白赤箭,中国大陆天麻属新记录种（英文）

报道了中国大陆兰科(Orchidaceae)一新记录种:白赤箭(Gastrodia albida T.C.Hsu & C.M.Kuo)。该种在广东省两个省级自然保护区内均有发现,凭证标本保存于中国科学院华南植物园标本馆(IBSC)。白赤箭以花被管具疣状突起,侧瓣大部分分离,唇瓣基部平截,合蕊柱无蕊喙而与同属其他种类相区别。提供了该种的特征描述、彩色照片及分类学信息。     

广东常山,广东绣球花科一新种

首次发现并描述了中国广东省的绣球花科(Hydrangeaceae)常山属(Dichroa)一新种:广东常山(D.fistulosa)。该种具有空心的茎,这在常山属中是唯一的。该种与海南常山(D.mollissima)相似,但可以通过其叶上的毛被来区分。该种亦与菲律宾常山(D.philippinensis)相似,但其叶的形状及锯齿明显不同。     

广东常山,广东绣球花科一新种（英文）

首次发现并描述了中国广东省的绣球花科(Hydrangeaceae)常山属(Dichroa)一新种:广东常山(D.fistulosa)。该种具有空心的茎,这在常山属中是唯一的。该种与海南常山(D.mollissima)相似,但可以通过其叶上的毛被来区分。该种亦与菲律宾常山(D.philippinensis)相似,但其叶的形状及锯齿明显不同。     

雌性虎纹毛园蛛和雄性浦那毛园蛛的新发现(蜘蛛目:园蛛科)（英文）

首次报道了虎纹毛园蛛Eriovixia huwena HanZhu,2010的雌性和浦那毛园蛛E.poonaensis(TikaderBal,1981)的雄性。标本保存于铜仁学院博物馆(MTU)。虎纹毛园蛛Eriovixia huwena HanZhu,2010(图1~6)鉴别特征:该种的体形及斑纹与尖腹毛园蛛E.pseudocentrodes(B9senbergStrand,1906)较类似,区别在于:1)该种的顶突呈楔状,后者的顶突略呈长方形;2)该种的纳精囊呈肾形,后者的纳精囊呈卵圆形;3)该种的交媾管在靠近纳精囊的一端膨大,后者交媾管不膨大。浦那毛园蛛Eriovixia poonaensis(TikaderBal,1981)(图7~12)鉴别特征:该种的外形及生殖器与拖尾毛园蛛E.laglaizei(Simon,1877)均有相似之处,区别在于:1)该种的腹部末端没有尾状突,后者腹部末端具尾状突;2)该种触肢器中突的左、右两叉约等宽,后者中突的右叉约为左叉的2倍宽;3)该种的纳精囊呈球形,后者的纳精囊呈卵圆形。     

中国莎草属一新记录种——箱根莎草

该文报道了中国莎草属(Cyperus)一新记录种——箱根莎草(C. hakonensis Franch.Sav.),丰富了该种形态特征的中文描述并补充了该种的植物解剖图。该种的主要特征是小穗淡绿色,宽约2 mm。鳞片先端具外弯的短尖,中间具龙骨状突起,淡绿色,两侧边缘膜质透明,果实表面光滑。凭证标本存于山东药品食品职业学院标本馆(SDFH)中。     

那坡凤仙花,越南凤仙花科新记录

报道了越南凤仙花科(Balsaminaceae)1新记录种:那坡凤仙花(Impatiens napoensis Y.L.Chen)。该种产自越南北部河江省(Ha Giang)的Quan Ba地区,凭证标本保存在越南科学技术院生态和生物资源研究所标本馆(HN)和中国科学院华南植物园标本馆(IBSC)。提供了该种的描述、彩色照片、生态学、花果期等信息。     

中国竹飞虱属分类研究(半翅目,蜡蝉总科,飞虱科)

整理记述中国飞虱科竹飞虱属Bambusiphaga Huang et Ding 14种.研究发现丁锦华、黄其林(1979)对该属模式种黑斑竹飞虱B.nigripunctata雄性外生殖器阳茎结构的图示与王金川、丁锦华(1996)在<甘肃飞虱>中对该种阳茎结构的记述及图示不同,通过解剖西北农林科技大学昆虫?骀 博物馆馆藏的该种标本,发现其阳茎结构与王金川、丁锦华(1996)记述及图示的阳茎结构相同,在检查了该种的模式标本后,确认丁锦华、黄其林(1979)图示的雄性外生殖器阳茎结构并非本种.本文对该种雄性外生殖器结构作了重新描记,并绘制了该种成虫及雄性外生殖器鉴别特征图.文中还建立1个新组合:B.bakeri(Muir)nov.comb.及2个新异名:B.membranacea Yang et Yang,1986为B.furca Huang et Ding,1979的异名;B.latispina Qin et Yuan,1999为B.bakeri(Muir,1919)的异名.文中还提供了该属所有中国种类的检索表.     

陕西省芍药科一新分布种—卵叶牡丹

报道了陕西省芍药科(Paeoniaceae)芍药属(Paeonia)一新分布种——卵叶牡丹(Paeonia qiui Y.L.Pei et D.Y.Hong),该种分布于陕西省境内的安康市旬阳县(109°19.467′E,32°59.100′N),本次发现将中国该种自然分布区的经度向西推移了2°(约200km)。凭证标本现收藏于西北农林科技大学植物标本馆(WUK)。     

三岛球兰,中国夹竹桃科一新记录种

报道了中国夹竹桃科(Apocynaceae)球兰属(Hoya R.Br.)一新记录种:三岛球兰(H.tamdaoensis RoddaT.B.Tran)。该种产于广西那坡县,生于石灰岩常绿阔叶林中。对其形态学特征进行了描述,补充了该种发表时未曾描述的果实和种子特征,并提供图版以方便鉴别。凭证标本存放于广西药用植物园标本馆(GXMG)。     

中国毛茛科分布新记录种——垂萼银莲花

该文首次报道了毛茛科银莲花属植物垂萼银莲花(Anemone pendulisepala Y.N.Lee)在中国的分布,提供了该种的中文形态描述,并简要讨论了该种的系统学地位与命名问题。     

甘肃扁蓿豆属(豆科)一新变种——天祝扁蓿豆

该文描述了甘肃东祁连山发现的豆科( Leguminosae)扁蓿豆属( Melilotoides)一新变种———天祝扁蓿豆(Melilotoides ruthenica var. tianhzhuensis C. L. Xu )。该变种植株节间(3~18 mm)短于原变种(30~65 mm);叶片小于原变种;小叶宽卵形或倒卵形;花冠外部(背部)和内部(腹部)均为黄色,且不带紫色和条纹。上述特征与原变种明显不同,易于区别。     

Genetic differentiation between Coffea liberica var. liberica and C. liberica var. Dewevrei and comparison with C. canephora

Coffea liberica Hiern includes C. liberica var. liberica (LIB) from western Africa and C. liberica var. dewevrei (DEW) from central Africa. This geographical distribution also includes cultivated C. canephora for which a within-species clustering in two interfertile groups is known. In this study, genetic differentiation between LIB and DEW was evaluated on the basis of morphological traits, molecular markers (AFLP) and male fertility of F1 hybrids. The results were also compared with the within-species differentiation in C. canephora. The morphological traits differed significantly but the distributions overlapped. By contrast, LIB and DEW constituted two distinct groups with high genetic differentiation (G_st=0.25) when using AFLP markers. In addition, the pollen viability of F1 hybrids between LIB and DEW was weak (44.2%) and similar to interspecific C. canephora x DEW F1 hybrids or C. canephora x LIB F1 hybrids, indicating that there are marked reproductive barriers between LIB and DEW.     

Cold-sensitive chromosome regions and heterochromatin inCestrum (Solanaceae):C. strigillatum,C. fasciculatum,andC. elegans

Cold-induced mitotic under-condensation of certain chromosome segments is a rare phenomenon in plants. There are about 11 genera of monocotyledons and only 3 of dicotyledons, where species are known to have such cold-sensitive regions (CSRs). The molecular causes of cold-induced undercondensation are not clear, and no consistent cytochemical characteristics of CSRs are known. Recently we have presented a chromosome banding analysis on CSRs and their relation to constitutive heterochromatin inCestrum parqui (Solanaceae), a species of sect.Cestrum. The present study is concerned with a similar analysis inC. strigillatum of sect.Cestrum, and inC. fasciculatum andC. elegans of sect.Habrothamnus. Chromomycin/DAPI fluorescent double staining, sequential C-banding, and sequential silver impregnation were applied. The species differ in detail but are similar qualitatively. Four classes of heterochromatin can be discriminated. (1) CSRs, with banding properties indicating AT-rich constitutive heterochromatin. After cold-treatment CSR heterochromatin can be silver-impregnated from interphase, as chromocentres, to metaphase, as undercondensed segments. CSRs are subject to frequent heteromorphy. (2) Nucleolar organizers. Two pairs were identified in the karyotypes. Banding properties indicate GC-rich heterochromatin. The nucleolar organizing regions are less evident and their silver-reducing capability reduces during metaphase. (3) Non-nucleolar CMA-positively fluorescing bands. These are minute, polymorphic, positively C-stained, and restricted to one or a few sites in the karyotypes. (4) Indifferently fluorescing, positively C-stained bands. They occur on centromeres, some chromosome ends, and clustered over the chromosome arms. They are mostly very delicate and do not resist harsh banding treatments. — The species investigated here andC. parqui resemble each other qualitatively in heterochromatin classes (1), (2), and (3), but differ much in banding properties of class (4). Therefore, heterochromatin characteristics in the genus are not so uniform as the present results inC. strigillatum, C. fasciculatum, andC. elegans appear to show.     

Three new species of Candida from apple cider: C. anglica, C. cidri and C. pomicola

Three new anamorphic ascomycetous yeasts are described: Candida anglica (type strain NRRL Y-27079, CBS 4262), Candida cidri (type strain NRRL Y-27078, CBS 4241), and Candida pomicola (type strain NRRL Y-27083, CBS 4242). These three species were isolated from cider produced in the United Kingdom, and their identification was determined from unique nucleotide sequences in the species-specific D1/D2 domain of large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA. Phylogenetic analysis of D1/D2 sequences placed C. anglica near Candida fragi, C. cidri near Pichia capsulata, and C. pomicola in the Pichia holstii clade.     

Carbon dioxide fixation by Chlorella kessleri, C. vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliquus and Spirulina sp. cultivated in flasks and vertical tubular photobioreactors

CO₂ at different concentrations were added to cultures of the eukaryotic microalgae, Chlorella kessleri, C. vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus, and the prokaryotic cyanobacterium, Spirulina sp., growing in flasks and in a photobioreactor. In each case, the best kinetics and carbon fixation rate were with a vertical tubular photobioreactor. Overall, Spirulina sp. had the highest rates. Spirulina sp., Sc. obliquus and C. vulgaris could grow with up to 18% CO₂.     

异角毛藻和平滑角毛藻的分类学修订

为了澄清异角毛藻和平滑角毛藻的分类学疑问,在广东南澳岛海域建立了单克隆培养株系,利用光学显微镜和电子显微镜技术,开展了基于生活史的连续形态学观察,发现粗大角毛的延伸方向易变,是不稳定特征,不宜继续赋予分类学价值。对核糖体大亚基编码基因的D1～D3区序列进行扩增和分析,结果异角毛藻和平滑角毛藻的目标基因序列基本一致,仅有1个平滑角毛藻株系存在2个差异碱基。因此,两者具有一致的系统学位置,属于同一物种,平滑角毛藻应该是异角毛藻的同种异名。     

国产鸡血藤属和崖豆藤属(豆科)的花粉形态及其系统学意义

为探讨国产豆科(Leguminosae)鸡血藤属(Callerya Endl.)和崖豆藤属(Millettia Wight et Arn.)的属间和属下分类,在扫描电镜下观察了鸡血藤属11种5变种和崖豆藤属6种2变种的花粉形态。结果表明,鸡血藤属和崖豆藤属植物的花粉都是3孔沟或3沟的单粒,辐射对称,赤道面观主要为类球形或近扁球形,极面观主要为圆形或圆状三角形。鸡血藤属植物的花粉大小为中等,而崖豆藤属的为小型。两属植物花粉的沟膜呈现或多或少的隆起或凹陷,附有细微的或粗糙的颗粒,花粉外壁纹饰可分为6种类型。花粉形态不支持Schot合并所有灰毛鸡血藤复合体中除了亮叶鸡血藤[C.nitida(Benth.)R.Geesink]与喙果鸡血藤[C.cochinchinensis(F.P.Metcalf)Z.WeiPedley]为灰毛鸡血藤[C.cinerea(Benth.)Schot]的观点,花粉大小支持将鸡血藤属从广义崖豆藤属中分离。     

DNA homology between Candida albicans strains: Evidence to justify the synonymous status of C. stellatoidea

Genetic relatedness between strains of C. albicans and C. stellatoidea was studied by measuring G + C content and overall sequence homology. G + C contents determined by high-performance liquid chromatography were 32.6 to 34.2% for 26 strains of C. albicans and 33.0 to 33.9% for eight strains of C. stellatoidea. DNA-DNA hybridization with two C. albicans and two C. stellatoidea probes revealed that all 34 test strains formed a single cluster in which the extents of hybridization with the heterologous probes ranged between 77.9 and 105.6% of those with the homologous probes. These results give support to the unification of C. albicans and C. stellatoidea into a single species.     

海南栽培肾茶的化学成分研究

为了解肾茶(Clerodendranthus spicatus)的化学成分,从海南栽培肾茶地上部分分离得到11个化合物,经波谱分析分别鉴定为:吐叶醇(1)、丁香脂素(2)、3,4-二羟基苯乙醇(3)、甜橙素(4)、5,6,7,4′-四甲氧基黄酮(5)、5-羟基-6,7,3′,4′-四甲氧基黄酮(6)、6-羟基-5,7,4′-三甲氧基黄酮(7)、5-羟基-6,7,3′,4′-四甲氧基黄烷酮(8)、3,3′,5-三羟基-4′,7-二甲氧基-二氢黄酮(9)、松脂素(10)和熊果酸(11)。化合物3、9和10为首次从肾茶中分离得到。对化合物1~6进行活性测试,结果表明化合物3~5对乙酰胆碱酯酶具有一定的抑制活性。