共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 203 毫秒
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番茄红素是一种重要的类胡萝卜素,具有许多生物功能和生物活性,尤其在保护人类健康方面起着重要的作用。随着番茄红素生物合成途径的阐明及其相关基因的克隆,运用基因工程手段调控番茄红素的合成已经成为可能。本文首先综述了番茄红素生物合成途径及合成途径中相关基因的克隆,然后对近年来构建的番茄红素基因工程菌进行了全面的总结,包括:运用DNA重组技术使异源微生物大肠杆菌、酵母等生产番茄红素,以及通过过表达特定基因从而提高霉菌等产番茄红素的量,最后分析了改造过程中存在的主要问题,并展望了未来的研究方向。 相似文献
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植物类胡萝卜素生物合成及其相关基因在基因工程中的应用 总被引:29,自引:0,他引:29
近年来类胡萝卜素生物合成基因的分离与功能鉴定,为应用基因工程技术改变植物体内类胡萝卜素成份和提高类胡萝卜素含量提供了新的基因资源.有关类胡萝卜素合成的生物化学及其在体内调控研究的新进展,使通过遗传操作调控植物体内类胡萝卜素生物合成途径成为可能.该文综述了类胡萝卜素生物合成途径及其相关基因的研究现状,并结合作者的工作介绍了应用转基因技术改变植物体内类胡萝卜素成份与含量的最新成功的事例. 相似文献
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植物类胡萝卜素生物合成及功能 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
详述了植物类胡萝卜素生物合成途径,并从突破类胡萝卜素合成途径中上游瓶颈限制、类胡萝卜素代谢各分支途径的改造、提高植物细胞对类胡萝卜素物质积累能力三个方面探讨了类胡萝卜素生物合成酶基因在植物基因工程中的研究现状,最后对植物类胡萝卜素代谢的研究前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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《植物遗传资源学报》2019,(2)
辣椒是全世界广泛栽培的蔬菜作物之一,成熟的辣椒果实中含有α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、玉米黄质、叶黄素、隐黄质、辣椒红素及辣椒玉红素等多种不同的类胡萝卜素;由于类胡萝卜素生物合成途径存在差异调控方式,最终在辣椒果实中积累不同成分和含量的类胡萝卜素,从而导致不同辣椒果实颜色的形成。同时,辣椒果实含有的各种类胡萝卜素因具有重要保健及经济价值,也越来越受到育种家重视。本文系统概述了辣椒果实颜色与类胡萝卜素组分、类胡萝卜素生物合成途径、关键酶基因的功能及相关转录调控机制等方面的研究进展,总结了当前研究中存在的问题,并提出相应的研究展望,对今后高类胡萝卜素辣椒新品种选育、人为调控类胡萝卜素生物合成、改善辣椒果实品质具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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植物甜菜碱合成途径及基因工程研究进展 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
甜菜碱是公认的在细胞中起着无毒渗透保护作用的细胞相溶性物质 ,广泛存在于植物、动物、细菌等多种生物体中。植物中甜菜碱因其结构不同 ,其生物合成途径和催化合成所需要的酶也各不相同。综述了近年来甜菜碱生物合成途径、相关基因的克隆及基因工程研究进展 ,包括从不同生物体中克隆、鉴定的甜菜碱合成的相关基因及其定位、作用机理、同源性比较及表达差异、在转基因植物中的遗传稳定性以及转基因植物的抗盐耐旱、抗寒性等。 相似文献
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Genetic manipulation of carotenoid biosynthesis: strategies, problems and achievements 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sandmann G 《Trends in plant science》2001,6(1):14-17
Carotenoids, some of which are provitamin A, have a range of diverse biological functions and actions, especially in relation to human health. For example, carotenoids are known to be crucial for normal vision and have been associated with reducing the risk of several degenerative diseases including cancer. The putative advantage of modifying and engineering the carotenoid biosynthetic pathways is obvious: to provide sources for the isolation of desired carotenoids or to generate food plants with increased carotenoid content. This article reviews the studies of carotenoid production in heterologous microorganisms and the engineering of crop plants using manipulated carotenoid biosynthesis. 相似文献
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Jae Hyung Lee Yong Bae Seo Seong-Yun Jeong Soo-Wan Nam Young Tae Kim 《Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering》2007,12(3):312-317
Carotenoids are important natural pigments produced by many microorganisms and plants. We have previously reported the isolation
of a new marine bacterium,Paracoccus haeundaensis, which produces carotenoids, mainly in the form of astaxanthin. The astaxanthin biosynthesis gene cluster, consisting of
six carotenogenic genes, was cloned and characterized from this organism. Individual genes of the carotenoid biosynthesis
gene cluster were functionally expressed inEscherichia coli and each gene product was purified to homogeneity. Their molecular characteristics, including enzymatic activities, were
previously reported. Here, we report cloning the genes for crtE, crtEB, crtEBI, crtEBIY, crtEBIYZ, and crtEBI-YZW of theP. haeundaensis carotenoid biosynthesis genes inE. coli and verifying the production of the corresponding pathway intermediates. The carotenoids that accumulated in the transformed
cells carrying these gene combinations were analyzed by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. 相似文献
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Identification of the carotenoid isomerase provides insight into carotenoid biosynthesis, prolamellar body formation, and photomorphogenesis 总被引:26,自引:0,他引:26 下载免费PDF全文
Carotenoids are essential photoprotective and antioxidant pigments synthesized by all photosynthetic organisms. Most carotenoid biosynthetic enzymes were thought to have evolved independently in bacteria and plants. For example, in bacteria, a single enzyme (CrtI) catalyzes the four desaturations leading from the colorless compound phytoene to the red compound lycopene, whereas plants require two desaturases (phytoene and zeta-carotene desaturases) that are unrelated to the bacterial enzyme. We have demonstrated that carotenoid desaturation in plants requires a third distinct enzyme activity, the carotenoid isomerase (CRTISO), which, unlike phytoene and zeta-carotene desaturases, apparently arose from a progenitor bacterial desaturase. The Arabidopsis CRTISO locus was identified by the partial inhibition of lutein synthesis in light-grown tissue and the accumulation of poly-cis-carotene precursors in dark-grown tissue of crtISO mutants. After positional cloning, enzymatic analysis of CRTISO expressed in Escherichia coli confirmed that the enzyme catalyzes the isomerization of poly-cis-carotenoids to all-trans-carotenoids. Etioplasts of dark-grown crtISO mutants accumulate acyclic poly-cis-carotenoids in place of cyclic all-trans-xanthophylls and also lack prolamellar bodies (PLBs), the lattice of tubular membranes that defines an etioplast. This demonstrates a requirement for carotenoid biosynthesis to form the PLB. The absence of PLBs in crtISO mutants demonstrates a function for this unique structure and carotenoids in facilitating chloroplast development during the first critical days of seedling germination and photomorphogenesis. 相似文献
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类胡萝卜素生物合成途径及其控制与遗传操作 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10
类胡萝卜素在真菌和植物细胞胞液/内质网上是由乙酰CoA经甲羟戊酸途径合成的,在细菌与植物质体中由磷酸甘油醛与丙酮酸经1-脱氧木酮糖-5-磷酸途径合成。形成的异戊烯基焦磷酸经多次缩合生成第一个类胡萝卜素八氢番茄红素,再经脱氢、环化、羟基化、环氧化等转变为其它类胡萝卜素。类胡萝卜素生物合成中涉及的酶都是膜结合的或整合入膜中的。类胡萝卜素合成是通过底物可利用性与环化分支方式进行控制的。白色体到叶绿体的转变以及花与果实成熟时类胡萝卜素合成增加是在基因转录水平调节的。进行类胡萝卜素合成酶基因的转化,可增加转化体类胡萝卜素的积累。 相似文献
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Carotenoids participate in light harvesting and are essential for photoprotection in photosynthetic plant tissues. They also furnish non-photosynthetic flowers and fruits with yellow to red colors to attract animals for pollination and dispersal of seeds. Although animals can not synthesize carotenoids de novo , carotenoid-derived products such as retinoids (including vitamin A) are required as visual pigments and signaling molecules. Dietary carotenoids also provide health benefits based on their antioxidant properties. The main pathway for carotenoid biosynthesis in plants and microorganisms has been virtually elucidated in recent years, and some of the identified biosynthetic genes have been successfully used in metabolic engineering approaches to overproduce carotenoids of interest in plants. Alternative approaches that enhance the metabolic flux to carotenoids by upregulating the production of their isoprenoid precursors or interfere with light-mediated regulation of carotenogenesis have been recently shown to result in increased carotenoid levels. Despite spectacular achievements in the metabolic engineering of plant carotenogenesis, much work is still ahead to better understand the regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation in plant cells. New genetic and genomic approaches are now in progress to identify regulatory factors that might significantly contribute to improve the nutritional value of plant-derived foods by increasing their carotenoid levels. 相似文献
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Carotenoids are Indispensable to plants and play a critical role in human nutrition and health. Significant progress has been made in our understanding of carotenoid metabolism in plants. The biosynthetic pathway has been extensively studied.Nearly all the genes encoding the biosynthetic enzymes have been isolated and characterized from various organisms. In recent years, there is an increasing body of work on the signaling pathways and plastid development, which might provide global control of carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation. Herein, we will highlight recent progress on the biosynthesis,regulation, and metabolic engineering of carotenoids in plants, as well as the future research towards elucidating the regulatory mechanisms and metabolic network that control carotenoid metabolism. 相似文献
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高等植物赤霉素生物合成及其调节研究进展 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
主要介绍近年来高等植物中生物活性GAs的生物合成,拟南芥GA生物合成途径中关键酶基因(GA1-GA5)的克隆和GA3基因CYP701A3的母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)中的成功表达。评述了活性GAs对赤霉不生物合成的反馈抑制作用和反馈调节中信号的传递和接收问题。高等植物中光周期对GA生物合成的调节主要是在20-氧化和/或3β-羟基化步骤。 相似文献