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1.
北京地区韭菜迟眼蕈蚊种群动态及越夏越冬场所调查研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
【目的】为明确北京地区不同栽培管理模式下韭菜田全年韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga种群动态的发生规律及其越夏越冬场所。【方法】分别在2014—2015年通过黄色板对露地和温室韭菜田块的韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫进行了监测,并通过挖根和网捕的方式调查韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的越夏越冬场所及虫态。【结果】北京地区,露地韭菜田块韭菜迟眼蕈蚊每年发生3~4代,温室内可全年发生,主要为害高峰期在春秋两季;韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫主要分布在0~5 cm的土壤深处;夏季韭菜迟眼蕈蚊虫口基数偏低,但主要在本地韭菜田块越夏;冬季韭菜迟眼蕈蚊主要以4龄老熟幼虫在鳞茎内或鳞茎附近的土壤中越冬。【结论】本研究阐明了北京地区不同栽培管理模式下,韭菜迟眼蕈蚊周年发生的种群动态规律及越夏越冬生物学特性,为韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的预测测报和综合防治提供理论参考依据。  相似文献   

2.
韭菜迟眼蕈蚊是我国韭菜生产中的重要害虫,各韭菜种植区均有发生。随着北方设施农业的迅速发展,良好的温室环境使韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的为害愈加严重,已成为制约韭菜种植业发展的重要因素。上世纪80年代,分类学家正式确定韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga是我国韭菜根蛆类害虫的优势物种,此后,在生物学、生理学、生态学等基础研究领域和防治方法等应用研究领域,有关韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的研究都取得了很大进展。本文全面总结了韭菜迟眼蕈蚊在我国各韭菜种植区及不同种植模式下的发生规律,详细叙述了农业、物理、生物、化学等相关防治措施,综合介绍了韭菜迟眼蕈蚊防治方法近二十年内的研究成果,对未来韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的综合治理方向进行了展望。  相似文献   

3.
危害西瓜幼苗的韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的生物学特性及防治   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
李红  朱芬  周兴苗  黎娜  雷朝亮 《昆虫知识》2007,44(6):834-836,F0004
韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga Yanget Zhang危害西瓜早春红玉幼苗的现象尚未见报道。观察记录韭菜迟眼蕈蚊以瓜类植物饲养的发育历期并进行田间药剂防治试验。结果表明:瓜类植物饲养条件下的韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫发育历期与已报道的以韭菜饲养条件下的发育历期基本一致,50%灭蝇胺可湿性粉剂和10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂1500倍防治韭菜迟眼蕈蚊效果较好,保苗率达97%。  相似文献   

4.
韭菜迟眼蕈蚊(Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang)是韭菜的重要害虫。为了摸清韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的发生规律,制订有效的防治对策,调查了韭菜迟眼蕈蚊在3种栽培模式(日光温室、塑料大棚、露地)中全年的种群动态,结合温度数据分析了韭菜迟眼蕈蚊种群数量与温度间的关系。结果表明,韭菜迟眼蕈蚊在日光温室中存在明显的春、秋、冬季高峰期及夏季低谷期,在塑料大棚和露地中存在明显的春、秋季高峰期及冬、夏季低谷期,且夏季的低谷出现在夏季高温时期,越冬种群均以高龄幼虫为主。此外,种群数量与温度的相关性分析显示温度是决定韭菜迟眼蕈蚊种群数量的关键因素,高温对种群数量的增长具有显著的抑制作用。  相似文献   

5.
【目的】为开发防治韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga的生物杀虫剂,本研究评价了185株苏云金芽胞杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫的杀虫活性。【方法】采用浸叶饲喂法对供试菌株进行室内生物学测定,用盆栽试验对筛选到的对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊高毒力的FPT3菌株进行防效验证,通过SDS-PAGE电泳技术对FPT3菌株的杀虫晶体蛋白进行分析,并采用Biolog微生物自动分析系统对FPT3菌株进行了生理生化测定。【结果】在1×10~8 cfu/m L浓度下,对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊2龄幼虫3 d的校正死亡率在80%以上的菌株有12株,其中FPT3菌株对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊2龄幼虫的杀虫活性最高;FPT3菌株表达70 ku左右蛋白,具有典型的苏云金芽胞杆菌的生理生化特征;FPT3菌株对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊1龄和2龄幼虫具有较高的杀虫活性,LC_(50)分别为1.206×10~6 cfu/m L和2.577×10~6 cfu/mL,室内盆栽试验明确了FPT3菌株对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的防治效果达77.76%。【结论】FPT3菌株能有效地控制韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的发生,具有良好的应用前景。  相似文献   

6.
【目的】本研究旨在明确韭菜养根期干旱处理对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga种群动态的影响。【方法】通过控制浇水调控土壤含水量,调查15, 20, 25和30 d干旱胁迫下砂土和壤土栽培的韭菜中韭菜迟眼蕈蚊F1代成虫的发生量,并通过两性生命表方法分析干旱胁迫30 d对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊F1代种群参数的影响。【结果】研究结果表明,不论砂土还是壤土,干旱胁迫均抑制了韭菜迟眼蕈蚊F1代成虫的发生: 随干旱胁迫时间的增加,韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫的数量显著下降;其中干旱胁迫30 d时,韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫的发生量最低,壤土或砂土中的F1代成虫羽化量仅为1头,与其他干旱胁迫时间(15, 20和25 d)相比发生量差异显著。经历30 d干旱胁迫的韭菜迟眼蕈蚊F1代1, 2, 3和4龄幼虫发育历期、未成熟期、雌成虫产卵前期和总产卵前期较对照组显著延长,分别延长0.82, 253, 2.82, 0.68, 6.32, 1.36和8.69 d,而净生殖率(R0)、内禀增长率(rm)以及周限增长率(λ)则显著低于对照组,分别较对照组下降32.38%, 37.50%和5.13%。【结论】在韭菜养根期进行干旱处理可有效抑制韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的发生。  相似文献   

7.
韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang在湖北江汉平原韭菜集中产区危害严重。在湖北荆州地区于2013-2014年对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的田间种群动态进行了系统调查,发现该害虫一年发生春(3月中旬至5月上旬)、秋(9月中旬至翌年1月)2个危害高峰,但秋季危害高峰的危害期长且发生严重;夏季适温多雨导致韭蛆危害;幼虫最喜栖息和危害韭菜第一球茎,但秋季对白色茎的危害性增加;成虫可以在田间扩散,扩散时飞行高度主要在50 cm以上。因此,韭蛆在江汉平原地区韭菜的危害主要集中在秋季和冬初。  相似文献   

8.
【目的】为了揭示山东省韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang种群共生菌Wolbachia的感染率及其分类地位,探讨该共生菌对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的潜在影响。【方法】利用线粒体细胞色素氧化酶I(mt COI)基因引物(LCO1490/HCO2198),通过扩增测序和序列比对对采自山东省12个地区的根蛆种群进行了分类鉴定。在上述基础上,利用Wolbachia的16S r DNA和wsp基因特异引物(分别为16S-F/16S-R和81F/691R)对鉴别出的11个韭菜迟眼蕈蚊种群体内Wolbachia感染情况进行了PCR检测;对感染个体体内Wolbachia依据16S r DNA基因片段序列进行分类鉴定。【结果】山东省12个根蛆种群中,11个种群为韭菜迟眼蕈蚊种群。基于Wolbachia的16S r DNA基因特异引物检测结果发现,这些韭菜迟眼蕈蚊种群广泛感染Wolbachia(感染率为6.67%~93.33%),而利用wsp基因特异引物检测的感染率(0.00%~40.00%)相对较低些。基于Wolbachia的16S r DNA基因构建系统发育树表明,这些韭菜迟眼蕈蚊种群感染的Wolbachia全部属于A组。【结论】确定了Wolbachia在山东省韭菜迟眼蕈蚊体内的感染率及其分类地位,为研究Wolbachia对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊生物学及生态学的影响奠定了基础。  相似文献   

9.
【目的】明确韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysiaodoriphaga Yang et Zhang雌成虫对不同虫态的行为趋性及起作用的活性物质,为开发高效引诱剂诱杀成虫的绿色防控技术提供基础。【方法】采用Y型嗅觉仪测定未交配或已交配韭菜迟眼蕈蚊雌成虫对2龄幼虫、4龄幼虫、蛹和卵块挥发物的趋性,应用固相微萃取和气-质联用仪对有引诱活性虫态挥发物进行定性和定量分析,然后进一步采用Y型嗅觉仪测定不同化学成分及比例对雌虫的引诱活性。【结果】结果表明,未交配或者已交配韭菜迟眼蕈蚊雌成虫明显嗜好4龄幼虫,而对2龄幼虫、蛹和卵块无明显趋性。韭菜迟眼蕈蚊4龄幼虫体表挥发物主要成分是二丙基二硫醚和2,2-二甲基-1,3-噻烷等二硫化物,前者含量是后者的10倍。50 mg二丙基二硫醚单体对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊交配雌成虫具有明显吸引作用,50 mg和5 mg 2,2-二甲基-1,3-噻烷单体对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊交配雌成虫具有一定吸引作用;二丙基二硫醚与2,2-二甲基-1,3-噻烷以1︰1(50 mg︰50 mg)和10︰1(50 mg︰5 mg)混合物对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊交配雌成虫具有明显吸引作用;而将二丙基二硫醚和2,2-二甲基-1,3-噻烷以10︰1(50 mg︰5 mg)混合后与50 mg二丙基二硫醚单体比较,前者对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊交配雌成虫的吸引作用更明显。【结论】韭菜迟眼蕈蚊雌成虫明显嗜好4龄幼虫,其体表挥发物二丙基二硫醚等二硫化物对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊雌成虫具有吸引作用,2,2-二甲基-1,3-噻烷对二丙基二硫醚单体吸引韭菜迟眼蕈蚊交配雌成虫具有增效作用。  相似文献   

10.
【目的】韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang是为害韭菜等蔬菜的重要害虫,规模化饲养提供大量虫源是其他研究工作得以开展的基础。本研究旨在解决目前韭菜迟眼蕈蚊饲养规模小、材料和劳动力成本高等问题。【方法】本实验室利用土豆、花生、大豆为食物进行了规模化饲养韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的研究,测定了取食上述饲料的韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的成活率、繁殖力、羽化节律和性比。【结果】取食土豆、花生、大豆等食物的韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的成活率和繁殖力与取食人工饲料和韭菜的无显著差异,卵到成虫的发育历期为20~23 d,雌雄性比为0.8︰1~1.2︰1。在规模化饲养过程中,土豆、花生、大豆等饲料有发霉长菌现象,经分子鉴定,主要种类为雅致放射毛霉、巴克斯毛霉、黄曲霉和赭曲霉,均为腐生菌,不影响韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的存活和繁殖。【结论】该技术省工省时,成本低,特别适合实验室种群的维持和大量试虫的饲养。  相似文献   

11.
Abstract Apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) is a major pest causing considerable economic losses of fruits in North America. During the development of international trade, apple maggot fly has become a threat to Chinese agriculture. In this study, CLIMEX and ArcGIS were used to predict the potential geographical distribution of apple maggot fly in China. The parameters used in CLIMEX for apple maggot fly were derived from ecological data and the present geographical distribution of apple maggot fly in North America. Then the potential distribution map in China was presented based on the adjusted values of these parameters. The results showed that apple maggot fly has a wide potential distribution area in China; 47.5% of 748 meteorological stations presented high or medium suitability of pest establishment. These high suitable stations are mainly located in northeast, southwest and northwest of China, such as Liaoning, Shandong, Gansu and Shaanxi Provinces. These areas are also the central regions of apple, pear and peach production in China. Two hundred and twenty‐five stations (30.1%) in western and southern China, such as Tibet, Qinghai, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and Taiwan, were unsuitable for establishment of apple maggot fly populations. In order to prevent the introduction of apple maggot fly in China, the present plant quarantine measures should be enhanced, especially in the areas with high suitability for the presence of apple maggot fly.  相似文献   

12.
Several agronomic benefits can result from fall seeding of canola (Brassica spp.), but extensive research data are lacking on the potential impact of this practice on infestations of root maggots (Delia spp.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), which are major pests of the crop in western Canada. Field experiments making up 13 location by year combinations were conducted in central Alberta, Canada, from 1998 to 2001 to determine the effect of fall versus spring seeding of canola on root maggot damage. Depending on the experiment, interactions with seeding rate, seed treatment, timing of weed removal, and canola species (cultivar) also were investigated. Root maggot damage declined with an increase in seeding rate for plots seeded in May but not in fall or April. Susceptibility to infestation was greater for plants of Brassica rapa L. than Brassica napus L., but seed treatment had no effect on damage by these pests. Combined analysis using data from all experiment by location by year combinations indicated that seeding date had no significant effect on root maggot damage. The extended emergence of Delia spp. adults, which spans the appearance of crop stages vulnerable to oviposition regardless of seeding date, prevented reduced root maggot attack. Covariance analysis demonstrated the importance of increasing seeding rate for reducing root maggot infestations, a practice that can be especially beneficial for May-seeded canola when growing conditions limit the ability of plants to compensate for root maggot damage. Results determined with the small plot studies described here should be validated in larger plots or on a commercial field scale, but both the combined and covariance analyses indicate that seeding canola in fall does not predispose plants to greater damage by larval root maggots than seeding in spring.  相似文献   

13.
Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) is an important arable crop, traditionally used for sugar extraction, but more recently, for biofuel production. A wide range of pests, including beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii), root‐knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), green peach aphids (Myzus persicae) and beet root maggot (Tetanops myopaeformis), infest the roots or leaves of sugar beet, which leads to yield loss directly or through transmission of beet pathogens such as viruses. Conventional pest control approaches based on chemical application have led to high economic costs. Development of pest‐resistant sugar beet varieties could play an important role towards sustainable crop production while minimising environmental impact. Intensive Beta germplasm screening has been fruitful, and genetic lines resistant to nematodes, aphids and root maggot have been identified and integrated into sugar beet breeding programmes. A small number of genes responding to pest attack have been cloned from sugar beet and wild Beta species. This trend will continue towards a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanism of insect–host plant interactions and host resistance. Molecular biotechnological techniques have shown promise in developing transgenic pest resistance varieties at an accelerated speed with high accuracy. The use of transgenic technology is discussed with regard to biodiversity and food safety.  相似文献   

14.
大豆根部主要病虫害生态控制研究初报   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
通过田间小区试验 ,研究了不同生态控制处理对大豆根部病虫害的防治效果及其作用原理。试验表明 ,适当晚播、生物多样性、加入秸秆、增加有机肥对于防治大豆根潜蝇和大豆根腐病都有很好的生态防治效果 ,而对于大豆孢囊线虫病的生态防治只有适当晚播和使用抗线品种效果较好。各项生态控制处理均具有一定的增产作用  相似文献   

15.
This study analyzes the spatio-temporal dispersion patterns of the cabbage maggot (Delia radicum L.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) infestation in rutabagas and turnips in Oregon and suggests ways to exploit the spatial and temporal ecology of the cabbage maggot to improve management of the pest. The patchy distribution of cabbage maggots arises from a combination of first-order effects driven by spatial heterogeneity and second-order effects driven by spatial autocorrelation. The intensity of cabbage maggot infestations varied from year to year. Within a given year, damage rates tended to be higher in rutabagas than turnips, in crops planted earlier in the season, and in fields near nurseries and houses. Nonsignificant first-order effects included soil texture, distance from river, proximity to maggot sources (other than cultivated fields), type of vegetation on field borders, field manager, field area, and perimeter. Second-order effects were processes intrinsic to the population and would give rise to patchiness even in a homogeneous environment. For example, adults may be attracted to others of their species or eggs may be deposited in batches. The locations of patches arising from second-order effects cannot be predicted from knowledge of environmental covariates. However, cabbage maggot does not tend to disperse far, and existing patches tend to give rise to other patches nearby at a later time. We found elevated damage rates in spring fields planted near fields that were heavily damaged the previous fall and in fields planted late in the season near fields that had heavy damage early in the season.  相似文献   

16.
Practices that enhance abundance and diversity of generalist predators are often employed with the objective of improving biological control of insect pests. Ground beetles and other predators can prey on blueberry maggot, an important pest of blueberries, when mature larvae pupate in the ground. We conducted mesocosm and field experiments to determine if Pterostichus melanarius, a common predatory ground beetle, lowers maggot numbers in compost mulch or when predator and alternative prey abundances are manipulated. At background (field) densities of alternative prey, increasing densities of P. melanarius did not significantly reduce pest numbers in mesocosms containing compost or soil. When alternative prey were removed from compost, beetles reduced pest numbers by up to 35%. In field experiments, maggot numbers were higher when beetles and other predators were excluded from soil plots, but beetle exclusion had no effect in compost plots where both predator and alternative prey numbers were high. Our results indicate that there can be some reduction of blueberry maggot by P. melanarius and other potential predators when there are few alternative prey. However, despite attracting large numbers of predators compost mulch did not lead to a significant reduction in blueberry maggot; in fact, the high abundance of alternative food associated with compost appeared to interfere with beetle predation on blueberry maggot.  相似文献   

17.
云斑天牛在白蜡树上的发生与防治研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
云斑天牛Batocera horsfieldi(Hope)是白蜡树上近年来新出现的一种蛀干害虫。在东营市的市区绿化中危害日趋严重,目前其受害率达到10%强,成为白蜡树上继“窄吉丁虫”为害后的又一主要蛀干害虫。该虫2—3年完成1代,以第1年幼虫和第2年成虫,在主干或主干分叉处的蛀道内越冬。主要危害胸径8cm以上生长的白蜡树,在树干根基部30cm以下,或在主干分叉处蛀食为害,并常引起“风折木”。在9月下旬进行注药和4月上旬进行埋药防治,控制效果可达90%以上。  相似文献   

18.
Plant biodiversity is known to affect insect populations, both herbivores and their natural enemies, and as a consequence, habitat management through increased plant species composition and abundance can be exploited for sustainable pest management. In agroecosystems where crop monocultures are the routine production practice, plant biodiversity can be increased by maintaining small populations of weeds, with potential beneficial effects arising from concomitant increases in the abundance of predator and parasitoid populations. We manipulated weed populations in both species of canola, Brassica rapa L. and Brassica napus L., to investigate responses of adults of Aleochara bilineata Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), an important natural enemy of root maggots (Delia spp., Diptera: Anthomyiidae). Larval root maggots feed on canola taproots, disrupting the flow of water and nutrients within the plants, causing substantial yield reductions. Aleochara bilineata is a predator–parasitoid that attacks all root maggot pre-imaginal life stages. Activity density of A. bilineata increased as monocotyledonous weed biomass declined. Significant preferences between canola species were observed, with A. bilineata associated most frequently with B. rapa compared with B. napus. Our research suggests that improved management of root maggot infestations in canola through enhancement of populations of the A. bilineata predator–parasitoid could be accomplished by reducing weed infestations; however, such recommendations should consider other predators in the system and the role of weeds in reducing root maggot oviposition and damage.  相似文献   

19.
苹果绵蚜发生危害特点及防治对策   总被引:20,自引:1,他引:19  
张强  罗万春 《昆虫知识》2002,39(5):340-342
苹果绵蚜主要在我国辽东半岛、胶东半岛和昆明一带局部发生 ,每年 5~ 6月和 9~ 1 0月为害虫发生盛期。近几年来 ,危害逐年加重 ,并不断扩展蔓延 ,对我国苹果的产量和品质构成了严重威胁。该文介绍了苹果绵蚜在我国的危害情况和发生规律 ,分析了其发生与危害的特点 ,并提出了有效防治对策  相似文献   

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