获疫情。入境台湾蔬菜种子截获各类有害生物48种496种次,其中真菌454种次,病毒2种次,细菌1种次,害虫2种次,杂草37种次,携带土壤1种次。【结论】入境台湾蔬菜种子携带有害生物种类繁多,但检疫性有害生物种类集中,应加强入境台湾蔬菜口岸检验检疫的对策措施,包括加强法规宣传、了解疫情动态、强化检疫工作等。  相似文献   

11.
Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) are pests constraining the international trade of Brazilian table grapes. They damage grapes by transmitting viruses and toxins, causing defoliation, chlorosis, and vigor losses and favoring the development of sooty mold. Difficulties in mealybug identification remain an obstacle to the adequate management of these pests. In this study, our primary aim was to identify the principal mealybug species infesting the major table grape-producing regions in Brazil, by morphological and molecular characterization. Our secondary aim was to develop a rapid identification kit based on species-specific Polymerase Chain Reactions, to facilitate the routine identification of the most common pest species. We surveyed 40 sites infested with mealybugs and identified 17 species: Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell), Dysmicoccus sylvarum Williams and Granara de Willink, Dysmicoccus texensis (Tinsley), Ferrisia cristinae Kaydan and Gullan, Ferrisia meridionalis Williams, Ferrisia terani Williams and Granara de Willink, Phenacoccus baccharidis Williams, Phenacoccus parvus Morrison, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, Planococcus citri (Risso), Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret), Pseudococcus cryptus Hempel, four taxa closely related each of to Pseudococcus viburni, Pseudococcus sociabilis Hambleton, Pseudococcus maritimus (Ehrhorn) and Pseudococcus meridionalis Prado, and one specimen from the genus Pseudococcus Westwood. The PCR method developed effectively identified five mealybug species of economic interest on grape in Brazil: D. brevipes, Pl. citri, Ps. viburni, Ph. solenopsis and Planococcus ficus (Signoret). Nevertheless, it is not possible to assure that this procedure is reliable for taxa that have not been sampled already and might be very closely related to the target species.  相似文献   

12.
[目的] 小条实蝇属害虫原产非洲,在我国无分布且具有一定的入侵风险。分析该虫在我国口岸的截获情况,能更好地利用已知实蝇截获数据防范实蝇人为传播。[方法] 经动植物检验检疫信息资源共享服务平台查询,统计小条实蝇属的有害生物类别、截获途径及截获地区等。[结果] 全国口岸共截获8种共计524批次的小条实蝇属害虫;地中海实蝇的截获批次数最多,为415批次,为小条实蝇属截获率的79.2%;截获的种类最多的国家来自尼日利亚,5种;截获批次最多的国家为南非,71批次;截获方式最多的为旅客携带物,占总批次的68.3%;在我国口岸中,广东口岸截获批次最多,占总数的57.4%。[结论] 从今后防控的重点种类、加大查验力度、推广新技术在鉴定上的应用、应急预案等几个方面,加强针对该类有害生物的检验检疫措施。  相似文献   

13.
【目的】印度尼西亚与我国有着多元素的农产品贸易往来,通过统计印度尼西亚输华植物及植物产品所携带的有害生物,分析其对我国农产品进出口的影响,能为应对印度尼西亚技术性贸易措施提供思路,并为我国农产品企业"走出去"提供参考。【方法】经动植物检验检疫信息资源共享服务平台查询,统计印度尼西亚输华植物及植物产品所携带的有害生物类别、截获途径及截获地区。【结果】我国在印度尼西亚输华植物及植物产品中检出有害生物共计2512种96958批,鉴定至种且检出超过1000批次的有害生物共计14种,检疫性有害生物共计72种5286批。昆虫类有害生物占比达78.5%,检疫性昆虫达65.2%。【结论】在首要做好木材类有害生物检疫的同时,也需警惕一些非检疫性的仓储害虫,保持并加强南方各省份港口的有害生物查验力度,加强印度尼西亚输华货物的检疫。  相似文献   

14.
Hot water immersion and insecticidal coatings were tested to determine if they could be used to disinfest Persian limes, Citrus latifolia Tanaka, of the mealybug pests Planococcus citri Risso and Pseudococcus odermatti Miller & Williams. A 20-min 49 degrees C hot water immersion treatment is effective in killing mealybugs and all other arthropods tested found externally on limes, or under the calyx. No insects or mites were found to survive after the 20-min hot water treatment. In this test, 7,200 limes were treated with 1,308 insects killed and zero survivors. Treatment at 49 degrees C for 20 min did not significantly affect quality when treated fruit were compared with untreated control fruit. Four coatings were tested at a 3% rate: two petroleum-based oils (Ampol and Sunspray oil), a vegetable oil (natural oil), and a soap (Mpede). The coatings gave up to 94% kill (Ampol) of mealybugs, which is not sufficient to provide quarantine security. The coatings might be effective as a postharvest dip before shipment.  相似文献   

15.
【目的】明确北京口岸从泰国进口的红毛丹果实表皮中检出活体粉蚧的种类及其分类地位、分布、潜在入侵危害性等情况。【方法】通过形态特征和DNA条形码技术对截获样本进行比对鉴定,并结合相关文献对其进行综合分析。【结果】该粉蚧为多孔曼粉蚧Maconellicoccus multipori(Takahashi,1951),隶属于半翅目Hemiptera粉蚧科Pseudococcidae蔓粉蚧属Maconellicoccus。同时详细介绍了该粉蚧的形态特征,以及我国口岸对曼粉蚧属的截获情况,讨论了多孔曼粉蚧的检疫意义。【结论】口岸应对该虫引起足够的重视,加强针对该虫的检疫措施,严防该虫入侵我国。  相似文献   

16.
From 2013 to 2018, surveys were conducted in counties not previously surveyed in order to determine species of mealybugs present in the cocoa orchard in Côte d'Ivoire as well as their abundance according to the age of cocoa trees. Immature and mature cocoa trees were inspected to hand‐height in 5 and 29 counties infected with Cacao swollen shoot virus (CSSV). In each cocoa farm, mealybugs were searched for on fruits, leaves, flowers, twigs and trunks. Mealybug species were identified, and colonies were counted. Five mealybug species were identified on immature cocoa trees: Ferrisia virgata, Formicococcus njalensis, Planococcus citri, Planococcus kenyae and Pseudococcus longispinus. In addition to these species, four species, Dysmicoccus brevipes, Maconellicoccus hirsutus, Phenacoccus hargreavesi and Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi were identified on mature cocoa trees. On immature cocoa trees, Fo. Njalensis, Pl. citri and Ps. longispinus comprised were, respectively, 35%, 33% and 19% of colonies, respectively. On mature cocoa trees, Fo. Njalensis and Pl. citri comprised 63.2% and 21.0%, and others species 15.8%. Nevertheless, the abundance of mealybug species varied according to the age of cocoa trees. The preferred organs of mealybugs were pods (74.1%) followed by twigs (13.4%) and flowers (7.4%). Previously, the mealybug Paracoccus burnerae (Brain) was found on Theobroma cacao, which is the first record for this species in Côte d'Ivoire and on this host‐plant.  相似文献   

17.
Associations between Sternorrhyncha insects and intracellular bacteria are common in nature. Mealybugs are destructive pests that seriously threaten the production of agriculture and forestry. Mealybugs have evolved intimate endosymbiotic relationships with bacteria, which provide them with essential amino acids, vitamins, and other nutrients. In this study, the divergence of five mealybugs was analyzed based up the sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI). Meanwhile, the distinct regions of the 16S rRNA gene of primary symbionts in the mealybugs were sequenced. Finally, high‐throughput sequencing (HTS) techniques were used to study the microbial abundance and diversity in mealybugs. Molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that these five mealybugs were subdivided into two different clusters. One cluster of mealybugs (Dysmicoccus neobrevipes, Pseudococcus comstocki, and Planococcus minor) harbored the primary endosymbiont “Candidatus Tremblaya princeps,” and another cluster (Phenacoccus solenopsis and Phenacoccus solani) harbored “Ca. Tremblaya phenacola.” The mtCOI sequence divergence between the two clusters was similar to the 16S rRNA sequence divergence between T. princeps and T. phenacola. Thus, we concluded that the symbiont phylogeny was largely concordant with the host phylogeny. The HTS showed that the microbial abundance and diversity within P. solani and P. solenopsis were highly similar, and there was lower overall species richness compared to the other mealybugs. Among the five mealybugs, we also found significant differences in Shannon diversity and observed species. These results provide a theoretical basis for further research on the coevolution of mealybugs and their symbiotic microorganisms. These findings are also useful for research on the effect of symbiont diversity on the pest status of mealybugs in agricultural systems.  相似文献   

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