广西柳州市鸟类调查及区系研究初报

2000年7月至2004年7月,在不同季节对广西柳州市鸟类资源进行了调查。结合参考文献资料及部分历史标本,确定柳州市共有鸟类15目47科183种,约占广西鸟类种数543种的33．7％和全国鸟类种数1319种的13．9％。其中留鸟106种另1亚种,夏候鸟29种,冬候鸟和旅鸟47种另1亚种。本区鸟类具有明显的东洋界特点,在本区繁殖鸟(留鸟和夏候鸟)中,东洋界鸟类109种,广布种24种,古北种3种。国家二级保护动物25种,其中黑翅鸢在本地区为留鸟,是最常见的猛禽之一。     

锡林河湿地鸟类调查

2005~2006年采用固定半径样点法和样线法对锡林河湿地4种生境的鸟类资源现状进行了调查。共记录到鸟类97种,隶属于12目33科。其中留鸟11种,占该地区鸟类总数的11.34%;夏候鸟68种,占70.10%;旅鸟15种,占15.46%;冬候鸟3种,占3.09%;国家Ⅰ级重点保护动物有3种,Ⅱ级重点保护动物有12种。繁殖鸟(包括夏候鸟和留鸟)79种,构成了该地区鸟类的主体。在繁殖鸟中,属于北方型的有68种,占86.08%,反映出明显的古北界特征。     

新疆阜康荒漠区不同生境鸟类群落的季节变化

从2009年3月—2010年2月,在新疆准噶尔盆地阜康荒漠区采用样线法对比研究自然和人工生境鸟类群落的季节变化。共调查到鸟类147种,隶属17目、38科、90属,其中,夏候鸟占总数量的49.8%、留鸟31.1%、过境鸟(旅鸟)13.2%、冬候鸟5.9%,表明研究区主栖夏候鸟。留鸟占总物种数的13.9%,在各类生境中均有分布,相对于其他居留型的鸟类,留鸟更可能成为该生境的优势种;湖泊拥有最高的鸟类α多样性指数(4.861)和物种数(106种),是荒漠区夏候鸟栖息或停歇的重要场所;以Morisita相似性指数0.5为界,将不同生境分为湖泊、荒漠和农田3大类,前二者属于自然生境,其季节周转率以春夏季最高,之后持续下降;农田吸引了68.5%的冬候鸟个体,其季节周转率以春夏季最低(0.934),夏秋季最高(1.154)。沙枣林带的保留和种植对提高阜康荒漠区农田冬候鸟多样性至关重要。     

江西井冈山国家级自然保护区鸟类资源调查与分析

2006年9月至2010年4月,对井冈山自然保护区的鸟类物种资源进行了调查和监测.共记录鸟类196种,隶属于15目42科.其中留鸟99种,候鸟(夏候鸟、冬候鸟和旅鸟)97种;古北界种类66种(33.67%),东洋界种类106种(54.08%),广布种24种(12.24%);国家重点保护鸟类31种.分析了该保护区内鸟类资源的组成和区系特征,并提出了相关保护策略.     

内蒙古锡林浩特市鸟类资源调查

2005年5月至2006年11月,采用固定样点法和样带法,对内蒙古自治区锡林浩特市的鸟类资源进行了调查.共记录到鸟类186种,隶属于18目42科98属.其中,留鸟27种,夏候鸟104种,冬候鸟1种,旅鸟54种.鸟类区系以古北界成分为主,有117种,占繁殖鸟总数的88.6%.国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类5种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类28种.湿地生境中鸟类资源最为丰富,有134种.鸟类的G-F指数为0.81.     

洞庭湖湿地鸟类的初步研究

１９９１年１月至１９９２年１月的春、夏，冬三季对洞庭湖鸟类的分布及种群数量进行了调查研究，观察记录到洞庭湖湿地鸟类１３８种，隶属１５目３６科，其中冬候鸟６６种，夏候鸟２２种，留鸟４３种、旅鸟７种。     

合肥新桥国际机场鸟类多样性及鸟击风险评价

鸟类多样性研究对于新建机场开展鸟击防范工作具有指导意义。2012年2月到2013年1月,采用样线调查法对新建合肥新桥国际机场及其周边地区鸟类进行了调查,根据鸟类相对数量、遇见频率、生境利用率和飞行高度,对机场鸟类鸟击风险进行评价。共记录到鸟类79种,其中留鸟34种,夏候鸟21种,冬候鸟和旅鸟分别为12种和11种;食虫鸟35种,食谷鸟8种,杂食性鸟15种,肉食性鸟21种。在各类生境中以林地的鸟类密度(D=10.25ind·hm-2)和Shannon-Wiener指数(H'=2.12)最高。全年以秋季鸟类密度(D=9.23ind·hm-2)、Shannon-Wiener指数(H'=2.13)最高。新桥机场鸟击风险高的鸟类共23种,飞行区内(R≥40)12种,飞行区外(R≥40)21种;其中留鸟占60%,食虫鸟占52%。加强对留鸟和食虫鸟的管理,采取生态防治和综合防治措施,对于降低机场鸟击风险具有积极意义。     

广东莲花山白盆珠省级自然保护区鸟类资源调查

于2008年1月～2010年12月对广东莲花山白盆珠省级自然保护区鸟类进行了调查,共记录到鸟类151种,隶属于45科16目。其中非雀形目鸟类74种(占49.01%),雀形目77种(50.99%);94种属东洋界种类(62.25%),42种属古北界种类(27.81%),15种属广布种(9.93%);留鸟88种(58.28%)、冬候鸟44种(29.14%)、夏候鸟15种(9.93%)、旅鸟和迷鸟4种(2.65%);国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类22种(14.57%)。该保护区鸟类特色是中华秋沙鸭种群数量较大,猛禽资源和水鸟资源较丰富。     

安徽颍州西湖省级湿地自然保护区鸟类资源调查初报

2007年11月到2008年11月,对颍州西湖湿地自然保护区3种典型生境(农田区、河流湿地和湖泊湿地)的鸟类进行了调查,共记录到鸟类132种,隶属于15目34科75属.其中留鸟27种,夏候鸟22种,冬候鸟34种,旅鸟49种.鸟类区系组成:古北种86种,东洋种28种,广布种18种.鸟类区系分析表明该保护区所在的淮北平原应属于古北界与东洋界之间广泛的过渡地带.     

黑龙江牡丹峰自然保护区鸟类多样性分析

为了更好地了解牡丹峰自然保护区的鸟类资源,保护和维持生态平衡,2005年7月至2008年2月对牡丹峰自然保护区鸟类资源进行了调查.共记录到鸟类14目30科93种.占全国鸟类总数的7.86%,其中留鸟18种,夏候鸟56种,冬候鸟4种,旅鸟12种,偶见种3种,分别占总数19.4%、60.2%、4.3%、12.9%和3.23%.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).