日本稻蝗、中华稻蝗和赤胫伪稻蝗地理种群的RAPD遗传分化研究

运用10个RAPD引物对日本稻蝗(Oxya japonica)、中华稻蝗(Oxya chinensis)和赤胫伪稻蝗(Pseudoxya diminuta)的种群遗传分化进行分析。10个随机引物共产生135条带,扩增谱带具有明显的属、种间多态性。Shannon信息指数表明中华稻蝗遗传多样性水平较高(2．693),日本稻蝗次之(2.319),赤胫伪稻蝗最低(1．042)。中华稻蝗和日本稻蝗的不同地理居群出现遗传分化,由Shannon信息指数估算的种群间遗传分化系数分别为20．7％,42．4％。用UPGMA和NJ法对Nei’s遗传距离作聚类分析,构建分子系统树。系统树显示：同一种群的不同个体优先相聚,而后,同一种的不同种群依次相聚;日本稻蝗广西南宁种群和广东广州种群首先聚为一支,陕西西安种群和浙江杭州种群聚为另一支,两支相聚后与中华稻蝗聚在一起,最后与赤胫伪稻蝗相聚。聚类结果表明：不同地域日本稻蝗亲缘关系的远近与地理距离呈现一定的相关趋势,日本稻蝗与中华稻蝗亲缘关系较近,Nei’S遗传距离平均为0．142,而赤胫伪稻蝗与它们关系较远,Nei’s遗传距离平均为0．451。聚类图所显示的物种间亲缘关系的远近程度与形态分类学和细胞分类学结果相一致。     

稻蝗属部分种类RAPD及其分子系统学关系

用经筛选的8个随机引物对稻蝗属(Oxya Audient-Serville)中的中华稻蝗(Oxya chinensis)、日本稻蝗(Oxyajaponica)、山稻蝗(0xya agaxisa)、短翅稻蝗(Oxya brachyptera)和小稻蝗(Oxya intricata)等5个种41个个体进行扩增,均扩增出特异性产物,在96条清晰稳定的扩增片段中,多态性片段为95条,种间共有片段1条(引物S362扩增的约850 bp的片段),所获片段的长度大小为200—2500bP,单个引物扩增的条带数在8-16之间,平均为12。根据扩增结果,应用SPSS软件包中的Between-groups linkage法进行聚类分析,得到5种稻蝗的分子系统树。结果显示：中华稻蝗与短翅稻蝗关系密切,日本稻蝗与山稻蝗关系较近,而小稻蝗与它们的亲缘关系较远。聚类图所呈现的种间关系与传统的形态及细胞分类学结果基本一致,5种稻蝗亲缘关系的远近程度得以清楚显示,说明RAPD技术在稻蝗属种间分子系统学研究中具有很好的适用性。     

山稻蝗不同地域和种群染色体C带核型研究

对我国分布的山稻蝗Oxya agavisa Tsai不同种群进行了染色体C带核型研究,并对山稻蝗武夷山种群染色体C带核型进行了深入探讨,分析了其带型特殊性及该种群与其它山稻蝗种群染色体C带核型的区别与联系。同时通过对山稻蝗与中华稻蝗Oxya chinensis(Thunberg)日本稻蝗Oxya japonica(Thunberg）的形态,分布及染色体C带核型等方面的比较,探讨了该3个种之间的进化关系,认为作稻蝗属中的大型种类,上述3个种之间有着较近的亲缘关系。染色体带型的实验结果表明,中华稻蝗为较原始的种类,而日本稻蝗和山稻蝗则可能是由原始中华稻蝗进化而来,其中日本稻蝗L2染色体的形成是由于原始中华稻蝗该染色体常染色质部分异染色质化的结果,山稻蝗L2染色体则可能是由于原始中华稻蝗该染色体近端部的臂间倒位所致。通过对武夷山山稻蝗的研究,对日本稻蝗和山稻蝗之间的近缘关系进行了分析和讨论。     

中华稻蝗不同地理种群遗传多样性的AFLP分析

为研究中华稻蝗种群遗传多样性和遗传结构,文章对我国7省市的7个中华稻蝗种群进行AFLP分析。选取7对引物扩增128个个体,共产生336条带,多态性条带292条,占86.90%。结果表明:中华稻蝗种群具有较高的遗传多样性水平,其中海南万宁种群的遗传多样性高于其他各种群。Mantel检验(r=0.27,P=0.89)表明中华稻蝗各种群遗传距离与地理距离间没有显著相关性。种群间具有明显的遗传分化现象。UPGMA(Unweighted pair group method average)聚类分析显示,7个中华稻蝗种群按地理距离分为3支:北方北京昌平、山西太原和山东济宁为一支;南方陕西汉中、湖南长沙和广西来宾为一支;海南万宁单独为一支。上述结果以及PCA(Principal component analysis)分析均表明由于地理隔离中华稻蝗种群显示出明显的南北分化和岛屿大陆种群遗传分化现象。     

日本稻蝗部分种群遗传多样性研究

采用随机引物扩增多态性分析方法,研究我国长江以南地理距离跨度较大的6个不同种群日本稻蝗Oxya japonica的种群遗传学关系.10条随机引物对57个日本稻蝗个体共扩增出131个片段,其中多态性位点为128个,总的多态位点百分率是97.7%.种群问的遗传分化系数表明:日本稻蝗的遗传变异大部分存在于种群内.Nei's遗传距离显示:日本稻蝗种群问的遗传距离存在较大差异,河北平山种群和云南种群遗传距离最大,为0.1715,广东广州种群和广西南宁种群遗传距离最小,为0.0770.聚类结果分析表明,地理上相距较近的种群优先相聚,遗传距离、地理距离和亲缘关系间呈现出一定的相关趋势.     

山稻蝗不同种群的遗传多样性研究

应用RAPD技术对我国长江以南丘陵山区6个种群山稻蝗Oxya agavisa进行了遗传多样性分析.10条随机引物共扩增出90条清晰稳定的片段,其中多态性位点为87个,总的多态位点百分率96.7%.采用Shannon's遗传多样性值和Nei's基因多样性指数分析种群内的遗传多样性及种群间的遗传分化,结果表明山稻蝗湖南通道种群遗传多样性最高;两种指数估算的种群间遗传分化系数(44.5%,41.3%)均表明:山稻蝗种群内的遗传多样性稍大于种群间的遗传多样性.分别用Between-groups linkage、UPGMA和NJ法构建所有个体间的聚类关系图,聚类结果分析表明:位于同一纬度附近且地理上相距较近的种群优先相聚,聚类关系与生境条件、地理距离间呈现出一定的相关趋势.     

云南三种稻蝗基因组DNA的RAPD多态性分析

应用RAPD技术对采自云南龙陵两交水和腾冲曲石马鹿冲的24头稻蝗进行了基因组DNA多态性分析,10条随机引物共产生129条清晰、稳定的谱带.基于Jaccard相似系数,用Between-groups Linkage法得出的聚类图与基于Nei's遗传距离分别用UPGMA和NJ法构建的分子系统树基本一致:供试的所有稻蝗个体分为3个聚类簇:龙陵两交水的3、7～8号个体与腾冲曲石马鹿冲(海拔1450m)的8个个体聚为一支,龙陵两交水的1、2、4～6号个体聚为另一支,两支相聚后与腾冲曲石马鹿冲(海拔1 550 m)的8个个体聚为一起.形态学鉴定表明:龙陵两交水的3、7～8号个体为日本稻蝗,1、2、4～6号个体为小稻蝗,腾冲曲石马鹿冲(海拔1450 m)的8个个体均为日本稻蝗,腾冲曲石马鹿冲(海拔1550 m)的个体为有待进一步鉴定的未知种.形态学鉴定结果与聚类结果完全吻合,充分展示了RAPD技术在区分近缘物种方面的独到优势.比较不同采集地的日本稻蝗、小稻蝗的RAPD分析结果,发现云南的这两种稻蝗在同物种不同种群中的遗传多样性最为丰富,从一个侧面显示出我国云南昆虫的物种多样性及物种内部丰富的遗传多样性.     

中华稻蝗的胚胎发育及卵滞育发生的胚胎发育阶段

为弄清中华稻蝗Oxya chinensis(Thunberg)卵滞育发生的胚胎发育阶段,观察了其胚胎发育过程,检测了中华稻蝗铁岭、济南、长沙及儋州种群产卵后卵粒含水量的变化规律和胚胎发育的停滞时期.根据胚胎形态,自原头与原颚胸折叠的胚胎发育阶段开始,将中华稻蝗的胚胎发育过程划分为11个阶段.在25℃的温度条件下,4个地...     

山稻蝗不同地域种群染色体C带核型研究

对我国分布的山稻蝗OxyaagavisaTsai不同种群进行了染色体C带核型研究 ,并对山稻蝗武夷山种群染色体C带核型进行了深入探讨 ,分析了其带型特殊性及该种群与其它山稻蝗种群染色体C带核型的区别与联系。同时通过对山稻蝗与中华稻蝗Oxyachinensis (Thunberg)、日本稻蝗Oxyajaponica (Thunberg)的形态、分布及染色体C带核型等方面的比较 ,探讨了该 3个种之间的进化关系 ,认为作为稻蝗属中的大型种类 ,上述 3个种之间有着较近的亲缘关系。染色体带型的实验结果表明 ,中华稻蝗为较原始的种类 ,而日本稻蝗和山稻蝗则可能是由原始中华稻蝗进化而来 ,其中日本稻蝗L2染色体的形成是由于原始中华稻蝗该染色体常染色质部分异染色质化的结果 ,山稻蝗L2染色体则可能是由于原始中华稻蝗该染色体近端部的臂间倒位所致。通过对武夷山山稻蝗的研究 ,对日本稻蝗和山稻蝗之间的近缘关系进行了分析和讨论。     

网翅蝗科四种蝗虫的RAPD多态性研究

运用RAPD技术对网翅蝗科Arcypteridae 4种蝗虫24个个体的基因组DNA进行了多态性分析.在试用的24条随机引物中,筛选出11条引物用于4种蝗虫的随机引物扩增,共得到128条清晰稳定的扩增片段,每条引物的扩增片段数为10～13条,片段长度在100～2 000bp之间.根据扩增出的RAPD图谱,用UPGMA和NJ法对Nei's 遗传距离作聚类分析,构建分子系统树.聚类结果显示:同属的物种首先聚在一起;网翅蝗科4种蝗虫分为两支,竹蝗属Ceracris Walker的贺氏竹蝗Ceracris hoffmanni Uvrov、黑翅竹蝗Ceracris fasciata fsaciata(Br.-W.)优先聚为一支,隆额网翅蝗Arcyptera coreana Shiraki和宽翅曲背蝗Pararcyptera microptera meridionalis(Ikonn)聚为另一支.基于RAPD图谱的分子系统树所展示的物种间亲缘关系与传统的形态分类结果基本一致,此结果表明RAPD在科下不同属间亲缘关系的研究方面具有一定的可行性.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.