导入Ghabp1基因对烟草叶细胞发育的影响

将棉花生长素结合蛋白基因cDNA与CaMV35S启动子和NOS终止子融合,构建了一个新的表达载体pGABP1-121,采用农杆菌介导法转化烟草,经过分化、筛选和再生,得到了具有卡那霉素抗性的植株。抗性植株经PCR及Southern杂交检测,证明外源目的基因已经整合到烟草基因组中。扫描电镜观察发现转基因烟草与对照相比叶细胞增大,结果表明,棉花生长素结合蛋白基因的表达影响了烟草叶细胞的发育。     

盐地碱蓬DREB同源基因SsDREB的功能研究

Ss DREB是从盐地碱蓬克隆获得的一个DREB2类转录因子,其表达受高盐和干旱诱导,而对ABA和低温处理反应不明显。本研究将Ss DREB与绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因构建融合表达载体并在洋葱表皮细胞中进行瞬时表达,结果表明SsDREB编码蛋白定位在细胞核中;酵母转录激活实验证明,Ss DREB能特异性结合DRE顺式作用元件,并激活下游报告基因的表达;采用农杆菌介导法将Ss DREB基因在35S启动子的驱动下转入烟草中,获得的转基因植株对干旱和盐胁迫抗性均显著提高;为研究Ss DREB过量表达提高转基因烟草抗旱、耐盐能力的分子机制,选取烟草中与提高质膜稳定性、消除活性氧和渗透平衡相关的8个逆境胁迫相关基因,以烟草α-tublin基因做为内参,利用半定量RT-PCR方法分析在正常生长条件下这8个基因在转基因烟草和对照烟草中的表达情况,实验结果表明这8个基因都受外源Ss DREB基因的调控,其中6个基因在转基因烟草中的表达量显著高于非转基因植株。     

拟南芥新型脂转移蛋白AtDHyPRP1的亚细胞定位及其对灰霉菌的抗性

通过遗传转化技术研究了拟南芥脂转移蛋白AtDHyPRP1在细胞中的定位及其对真菌病原体的抗性。采用PCR方法从拟南芥Ws生态型克隆了AtDHyPRP1基因,构建产生pRI101-AN-AtDHyPRP1植物双元表达载体和pCAMBIA1302-AtDHyPRP1-GFP融合表达载体,经农杆菌介导的叶盘和浸花法得到烟草和拟南芥转基因植株。AtDHyPRP1基因能够明显增加烟草对灰霉菌的抗性,转AtDHyPRP1烟草叶片的被侵染部位有大量H2O2积累,激光共聚焦显微观察发现AtDHyPRP1蛋白定位于细胞表面。说明AtDHyPRP1蛋白在合成后被分泌到细胞外执行特殊的功能,与植物抗病防御机制有关。     

转石蒜凝集素基因烟草的抗蚜虫性

利用农杆菌介导法将质粒pBILRA转化烟草(NicotianatabacumL.),该质粒含有由花椰菜花叶病毒35S启动子(CaMV35S)引导的筛选基因新霉素磷酸转移酶基因(nptII)及石蒜凝集素基因(lra)。通过卡那霉素筛选获得了25株独立转基因烟草植株。Westernblot分析表明,石蒜凝集素蛋白在不同转基因植株中表达量不同。对转基因T1代植株的遗传分析表明,lra基因在大多数独立转基因植株后代中以孟德尔31的分离比方式遗传。抗虫试验表明,表达较高水平石蒜凝集素蛋白的转基因烟草对桃蚜种群的生长具有明显的抑制作用。首次报道了表达石蒜凝集素基因的烟草对蚜虫具有抗性。石蒜凝集素基因可用于植物抗虫基因工程研究及应用。     

拟南芥HyPRP蛋白AZI1在转基因烟草中的亚细胞定位及其对灰葡萄孢的抗性

通过农杆菌转化法得到了整合有拟南芥AZII基因的烟草植株,进一步利用转基因烟草分析了AZI1蛋白的亚细胞定位及其对真菌病原体的抗性特征。在上下游引物5’端分别引入NcoI和SpeI酶切位点,采用高保真耐热DNA聚合酶彤Pfu从拟南芥Co1-0生态型基因组DNA扩增AZII基因的编码序列,用NcoI和Spel对扩增片段和pCAMBIA1302质粒载体进行双酶切,通过T4DNA连接酶构建产生AZII-GFP融合表达载体。用包含融合表达载体的农杆菌细胞转化烟草叶片,经潮霉素选择获得了完整的再生植株,并收取了T。代种子。激光共聚焦显微观察发现,AZI1蛋白主要定位于细胞表面。病原体侵染结果显示,AZI1基因能够明显提高烟草对灰葡萄孢的抗性。说明AZI1蛋白通过分泌途径被定位到细胞表面后,能够抑制真菌病原体对植物组织的侵染过程。     

转石蒜凝集素基因烟草的抗蚜虫性

利用农杆菌介导法将质粒pBILRA转化烟草(Nicotianatabacum L.),该质粒含有由花椰菜花叶病毒35S启动子(CaMV35S)引导的筛选基因新霉素磷酸转移酶基因(nptⅡ)及石蒜凝集素基因(lra).通过卡那霉素筛选获得了25株独立转基因烟草植株.Western blot分析表明,石蒜凝集素蛋白在不同转基因植株中表达量不同.对转基因T1代植株的遗传分析表明,lra基因在大多数独立转基因植株后代中以孟德尔3:1的分离比方式遗传.抗虫试验表明,表达较高水平石蒜凝集素蛋白的转基因烟草对桃蚜种群的生长具有明显的抑制作用.首次报道了表达石蒜凝集素基因的烟草对蚜虫具有抗性.石蒜凝集素基因可用于植物抗虫基因工程研究及应用.     

利用转基因烟草确定AtELHYPRP2蛋白对赤霉菌的抗性及其亚细胞定位特征

采用遗传转化技术获得了整合有拟南芥AtELHYPRP2(EARLI1-LIKE HYBRID PROLINE-RICH PROTEIN 2,AT4G12500)基因的转基因烟草株系,研究了该基因编码蛋白对真菌病原体赤霉菌的抗性及其亚细胞定位特征。以拟南芥Col-0生态型基因组DNA为模板,通过聚合酶链反应扩增AtELHYPRP2基因编码序列,经限制性酶切后连接至pCAMBIA1302载体,构建产生pCAMBIA1302-AtELHYPRP2-GFP融合表达载体。进一步采用农杆菌LBA4404转化烟草叶片外植体,筛选得到转基因烟草植株。RT-PCR、Western blotting印迹分析结果显示,AtELHYPRP2基因在转化体中可以有效表达。激光共聚焦显微观察发现AtELHYPRP2-GFP融合蛋白产生的绿色荧光与碘化丙啶染色后产生的红色荧光能够重合,说明AtELHYPRP2蛋白定位于细胞表面。真菌侵染实验结果显示,组成性表达AtELHYPRP2基因能够增强烟草对赤霉菌的抗性,被侵染部位有明显的H2O2积累。转基因烟草植株中PR1基因的本底表达水平比野生型高,PR1和PR5基因的系统表达水平比野生型高,说明AtELHYPRP2基因可能在SAR反应中具有一定的作用。     

美洲商陆抗真菌蛋白转化烟草的研究和抗病性检测

本研究为美洲商陆抗病毒蛋白(PaAFP)基因首次对植物遗传转化的研究,转入烟草中研究此蛋白对烟草立枯病的抗性。从美洲商陆叶片中获得美洲商陆抗真菌蛋白前体蛋白基因cDNA序列,构建植物表达载体pCAMBIA1300-PaAFP,通过三亲杂交法将其导入根癌农杆菌LBA4404受体菌,转染烟草获得了大量再生转基因植株。PCR、Southern杂交、RT-PCR以及Tris-Tricine-SDS-PAGE检测结果表明目的基因已经整合到烟草基因组中,并且已经得到转译。转基因植株苗期抗立枯病试验表明,转基因烟草植株对立枯丝核菌表现出了抗性。     

过表达或沉默棉花GhPCBER基因株系的获得及其茎叶木质素和木脂素含量研究

编码苯基香豆满苄基醚还原酶(phenylcoumaran benzylic ether reductase,PCBER)的基因PCBER属于PIP亚家族,是苯丙烷代谢途径中参与木脂素合成的关键基因。该研究构建了棉花GhPCBER基因的植物过表达载体并转化拟南芥,同时构建了VIGS(virus induced gene silencing,病毒诱导的基因沉默)载体转化棉花,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术对GhPCBER基因在不同组织中的表达进行分析;对野生型和转基因植株茎叶组织中的木质素和木脂素含量进行测定分析。结果表明:(1)成功构建了GhPCBER植物过表达载体pGWB17-GhPCBRE以及基因沉默重组载体pTRV2-GhPCBER;经遗传转化获得6株转棉花GhPCBER基因抗性拟南芥植株,同时获得15株GhPCBER基因沉默棉花植株(5株为一组)。(2)PCR检测表明,6株转基因拟南芥均为过表达株系,其中株系1、2、3相对表达量更高,且在茎、叶组织中的表达量分别较野生型提高了7～14倍和6～16倍,表明GhPCBER基因成功在拟南芥中过表达;GhPCBER基因沉默棉花植株的茎、叶组织中的表达量分别比野生型棉株约下降12%和26%,表明烟草脆裂病毒(TRV)体系(pTRV2-GhPCBER)成功抑制了GhPCBER基因的表达。(3)转GhPCBER基因拟南芥茎、叶中木质素和木脂素含量较野生型均显著降低;GhPCBER基因沉默棉花植株茎、叶中木质素和木脂素含量较野生型均极显著降低;组织化学染色观察发现GhPCBER基因沉默棉花植株茎秆颜色明显比野生型染色浅,也证明沉默基因棉花植株茎秆中的木质素含量减少。(4)苯丙烷代谢通路中8个相关基因的实时荧光定量PCR分析发现,过表达或抑制GhPCBRE基因均会导致苯丙烷代谢途径发生重新定向。     

牡丹病程相关蛋白1表达载体的构建及遗传转化

为了对牡丹病程相关蛋白1（PsPRI）基因功能进行研究,构建了PsPRI基因超表达载体pBI121-PsPRI,通过农杆菌介导法将PsPR1基因转入普通烟草NC89中。经过抗性筛选和RT-PCR分子检测,获得含风PR1转基因植株。对转化烟草的T0代植株进行抗病性鉴定,发现转APRIJ基因烟草能轻微增强对烟草黑胫病的抗性,说明PsPRI基因具有抗烟草黑胫病原菌（Phytophthoraparasiticavar．nicotianae）的功能。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.