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1.
江西井冈山地区灰胸竹鸡的遗传多样性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
灰胸竹鸡Bambusicola thoracica是我国特有鸟类.本文采用聚合链式反应和直接测序的方法测定井冈山地区灰胸竹鸡3个种群线粒体DNA(mtDNA)控制区1142 bp的序列,分析其序列变异和种群遗传多样性.30个样本共发现16个变异位点和10种单倍型,其中hapl广泛分布,占所分析样本的23.33%,是其祖先单倍型.3个种群的平均单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性分别为0.815和0.00243.青原区种群与其它两个种群遗传分化显著,基因交流受限制.受隔离影响,青原区种群遗传多样性最低.在系统发生树上,10种单倍型形成两支,井冈山种群和永新县种群聚在一起,与其地理位置相一致.  相似文献   

2.
红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus)是中国特有珍稀鸟类,仅见于中国中部和西部的山地,为国家二级重点保护动物.采用聚合酶链式反应和直接测序的方法测定了采自湖南新宁县和龙山县的28只红腹锦鸡线粒体DNA控制区序列.在获得的1 123 bp的碱基序列中,碱基含量为T 32.79%、C 26.07%、A 26.62%和G14.52%,共检测出20个多态性核苷酸变异位点,其中简约信息位点11个.对比其它已报导的雉类控制区结构,对红腹锦鸡控制区结构进行了分析,识别了其高变Ⅰ区、中间保守Ⅱ区和保守Ⅲ区,找到了与终止相关的序列TAS以及保守序列(F、E、D、C).28个样本共发现11种单倍型,其中单倍型hap1和hap2的比例很高.新宁种群的遗传多样性比龙山种群的高,两个种群存在基因流较频繁,未出现明显遗传分化.  相似文献   

3.
棕胸竹鸡觅食行为的观察   总被引:13,自引:3,他引:13       下载免费PDF全文
对笼养条件下棕胸竹鸡(Bambusicola fytchii fytchii)每日的觅食节律的时间、频次、求偶取食行为和社群等级之间的关系进行了观察。结果表明:影响棕胸竹鸡觅食行为的主要因素是一天中它在地面上活动、静栖、游走及饮水等项行为所占时间的长短。影响求偶取食行为的主要因素是它在地面上活动的总时间和理羽、攻击及其它的求偶活动所占的时间多少。社群等级对棕胸竹鸡的觅食行为有一定的影响,但不甚显著。  相似文献   

4.
测定了黑龙江抚远江段和虎林江段黑斑狗鱼(Esoxreicherti)线粒体控制区5'端的560bp序列,在12尾黑斑狗鱼序列中未检测到任何变异位点,即所有个体的序列均完全一致,共享同一种单倍型,群体内和群体间的核苷酸多样性均为0.黑龙江黑斑狗鱼线粒体DNA如此贫乏的遗传多样性,一方面可能是黑龙江水系黑斑狗鱼在更新世冰期可能曾遭受过严重的瓶颈效应;另一方面则可能因目前是国内黑斑狗鱼种群数量锐减,种质资源急剧衰退,导致种群遗传多样性的丧失.建议广泛取样调查不同地理种群,并采用AFLP和微卫星等分子标记检测遗传多样性,以确定遗传变异丰富的黑斑狗鱼种群加以保护,促进黑龙江流域黑斑狗鱼资源的有效保护和可持续利用.  相似文献   

5.
鱼类线粒体DNA研究新进展   总被引:84,自引:0,他引:84  
郭新红  刘少军  刘巧  刘筠 《遗传学报》2004,31(9):983-1000
线粒体DNA是分子生物学研究中的一个热门领域,已成为鱼类进化生物学和群体遗传学研究的重要分子遗传标记。本文对鱼类线粒体DNA分子生物学的最新研究进展进行了较详细的阐述。重点介绍鱼类线粒体DNA全序列的研究进展、组成及特征,鱼类线粒体DNA非编码区结构研究进展,鱼类线粒体DNA多态性及其主要的检测方法;综述了最近有关鱼类线粒体DNA在鱼类系统学、种间杂交渐渗、种群识别、起源和进化、地理分化等研究中的应用情况。  相似文献   

6.
灰胸竹鸡消化系统形态解剖初探   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2  
观察和测定了13只灰胸竹鸡消化系统的解剖参数,结果表明:雌性和雄性体重分别为227.39 g和216.79 g,体长分别为237.22 mm和230.00 mm;腺胃粘膜表面具有40~50枚圆形乳头,肌胃较发达;雌性和雄性的食道分别长约93.96 mm和99.75 mm,肠道总长分别为683.83 mm和672.95 mm,肝脏分别重4.87 g和5.20 g,胰脏分别重0.38 g和0.45 g.此研究为进行竹鸡的人工驯养和生物学研究提供解剖学资料.  相似文献   

7.
笼养灰胸竹鸡的繁殖行为   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
于1999年3-7月对笼养条件下灰胸竹鸡的繁殖行为进行了观察。结果表明,笼养灰胸竹鸡仍保留求偶,交配和产卵等野外繁殖行为,但营巢,邻域,孵卵和育雏行为基本消失,求偶和交配于3出现,5月达到高峰,8月以后繁殖行为基本消失,本文还分析了笼养灰胸竹鸡繁殖期的觅食行为。  相似文献   

8.
运用自动生化分析仪测定了21只野生成年灰胸竹鸡的血液生化参数,结果表明:雌性在总蛋白、白蛋白和球蛋白水平,以及谷丙转氨酶活性均高于雄性(P>0.05),雌性白蛋白/球蛋白却较雄性低;同样,雌性个体的总胆红素、总胆固醇和甘油三酯的含量分别较雄性高8.33%、23.08%和15.38%(P>0.05).提示雌性个体的代谢较雄性个体要强,可为深入探讨竹鸡的机体代谢规律提供资料.  相似文献   

9.
扬子鳄饲养种群线粒体DNA控制区的序列多态性   总被引:13,自引:1,他引:13  
扬子鳄(Alligator sinensis)是中国特有的珍稀爬行动物,至2000年,野生扬子鳄的个体数已不足150条,作为保护这一物种的措施之一,先后于80年代初建起了2个养殖场,现人工繁殖的扬子鳄总数已达9000余条。为揭示扬子鳄种群遗传多样性,从两个饲养种群中采集了42个个体的样品,其中宣州样品33个(xZSP),长兴样品9个(CxSP),用PCR方法扩增mtDNA控制区,扩增产物纯化后直接用ABI310全自动遗传分析仪荧光标记测序,得到其中39个个体的血DNA控制区5’端462bP的序列。经比对发现,39个个体间的5’端mtDNA控制区没有任何变异位点,共享一种单元型,提示扬子鳄饲养种群的遗传多样性非常贫乏,造成这一结果的主要原因是近50年来,扬子鳄种群衰退和数量迅速减少导致的遗传多样性丢失,其次是人工繁殖的群体同时受到始创者数量较少产生的瓶颈效应影响。针对扬子鳄遗传多样性的现状,作者最后就这一濒危动物遗传多样性的保护对策提出3点建议。  相似文献   

10.
为了研究松鼠东北亚种(Sciurus vulgaris manchuricusThomas)不同种群的序列变异水平并进一步确定分类地位,我们分析了韩国5个地点和中国东北2个地点的松鼠标本的线粒体DNA控制区的全序列(1 058 bp)。39个韩国松鼠标本显示出21种单倍型,这些单倍型间的平均Tamura-Nei距离为1·0%; 24个中国松鼠标本显示21种单倍型,单倍型间的平均Tamura-Nei距离为1·4% (1 058 bp的全序列中发生变异的位点有119个,占11·2%)。韩国松鼠和中国松鼠间的平均距离为1·3%。并且韩国和中国松鼠的所有42个单倍型形成了一个单系分支,Fst值为0·04,表明在两个国家的松鼠间没有发生遗传分化。因此,序列分析的分子生物学的结果支持现行的分类,即来自韩国的朝鲜亚种(S·v·coreae)是中国北部地区松鼠东北亚种(S·v·manchuricus)的同物异名。这还需要进一步对北朝鲜和中国东北其它地区更多标本的分子和形态学分析来验证这一结论。  相似文献   

11.
12.
灰胸竹鸡的生物学特性及经济价值   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2  
本文从形态特征、生活习性、繁殖和血液生理生化特点等方面介绍了灰胸竹鸡生物学特性和经济价值,对灰胸竹鸡的人工驯养与繁殖,以及保护性开发具有重要意义。  相似文献   

13.
    
《遗传学报》2020,47(7):349-359
Mutations in the human mitochondrial genome have been observed in all types of human cancer, indicating that mutations might contribute to tumorigenesis, metastasis, recurrence, or drug response. This possibility is appealing because of the known shift from oxidative metabolism to glycolysis, known as the Warburg effect, that occurs in malignancy. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations could either be maternally inherited and predispose to cancer (germ line mutations) or occur sporadically in the mtDNA of specific tissues (tissue- or tumor-specific somatic mutations) and contribute to the tumor initiation and progression process. High-throughput sequencing technologies now enable comprehensive detection of mtDNA variation in tissues and bodily fluids, with the potential to be used as an early detection tool that may impact the treatment of cancer. Here, we discuss insights into the roles of mtDNA mutations in carcinogenesis, highlighting the complexities involved in the analysis and interpretation of mitochondrial genomic content, technical challenges in studying their contribution to pathogenesis, and the value of mtDNA mutations in developing early detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies for cancer.  相似文献   

14.
The genetic structure of the locally threatened cyprinid Osteochilus melanopleurus, collected from four locations (Gerik, Manong, Bernam and Kahang) in Peninsular Malaysia River systems, was assessed based on partial sequences of the control region (D-loop) mitochondrial DNA. A partial D-loop of 364 base pair gene was extracted from 88 individuals through PCR amplification and direct sequencing. The results show that haplotype diversity (hd = 0.7956–0.9485) was high, with low nucleotide (π = 0.0045–0.0080) variation for each of the populations examined. A molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) revealed few differences between the four populations. A Tajima D test and Fu Fs test were used to investigate the neutrality of each population, revealing that the all examined populations might experience recent population expansion or the bottleneck effect. A phylogeny tree and mismatch distribution analysis provided further evidence that three of four populations had recently expanded, as well as indicating that the Kahang population had in contrast remained stable. Overall, this study concludes that the populations of O. melanopleurus distributed throughout the river systems of Peninsular Malaysia probably originated from a single ancestral source during the last glaciation period, and should therefore be treated as a single evolutionary unit in any conservation efforts.  相似文献   

15.
铜鱼线粒体控制区的序列变异和遗传多样性   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
采用PCR和DNA测序技术研究长江中上游野生铜鱼的遗传多样性和群体遗传学特征,从9个采样点共获得100尾铜鱼,用于分析的线粒体DNA控制区的片段序列为946bp。在100个序列中,共检测出变异位点47个(其中增添/缺失位点8个),单倍型41种。9个地理群体的平均单倍型多样性(Hd)和平均核苷酸多样性(Pi)分别为0.9257±0.0162和0.004178±0.002337,表现出较贫乏的遗传多样性。群体间的分化指数(FST值)、平均基因流(Nm)、分子方差分析(AMOVA)和平均K2-P遗传距离均表明9个铜鱼地理群体间存在广泛的基因交流,未明显发生群体遗传分化。另外,共享单倍型比例较高,约为34%(14/41)。单倍型的UPGMA分子系统树和简约网络图显示单倍型的聚类与地理分群没有相关性。上述结果表明9个铜鱼地理群体属于同一种群。  相似文献   

16.
本文描述采自粤北灰胸竹鸡Bambusicola thoracica的一种小型疟原虫,该虫与近似种海南联核疟原虫P.juxtanucleare甚接近,但存在显著的差别,经鉴定为诺维虫亚属Novyella中一新种,即竹鸡疟原虫Plasmodium(Novyella)bambusicolai sp.nov.。模式标本保存在中山大学生物学系寄生虫学研究室。  相似文献   

17.
刘小丽  孙佼  韩金巧  王艳妮  谭江东 《生态学报》2019,39(18):6898-6907
岛屿具有独特的生态系统,常被生态学家和进化生物学家视为研究生物进化的天然实验室,岛屿生物地理学也受到了越来越多科学家的关注。对舟山群岛8个面积不等岛屿的黄毛鼠(Rattus losea)种群进行了调查,分析了8个种群的遗传变异特征,对探讨岛屿理论中的种群动态和种群分化具有重要意义。采用线粒体分子标记技术,利用PCR扩增得到D-loop区基因序列815 bp,在330个黄毛鼠样本中共识别出15个单倍型,平均核苷酸多样性(P_i)为0.001,平均单倍型多样性(H_d)为0.364,表明舟山群岛黄毛鼠种群的遗传多样性较低。Tajima′s D中性检验显示除了小盘峙种群,均为显著负值(P0.01),表明种群受到了自然选择的作用,历史上发生过种群扩张。AMOVE显示,群体间的遗传分化指数平均值为0.745,处于较高的分化水平,表明遗传变异主要来自种群间,占74.5%。基于线粒体D-loop区序列构建的系统发育树和中值网络都表明8个岛屿的黄毛鼠种群起源于两个母系。此外,Mental检验显示不同岛屿种群间的遗传距离与岛屿间地理距离之间存在显著正相关关系(r=0.6077,P=0.004),种群遗传多样性与岛屿面积并未发现显著相关性(r=0.6255,P=0.1840)。研究结果可为岛屿黄毛鼠种群的微观演化以及一些岛屿物种的进化理论提供参考。  相似文献   

18.
    
Swamp eel has become one of the most economically important fish in China. However, the wild swamp eel is facing the serious challenge of declining population and germplasm degeneration because most of farming swamp eel fingerlings was collected by fishing wild individuals. In this study, the genetic variation of Monopterus albus in six dominant farming regions was investigated based on the mitochondrial DNA D-Loop of 1008 bp in length. 180 individuals from 6 populations were examined and 74 haplotypes were observed. The overall genetic diversity was abundant and which its SD population was highest but CQ population was lowest. There was obvious genetic differentiation among investigated populations. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these individuals were divided into four distinct genetic clades, clade A, B, C, and D. Clade A should be the most common ancestor clade. AH and CQ populations might originate from one single ancestor in maternal clade A. Clade C should be a native important clade in China. Though the genetic diversity did not suffered obvious decreasing, it is still imperative to take effective conservation measurements and establish an efficient selective breeding program.  相似文献   

19.
The Japanese squirrel (Sciurus lis) is endemic to Honshu and Shikoku, Japan. In suburban environments this squirrel has tended to disappear from smaller and/or more isolated woodlots. In this study, genetic structure was compared from 1999 to 2004 for two subpopulations, one in a continuous mountain forest of western Tokyo and the other in a neighbouring woodlot isolated by a busy road. By sequencing 434 bp of the mitochondrial DNA control region of all 69 squirrels living in the two habitats, nine haplotypes were detected. Both the number of haplotypes and their genetic diversity were lower in the isolated woodlot (5 and 0.62, respectively) than in the continuous forest (8 and 0.79). Yearly comparisons revealed that only two to three haplotypes occurred simultaneously in the isolated woodlot whereas four to six were always found in the continuous forest, although the number of resident squirrels per year did not differ between the two sites. Haplotype dynamics revealed that the female population in the isolated woodlot was in a monotypic state for over two years before immigration of females with different haplotypes occurred. In the isolated woodlot immigration was thus restricted and turnover was lower, particularly among females. Such demographic factors seem to maintain the lower genetic diversity of the isolated subpopulation.  相似文献   

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