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1.
张林琳  谢正德 《病毒学报》2021,37(4):974-982
细胞自噬是一种依赖于溶酶体的细胞内降解途径,用于细胞维持内环境的稳态.自噬广泛存在于真核细胞的生理、病理过程中.研究发现自噬与病毒之间的相互作用是一个复杂且多向化的过程,一方面自噬能够参与机体免疫应答、发挥抗病毒效应;另一方面,细胞的自噬机制也可被病毒操纵,以利于其自身复制.本文对近年来细胞自噬与病毒感染的相互作用进展,尤其是病毒如何调控自噬以促进其复制和致病的机制加以综述.  相似文献   

2.
细胞自噬与病毒感染   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
自噬是广泛存在于真核细胞内的一种溶酶体依赖性降解途径,在维持细胞存活、更新、物质再利用和内环境稳定中起着重要作用。目前已经发现大量新的自噬相关基因,同时发现自噬在病毒感染过程中发挥着重要的抗病毒作用:自噬可以将胞质中的病毒转运到溶酶体中,降解病毒;也可以将病毒核酸转运至胞内感受器上激活天然免疫;还可以将病毒抗原递呈给MHCⅡ类分子激活适应性免疫。自噬参与胞内微生物感染具有双重作用。一方面,自噬能够降解入侵的微生物,即以异源吞噬(xenophagy)的方式清除胞内的病原体;另一方面,有些微生物能够通过某些机制逃避自噬而利于自身存活。本文就细胞自噬及其与不同病毒感染关系的最新研究进展进行综述。  相似文献   

3.
细胞自噬是一种存在于真核细胞内的溶酶体依赖性降解途径,是细胞的一种先天免疫机制。该机制可帮助细胞对破损细胞器进行降解,并将降解后的生物大分子等营养物质重新提供给细胞进行物质的重新利用。病毒侵入宿主细胞后细胞启动自噬系统进行自我吞噬并以此来保护机体将病毒对机体的损害降到最低。但研究发现部分病毒在侵染宿主细胞后也可利用细胞的自噬机制来加速自身在胞内的复制。由此可见病毒与细胞自噬间的相互作用是一个复杂且多向化的过程。为对自噬与病毒感染之间的关系进行更进一步的探究,本综述从自噬的发生机制、自噬的检测方法、自噬与病毒感染的关系、病毒感染与抗肿瘤作用等方面进行了阐述。  相似文献   

4.
自噬是一种新陈代谢过程,通过溶酶体降解受损蛋白质和细胞器来维持细胞内环境的稳态.乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)能利用自噬功能增强其复制的能力,引起肝炎、肝硬化以及肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC).本文将从HBV相关蛋白、内质网应激、信号通路、细胞因子、微小...  相似文献   

5.
细胞自噬是真核生物中一种高度保守的细胞内容物降解过程,在维持细胞的内环境稳定中起着重要作用。同时,自噬参与固有免疫系统对病原微生物的识别,以帮助吞噬细胞进行有效的吞噬作用并清除细胞内外的病原体。而病毒,尤其是RNA病毒,具有快速进化以应对宿主细胞中的变化的能力,能通过利用或抑制宿主细胞的自噬作用来为自身的复制服务。因此,针对自噬途径的药物筛选和治疗策略越来越成为抗病毒研究的热点。  相似文献   

6.
细胞自噬是真核生物中一种高度保守的细胞内容物降解过程,在维持细胞的内环境稳定中起着重要作用。同时,自噬参与固有免疫系统对病原微生物的识别,以帮助吞噬细胞进行有效的吞噬作用并清除细胞内外的病原体。而病毒,尤其是RNA病毒,具有快速进化以应对宿主细胞中的变化的能力,能通过利用或抑制宿主细胞的自噬作用来为自身的复制服务。因此,针对自噬途径的药物筛选和治疗策略越来越成为抗病毒研究的热点。  相似文献   

7.
细胞自噬作为细胞的一种生理机制,一方面为细胞提供再生资源,一方面也可以作为防御机制抵抗微生物的感染和寄生。本文对它与先天性免疫、适应性免疫的关系做了综述,并探讨了自噬与微生物感染的关系。本文为我们理解细胞自噬在机体抗感染机制中的作用提供了帮助,也为我们研究感染性疾病治疗药物开启新的视野。  相似文献   

8.
线粒体自噬作为一种选择性自噬,通过自噬系统靶向功能受损或过量的线粒体,并将其体转运至溶酶体进行降解,对控制和维持线粒体的数量和质量具有重要作用。线粒体自噬参与许多生理和病理过程,包括先天免疫、细胞凋亡和炎症等。越来越多的研究表明,多种病毒调节线粒体自噬,以实现免疫逃逸和持续感染。本文分别对线粒体自噬的分子机制、病毒对线粒体自噬的调控以及线粒体自噬在病毒复制中的作用进行综述,旨在为理解病毒的致病机制及抗病毒策略提供新思路。  相似文献   

9.
《生命的化学》2009,29(6):869-873
  相似文献   

10.
自噬是细胞的保守降解机制,通过自噬可实现受损细胞器、聚集蛋白质的降解,清除不利细胞质,获取机体运行能量,并维持稳态。自噬为细胞保护机制,对病原体产生抵御、免疫作用。但有研究认为肠道病毒可借助细胞自噬强化自我复制。柯萨奇病毒(Coxsackievirus,CV)归类于肠道病毒,可引起心肌炎手足口病(Hand foot and mouth disease,HFMD)及神经发育相关疾病。本文总结了近期对细胞自噬与CV病毒相互作用的研究,概述了不同类型的CV病毒与自噬的相互作用,有助于进一步探讨CV病毒引起疾病的治疗新思路。  相似文献   

11.
白念珠菌是引起浅部、深部真菌感染常见的病原菌.先天免疫反应在宿主抗系统性白念珠菌感染中起主导作用.介导宿主抗念珠菌感染的先天性免疫包括一系列真菌识别受体及免疫效应细胞.宿主对系统性白念珠菌感染的免疫反应是决定患者预后的关键.本文就宿主抗系统性白念珠菌感染的先天性免疫机制进行综述.  相似文献   

12.
肝特殊的解剖结构及生理特征使其成为暴露肠源性抗原的主要器官。由于肝具有独特的固有免疫系统,在正常情况下,肝分布多种致耐受的抗原提呈细胞,对持续性表达或递呈于肝的肠源性抗原物质,诱发针对该抗原的系统性免疫耐受,避免肝受到不必要的免疫损伤。当炎症发生及肝脏固有免疫系统活化时,则通过免疫效应细胞及免疫效应因子对肠源性病原体发挥强烈地免疫应答以控制感染。该过程形成机制的研究对肝功能的理解及肝性疾病的预防与治疗至关重要。本文就肝固有免疫系统对肠源性感染的免疫应答与免疫耐受形成机制作一综述。  相似文献   

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Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most prevalent human pathogens and the leading cause of chronic infection in almost half of the population in the world (~59%). The bacterium is a major leading cause of chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, and two type of malignancies, gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Despite the immune responses mounted by the host, the bacteria are not cleared from the body resulting in a chronic infection accompanied by a chronic inflammation. Herein, a review of the literature discussing H. pylori antigens modulating the immune responses is presented. The mechanisms that are involved in the modulation of innate immune response, include modulation of recognition by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as modulation of recognition by toll like receptors (TLR)4 and TLR5, modulation of phagocytic function, and modulation of phagocytic killing mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). On the other hands, H. pylori modulates acquired immune response by the induction of tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs), modulation of apoptosis, induction of regulatory T cells, modulation of T helper (Th)1 response, and modulation of Th17 response.  相似文献   

15.
    
Synthetic peptide vaccines have potential to control viral infections. Successful experimental models using this approach include the protection of mice against the lethal Sendai virus infection by MHC class I binding CTL peptide epitope. The main benefit of vaccination with peptide epitopes is the ability to minimize the amount and complexity of a well-defined antigen. An appropriate peptide immunogen would also decrease the chance of stimulating a response against self-antigens, thereby providing a safer vaccine by avoiding autoimmunity. In general, the peptide vaccine strategy needs to dissect the specificity of antigen processing, the presence of B-and T-cell epitopes and the MHC restriction of the T-cell responses. This article briefly reviews the implications in the design of peptide vaccines and discusses the various approaches that are applied to improve their immunogenicity.  相似文献   

16.
Autophagy is a cellular process in degradation of long-lived proteins and organelles in the cytosol for maintaining cellular homeostasis, which has been linked to a wide range of human health and disease states, including viral infection. The viral infected cells exhibit a complicated cross-talking between autophagy and virus. It has been shown that autophagy interacts with both adaptive and innate immunity. For adaptive immunity, viral antigens can be processed in autophagosomes by acidic proteases before major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II presentation. For innate immunity, autophagy may assist in the delivery of viral nucleic acids to endosomal TLRs and also functions as a part of the TLR-or-PKR-downstream responses. Autophagy was also reported to suppress the magnitude of host innate antiviral immunity in certain cases. On the other hand, viruses has evolved many strategies to combat or utilize the host autophagy for their own benefit. In this review we discussed recent advances toward clarifying the cross-talking between autophagy and viral infection in mammalian cells.  相似文献   

17.
    
S-palmitoylation is a reversible posttranslational lipid modification of proteins. It controls protein activity, stability, trafficking and protein–protein interactions. Recent global profiling of immune cells and targeted analysis have identified many S-palmitoylated immunity-associated proteins. Here, we review S-palmitoylated immune receptors and effectors, and their dynamic regulation at cellular membranes to generate specific and balanced immune responses. We also highlight how this understanding can drive therapeutic advances to pharmacologically modulate immune responses.  相似文献   

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The blood-brain barrier (BBB), which protects the CNS from pathogens, is composed of specialized brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) joined by tight junctions and ensheathed by pericytes and astrocyte endfeet. The stability of the BBB structure and function is of great significance for the maintenance of brain homeostasis. When a neurotropic virus invades the CNS via a hematogenous or non-hematogenous route, it may cause structural and functional disorders of the BBB, and also activate the BBB anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory innate immune response. This article focuses on the structural and functional changes that occur in the three main components of the BBB (endothelial cells, astrocytes, and pericytes) in response to infection with neurotropic viruses transmitted by hematogenous routes, and also briefly describes the supportive effect of three cells on the BBB under normal physiological conditions. For example, all three types of cells express several PRRs, which can quickly sense the virus and make corresponding immune responses. The pro-inflammatory immune response will exacerbate the destruction of the BBB, while the anti-inflammatory immune response, based on type I IFN, consolidates the stability of the BBB. Exploring the details of the interaction between the host and the pathogen at the BBB during neurotropic virus infection will help to propose new treatments for viral encephalitis. Enhancing the defense function of the BBB, maintaining the integrity of the BBB, and suppressing the pro-inflammatory immune response of the BBB provide more ideas for limiting the neuroinvasion of neurotropic viruses. In the future, these new treatments are expected to cooperate with traditional antiviral methods to improve the therapeutic effect of viral encephalitis.  相似文献   

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