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1.
黑色素及其相关基因的研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
黑色素对动物体色的形成起重要的作用。对黑色素的本质、功能以及生成机理做了全面的总结,并归纳了一些影响动物皮肤颜色和毛色的主要基因及其研究现状。  相似文献   

2.
雷徐  高晓彩  张富昌 《遗传》2010,32(3):205-210
JARID1C基因属于X连锁精神发育迟滞相关基因之一, 其表达产物影响大脑神经系统中相关基因的转录和表达, 并可能与人类认知能力密切相关。对JARID1C基因功能的研究有助于理解该基因在精神发育迟滞形成和人类认知能力发展中的分子作用, 也能为精神发育迟滞的临床诊断和防治提供参考。文章对JARID1C基因的定位、分离、转录产物的生理功能及其认知功能做一综述, 并对以后的研究工作进行了展望。  相似文献   

3.
体细胞胚胎发生途径不仅是植物大规模克隆繁殖的重要途径,也是研究从单细胞到整体植株发育全过程的理想试验体系。植物体细胞胚胎发生的研究已经取得了很大的进展,但是也依然存在许多问题。根据近年来的相关研究报道,简述植物体细胞胚胎发生及此过程中相关应答基因的研究概况,探讨植物体细胞胚胎发生的生理生化基础,并对今后应该加强研究的关键问题提出了自己的看法。  相似文献   

4.
斑马鱼窖蛋白-1基因cDNA克隆及功能初步研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
窖蛋白-1(Cav-1)是胞膜窖的主要结构蛋白, 可与多种信号分子相互作用, 调节细胞的增殖、分化和凋亡, 其异常表达与多种人体疾病的发生和发展密切相关, 而在斑马鱼发育中的功能尚不很清楚。研究克隆出斑马鱼窖蛋白-1基因两个亚型的全长cDNA, 与其他物种窖蛋白-1的氨基酸序列进行比较, 发现该蛋白在脊椎动物中非常保守。利用逆转录多聚酶链反应检测发现, 在斑马鱼多个成年组织中窖蛋白-1的两个亚型均有转录表达。利用胚胎整体原位杂交检测组织或器官特异基因的时空表达变化发现, 过表达或利用Morpholino反义寡聚核苷酸(MO)抑制cav-1α的表达可影响脊索和体节的发育, 而过表达或MO抑制cav-1β可导致肝脏发育的异常;此外, 过表达或MO抑制cav-1α或-1β均可影响斑马鱼神经系统的发育。因此, 斑马鱼Cav-1在维持组织器官的生理功能和调控胚胎的正常发育中起着重要作用。  相似文献   

5.
OPHN1是X连锁的与非特异性精神发育迟滞有关的基因之一,编码RhoGTP酶激活蛋白(RhoGAP),包含RhoGTP酶激活结构域和氨基末端结构域,参与调节RhoGTP酶的信号转导过程。它广泛表达于机体神经系统,并被严格调控。基因内的突变会导致精神发育迟滞的发生。对这些非特异性精神发育迟滞相关基因的研究,将有助于揭示智力活动中认知过程的分子基础。  相似文献   

6.
基因网络研究进展   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
分子生物学的深入发展揭示了复杂的生命现象是大量基因相互作用的结果,传统的以描述为主的生物学和分解分析的研究方法受到挑战.随着DNA芯片和分子阵列技术的应用,快速检测生物基因组的表达已成为可能.在生命科学领域,基因网络作为一种系统的、定量的研究方法正在受到重视,该方法建立在分子生物学、非线性数学和信息学等多学科交叉的基础上.基因网络是动力系统模型,具有稳定性、层次性等一系列非线性系统的特性.通过基因表达的大量数据,结合一定的分析和计算方法可以构建合适的基因网络拓扑结构模拟系统的行为.反过来,利用已建立的基因网络可以指导进一步的实验.计算机工具和Internet资源是基因网络研究的重要手段.基因网络研究将在后基因组研究中发挥重要的作用.  相似文献   

7.
Mash-1(mammalian achaete-seute homologue-1)含碱性螺旋-环-螺旋(basic helix—loop—helix,bHLH)结构域,能与E蛋白结合启动下游基因的转录。Mash-1在神经系统发育过程中是通过Notch介导的一系列信号来调控转录。Id竞争性地和E蛋白结合从而实现对Mash-1基因的负调控。Mash-1在中枢神经系统和周围神经系统发育中都有表达,Mash-1对神经元和神经胶质细胞的分化都有很重要的作用。因此,对Mash-1的进一步研究尤其是研究其对神经干细胞的分化调控机制具有潜在的临床应用价值。  相似文献   

8.
石张燕  张富昌  高晓彩 《遗传》2010,32(2):135-140
常染色体上一些基因与神经系统的发育和功能密切相关, 突变后可导致非特异性精神发育迟滞。文章从基因定位、表达、生物学功能与突变后致病机理等方面, 对常染色体非特异性精神发育迟滞相关基因的研究现状进行了综述, 并展望了今后这一领域的研究前景。  相似文献   

9.
鱼类肌肉组织发生和分化相关基因的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
鱼类骨骼肌由两种分布位置不同的肌纤维组成,一种是位于皮下浅层的慢收缩红肌纤维,另一种是构成躯体绝大部分的快收缩白肌纤维.肌肉组织中含有多种不同类型的蛋白质如具有收缩功能的结构蛋白,可溶性的肌肉蛋白及肌肉特异性的转录因子等,这些所有的肌源蛋白的产生都经过了复杂的肌肉发生与分化过程.基于相关研究近况,分析了多种转录因子的正、负向调控对肌肉分化发育的影响,同时讨论了研究此调控过程的理论价值及未来应用意义.  相似文献   

10.
精子发生相关基因的研究进展   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
哺乳类动物的精子发生历经有丝分裂、减数分裂和精子形成三个阶段,这一特殊的细胞分化过程受多种因素的调控,而生精细胞内基因水平的调节,在精子发生过程中起着决定性的作用.许多生精细胞特异性的基因或转录具有发育阶段特异性表达特征,参与精子发生过程中特异的细胞分化活动,如减数分裂、遗传物质重组、染色质的浓缩和发育后期的一系列形态变化.近年来随着基因克隆、表达及功能研究技术的发展与应用,发现了许多精子发生的相关基因,有的已被证明在精子发生中起重要作用.然而对这一过程中许多现象的关键基因还所知甚少,需要进行更加广泛深入的研究.本文旨在较全面地综述这一领域研究的最新进展,着重讨论了与精子发生有关的转录因子基因、细胞周期相关基因、原癌基因、细胞凋亡相关基因、核蛋白转型相关基因方面的研究,为从事该领域研究的工作者提供参考信息.  相似文献   

11.
    
Little is known about the tissue interactions and the molecular signals implicated in the sequence of events leading to the subdivision of the somite into its rostral and caudal compartments. It has been demonstrated that rostrocaudal identity of the sclerotome is acquired at the presomitic (PSM) level. However, it is not known whether this compartment specification is fully determined in the PSM or whether it is dependent upon maintenance cues from the surrounding environment, as is the case for somite epithelialization. In this report, we address this issue by examining the expression profiles of C-Delta-1 and C-Notch-1, the avian homologues of mouse Delta-like1 (Delta1) and Notch1 which have been implicated in the specification of the somite rostrocaudal polarity in mouse. In chick, these genes are expressed in distinct but partially overlapping domains in the PSM and subsequently in the caudal regions of the somites. We have used an in vitro assay that consists of culturing PSM explants to examine the regulation of these genes in this tissue. We find that PSM explants cultured without overlying ectoderm continue to lay down stripes of C-Delta-1 expression, although epithelialization is blocked. These results suggest that somite rostrocaudal patterning is an autonomous property of the PSM. In addition, they demonstrate that segmentation is not necessarily coupled with the formation of somites. Dev. Genet. 23:77–85, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.  相似文献   

12.
13.
NPC1L1:固醇脂质吸收的关键蛋白质   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
刘飞  黄迪南  侯敢 《生命的化学》2006,26(5):389-391
NPC1L1是最近发现的一种与NPC1同源的蛋白质。在体内的分布有物种差异性,其亚细胞定位存在很大争议。近些年发现NPC1L1在固醇类脂质代谢途径中起着重要作用,是肠道吸收固醇类脂质尤其是胆固醇的关键蛋白质,这项新发现使得人们对固醇类脂质的吸收机制有了了解。高胆固醇血症是心血管系统疾病的一个高危因子,因此,对NPC1L1的研究具有重大的实际意义,正逐渐成为研究的热点。  相似文献   

14.
Functional heteromeric plant Shaker potassium channels can be formed by the assembly of subunits from different tissues, as well as from diverse plant species. KDC1 (K(+) Daucus carota 1) produces inward-rectifying currents in Xenopus oocytes when coexpressed with KAT1 and other subunits appertaining to different plant Shaker subfamilies. Owing to the presence of KDC1, resulting heteromeric channels display slower activation kinetics, a shift of the activation threshold toward more negative membrane potentials and current potentiation upon the addition of external zinc. Despite available information on heteromerization of plant Shaker channels, very little is known to date on the properties of the various stoichiometric configurations formed by different subunits. To investigate the functional properties of heteromeric nKDC1/mKAT1 configurations, we realized a series of dimeric constructs combining KDC1 and KAT1 alpha-subunits. We found that homomeric channels, formed by monomeric or dimeric alpha-subunit constructs, show identical biophysical characteristics. Coinjections of diverse tandem constructs, instead, displayed significantly different currents proving that KDC1 has high affinity for KAT1 and participates in the formation of functional channels with at most two KDC1 subunits, whereas three KDC1 subunits prevented the formation of functional channels. This article brings a contribution to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating plant Shaker channel functionality by association of modulatory subunits.  相似文献   

15.
    
Salinity tolerance can be attributed to three different mechanisms: Na+ exclusion from the shoot, Na+ tissue tolerance and osmotic tolerance. Although several key ion channels and transporters involved in these processes are known, the variation in expression profiles and the effects of these proteins on Na+ transport in different accessions of the same species are unknown. Here, expression profiles of the genes AtHKT1;1, AtSOS1, AtNHX1 and AtAVP1 are determined in four ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana. Not only are these genes differentially regulated between ecotypes, the expression levels of the genes can be linked to the concentration of Na+ in the plant. An inverse relationship was found between AtSOS1 expression in the root and total plant Na+ accumulation, supporting a role for AtSOS1 in Na+ efflux from the plant. Similarly, ecotypes with high expression levels of AtHKT1;1 in the root had lower shoot Na+ concentrations, due to the hypothesized role of AtHKT1;1 in retrieval of Na+ from the transpiration stream. The inverse relationship between shoot Na+ concentration and salinity tolerance typical of most cereal crop plants was not demonstrated, but a positive relationship was found between salt tolerance and levels of AtAVP1 expression, which may be related to tissue tolerance.  相似文献   

16.
Xing Y  Bai RY  Yan WH  Han XF  Duan P  Xu Y  Fan ZG 《生理学报》2007,59(3):267-272
本研究探讨Noah信号通路在人骨髓间充质干细胞(human mesenchymal stem cells,hMSCs)体外增殖及向神经细胞分化过程中的作用。采集健康自愿者骨髓,体外培养获得hMSCs,取第3代hMSCs,在诱导剂(β-ME,DMSO,BHA)作用下向神经细胞分化。诱导后用免疫细胞化学鉴定神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron-specific enolase,NSE)和尼氏体的表达以确定诱导效果:用流式细胞术检测细胞生长周期时相的变化。在诱导前后,用免疫荧光和RT-PCR方法检测Notch通路中Notch1受体蛋白、配体Jagged1(JAG1)、调节蛋白活化相关物早老素1(presenilin 1,PS1)、靶基因hairy and enhancer of split1(HES1)信号分子表达的变化。结果显示:诱导前,处于G0/G1期的hMSCs占58.5%,S+G2/M期的细胞占41.5%;诱导后,G0/G1期细胞比例升高,而S+G2/M期细胞比例下降,NSE阳性细胞率达(77±0.35)%,细胞质中可见深蓝色的块状或颗粒状尼氏体。免疫荧光显示,诱导前后hMSCs内Notch1和JAG1均呈阳性表达,但RT-PCR检测发现诱导后Notch1、JAG1、PSl和HES1 mRNA表达量较诱导前明显降低(均P〈0.05)。结果表明,诱导hMSCs向神经细胞分化能抑制Notch信号分子表达,低水平的Notch信号激活可能有利于神经细胞的分化。  相似文献   

17.
SIRT1 is an NAD+-dependent deacetylase that counteracts multiple disease states associated with aging and may underlie some of the health benefits of calorie restriction. Understanding how SIRT1 is regulated in vivo could therefore lead to new strategies to treat age-related diseases. SIRT1 forms a stable complex with DBC1, an endogenous inhibitor. Little is known regarding the biochemical nature of SIRT1-DBC1 complex formation, how it is regulated and whether or not it is possible to block this interaction pharmacologically. In this study, we show that critical residues within the catalytic core of SIRT1 mediate binding to DBC1 via its N-terminal region, and that several carboxamide SIRT1 inhibitors, including EX-527, can completely block this interaction. We identify two acetylation sites on DBC1 that regulate its ability to bind SIRT1 and suppress its activity. Furthermore, we show that DBC1 itself is a substrate for SIRT1. Surprisingly, the effect of EX-527 on SIRT1-DBC1 binding is independent of DBC1 acetylation. Together, these data show that protein acetylation serves as an endogenous regulatory mechanism for SIRT1-DBC1 binding and illuminate a new path to developing small-molecule modulators of SIRT1.  相似文献   

18.
19.
eEF1A1基因克隆、原核分泌表达及融合蛋白纯化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
eEF1A1作为蛋白合成中的重要翻译延伸因子,可与多种功能性蛋白如F-actin、BPOZ-2结合,并在细胞凋亡、蛋白降解方面起重要作用.以往原核基因工程蛋白表达系统大多为包涵体表达的变性分子,需要复性.为了获得eEF1A1原核分泌性可溶性蛋白分子,克隆了人eEF1A1蛋白编码序列(约1 300 bp),并成功构建pET22b-A原核分泌表达重组质粒,转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)菌株,0.4 mmol/L终浓度IPTG诱导,经不同温度下包涵体与胞浆蛋白组分分析,快速明确蛋白表达情况,即诱导4 h后,37℃表达于包涵体组分,在30℃分泌表达至胞浆组分.通过His-Trap亲和层析纯化柱进行线性洗脱,Bradford法测定蛋白浓度高达620 mg/mL,SDS-PAGE分析纯度约为95%,蛋白大小符合50 kD,Western blotting显示目的蛋白能被eEF1A1抗体识别;质谱分析证实重组蛋白为人eEF1A1蛋白分子.为进一步研究其与重要功能性蛋白的相互作用及在细胞凋亡和蛋白降解中的作用奠定基础.  相似文献   

20.
细胞色素P450 1A1基因多态性与我国某些肿瘤遗传易感性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
近年来有关细胞色素P450基因多态性与肿瘤遗传易感性的研究正日益吸引越来越多的关注,本文对我国近年来有关细胞色素P450 1A1(CYP1Al)基因多态性与几种肿瘤遗传易感性的研究进行探讨,推测我国几种高发病率肿瘤的发生与我国CYP1A1基因多态分布状况有关,以此为进一步研究CYP1A1与肿瘤的关系作参考。  相似文献   

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