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1.
活性氧中间体和NO在植物抗病中的作用   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
王利国  李玲 《植物学通报》2003,20(3):354-362
植物与病原菌互作时,活性氧中间体(reactiveoxygenintermediates,ROI)和一氧化氮(NO)参与了植物抗病性的建立。寄主与病原菌非亲合性互作产生二次氧爆发高峰,体内NO增加。许多氧化酶可以催化氧爆发产生ROI。ROI和NO通过氧化还原信号启动寄主细胞局部的过敏性坏死反应和全株系统获得性抗病性。  相似文献   

2.
王利国  李玲 《植物学报》2003,20(3):354-362
植物与病原菌互作时,活性氧中间体(reactive oxygen intermediates,ROI)和一氧化氮(NO)参与了植物抗病性的建立。寄主与病原菌非亲合性互作产生二次氧爆发高峰,体内NO增加。许多氧化酶可以催化氧爆发产生ROI。ROI和NO通过氧化还原信号启动寄主细胞局部的过敏性坏死反应和全株系统获得性抗病性。  相似文献   

3.
氧化应激是一种氧化还原失衡的状态,易引起生物体组织细胞发生氧化损伤。通过激活抗氧化系统调节氧化还原平衡是生物体内普遍存在的氧化应激响应机制。硫化氢(hydrogen sulfide, H2S)是生物体内重要的信号分子,它能通过多种途径调节机体生理反应和胁迫响应。本文综述了植物中H2S的产生途径,H2S常见供体的特性,H2S、活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)和活性氮(reactive nitrogen species, RNS)在调节植物氧化应激响应中的研究进展;重点讨论了H2S调节植物氧化应激响应的方式,及其与ROS和RNS在植物氧化还原平衡调节中的相互作用调控,为理解植物氧化应激响应过程中信号分子的作用机制提供参考。  相似文献   

4.
O3浓度升高对植物活性氧代谢系统影响的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
为了揭示臭氧(O3)浓度升高对植物活性氧代谢系统的影响机理,从代谢生理角度,总结了近年来国内外关于臭氧浓度升高对植物活性氧自由基代谢速率、细胞膜脂过氧化程度、抗氧化系统及生物量和产量影响的研究进展,同时,就臭氧浓度升高与二氧化碳浓度升高的复合作用对植物活性氧代谢系统的影响,及阐明二者相互作用对植物抗氧化系统影响机理的研究进行了综述。在此基础上指出在未来研究中,要在分子水平上进一步深入研究植物活性氧代谢系统对高浓度臭氧、二氧化碳复合作用的响应机理,并应加强高浓度二氧化碳对臭氧胁迫下植物抗氧化系统影响的研究,为解决如何减轻臭氧浓度升高对植物造成的氧化伤害提供基础理论依据。  相似文献   

5.
植物细胞中的活性氧及其生理作用   总被引:37,自引:1,他引:36  
介绍了植物体中活性氧的产生机制、在植物细胞多种生理活动中的功能及其与其它信号因子的相互作用.  相似文献   

6.
活性氧清除系统对干旱胁迫的响应机制   总被引:98,自引:8,他引:90  
干旱胁迫是影响植物生长发育的主要因子,干旱引起活性氧自由基增加,使植物细胞遭受氧化胁迫.植物体通过酶促和非酶促两大保护系统清除活性氧,活性氧自由基的变化也会引起抗氧化防御系统的不同变化.同时干旱胁迫下活性氧的产生也与ABA的积累、脯氨酸的积累以及叶绿素荧光猝灭密切相关,因此了解活性氧清除系统对干旱胁迫的响应机制以及活性氧在植物生理生化过程中的作用是非常必要的。  相似文献   

7.
活性氧与植物细胞编程性死亡   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
在各种条件诱导的植物细胞编程性死亡(PCD)过程中都有活性氧的参与,H2O2和O2可能是参与PCD调节的最重要的活性氧.文中概述了活性氧与植物细胞编程性死亡的关系以及活性氧的生成调节和与其它一些信号物质之间可能的相互作用.  相似文献   

8.
叶绿体中活性氧的产生和清除机制   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
陈花  吴俊林  李晓军 《现代生物医学进展》2008,8(10):1979-1981,1971
正常情况下植物细胞内活性氧(reactive oxygen species ROS)的产生和清除是平衡的,但是,一旦植物遭受环境胁迫,ROS的积累超过抗氧化剂防护系统清除能力,就会产生氧胁迫损伤细胞。由于叶绿体作为光合作用的场所与其他细胞器相比更易遭受氧化胁迫的伤害。因此,叶绿体进化了更强的防御机制调控电子传递链的氧化还原平衡及叶绿体基质中的氧化还原状态。活性氧具有双重效应.高浓度的活性氧对植物细胞有很强的毒害作用,低浓度时可充当信号分子参与植物的某些防卫反应过程,本文就叶绿体中活性氧的产生(三线态叶绿素、PSI和PSI I电子传递链)、网络清除(抗氧化剂,SOD,As—Glu循环系统,硫氧还蛋白)机制以及功能作用进行了综述。  相似文献   

9.
植物叶片衰老与氧化胁迫   总被引:39,自引:0,他引:39  
叶片衰老是叶片生长发育进程中的最后阶段,与活性氧伤害有着密切的关系。介绍了植物叶片衰老过程中活性氧产生及清除系统的变化,讨论了对水分胁迫与氧化胁迫的交叉抗性,并对下一步的研究作出了展望  相似文献   

10.
植物叶片衰老与氧化胁迫   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
叶片衰老是叶片生长发育进程中的最后阶段,与活性氧伤害有着密切的关系。介绍了植物叶片衰老过程中活性氧产生及清除系统的变化,讨论了对水分胁迫与氧化胁迫的交叉抗性,并对下一步的研究作出了展望。  相似文献   

11.
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are continuously produced as a result of aerobic metabolism or in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. ROS are not only toxic by-products of aerobic metabolism, but are also signalling molecules involved in several developmental processes in all organisms. Previous studies have clearly shown that an oxidative burst often takes place at the site of attempted invasion during the early stages of most plant-pathogen interactions. Moreover, a second ROS production can be observe...  相似文献   

12.
Recent experiments indicate that nitric oxide (NO) plays a pivotal role in disease resistance and several other physiological processes in plants. However, most of the current information about the function of NO in plants is based on pharmacological studies, and additional approaches are therefore required to ascertain the role of NO as an important signaling molecule in plants. We have expressed a bacterial nitric oxide dioxygenase (NOD) in Arabidopsis plants and/or avirulent Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato to study incompatible plant-pathogen interactions impaired in NO signaling. NOD expression in transgenic Arabidopsis resulted in decreased NO levels in planta and attenuated a pathogen-induced NO burst. Moreover, NOD expression in plant cells had very similar effects on plant defenses compared to NOD expression in avirulent Pseudomonas. The defense responses most affected by NO reduction during the incompatible interaction were decreased H(2)O(2) levels during the oxidative burst and a blockage of Phe ammonia lyase expression, the key enzyme in the general phenylpropanoid pathway. Expression of the NOD furthermore blocked UV light-induced Phe ammonia lyase and chalcone synthase gene expression, indicating a general signaling function of NO in the activation of the phenylpropanoid pathway. NO possibly functions in incompatible plant-pathogen interactions by inhibiting the plant antioxidative machinery, and thereby ensuring locally prolonged H(2)O(2) levels. Additionally, albeit to a lesser extent, we observed decreases in salicylic acid production, a diminished development of hypersensitive cell death, and a delay in pathogenesis-related protein 1 expression during these NO-deficient plant-pathogen interactions. Therefore, this genetic approach confirms that NO is an important regulatory component in the signaling network of plant defense responses.  相似文献   

13.
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are continuously produced as a result of aerobic metabolism or in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. ROS are not only toxic by-products of aerobic metabolism, but are also signalling molecules involved in several developmental processes in all organisms. Previous studies have clearly shown that an oxidative burst often takes place at the site of attempted invasion during the early stages of most plant-pathogen interac-tions. Moreover, a second ROS production can be observed during certain types of plant-pathogen interactions, which triggers hyper-sensitive cell death (HR). This second ROS wave seems absent during symbiotic interactions. This difference between these two responses is thought to play an important signalling role leading to the establishment of plant defense. In order to cope with the deleterious effects of ROS, plants are fitted with a large panel of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms. Thus, increasing numbers of publications report the characterisation of ROS producing and scavenging systems from plants and from microorganisms during interactions. In this review, we present the current knowledge on the ROS signals and their role during plant-microorganism interactions.  相似文献   

14.
HEATH  MICHELE C. 《Annals of botany》1997,80(6):713-720
Rust fungi are obligately biotrophic plant parasites that obtaintheir nutrients from living host cells. The initiation of thetwo parasitic phases of these fungi generally requires topographicsignals from the plant surface followed, for the dikaryoticphase, by a successive sequence of signals to control furtherfungal development within the plant. During the fungal lifecycle, three types of intracellular structures (invasion hyphae,M-, and D-haustoria) are formed and each may differently affectthe host membrane that surrounds it, as well as affecting othercellular components. Each intracellular structure also preventsnon-specific plant defences triggered by fungal activities,possibly by interfering with the signalling system rather thandefence expression. In resistant host cultivars, cellular invasiontriggers a rapid cell death (the hypersensitive response) thatshares some features with developmentally programmed cell deathin animal and plant tissues, and is controlled by parasite-specificresistance genes that resemble those that defend plants againstother types of pathogens. Evidence from one system suggeststhat this response is specifically elicited by a fungal peptideand does not involve the oxidative burst typical of resistanceexpression in other plant-pathogen interactions. However, overall,few of the molecules involved in any of these plant-rust fungiinteractions have been completely characterized and much isleft to be discovered, particularly with respect to how cellularsusceptibility to rust fungi is conditioned.Copyright 1997 Annalsof Botany Company Apoptosis; biotrophy; elicitor; hypersensitive response; oxidative burst; suppressor; Uromyces vignae  相似文献   

15.
The role of salicylic acid (SA) in events occurring before cell death during the hypersensitive reaction (HR) was investigated in leaves of wild-type tobacco Samsun NN and in transgenic lines expressing salicylate hydroxylase (35S-SH-L). Challenge of 35S-SH-L tobacco with avirulent strains of Pseudomonas syringae gave rise to symptoms resembling those normally associated with a compatible response to virulent strains in terms of visible phenotype, kinetics of bacterial multiplication, and escape from the infection site. Compared with responses in wild-type tobacco, both the onset of plant cell death and the induction of an active oxygen species-responsive promoter (AoPR1-GUS) were delayed following challenge of 35S-SH-L plants with avirulent bacteria. The oxidative burst occurring after challenge with avirulent bacteria was visualized histochemically and quantified in situ. H2O2 accumulation at reaction sites was evident within 1 h after inoculation in wild-type tobacco, whereas in 35S-SH-L plants the onset of H2O2 accumulation was delayed by 2-3 h. The delay in H2O2 generation was correlated with a reduction in the transient rise in SA that usually occurred within 1-2 h following inoculation in wild-type plants. Our data indicate that an early transient rise in SA potentiates the oxidative burst, with resultant effects on accumulation of H2O2, plant cell death and also defence-gene induction, factors that together may determine the outcome of plant-pathogen interactions.  相似文献   

16.
Plant mitochondria are proposed to act as signaling organelles in the orchestration of defense responses to biotic stress and acclimation responses to abiotic stress. However, the primary signal(s) being generated by mitochondria and then interpreted by the cell are largely unknown. Recently, we showed that mitochondria generate a sustained burst of superoxide (O2-) during particular plant-pathogen interactions. This O2- burst appears to be controlled by mitochondrial components that influence rates of O2- generation and scavenging within the organelle. The O2- burst appears to influence downstream processes such as the hypersensitive response, indicating that it could represent an important mitochondrial signal in support of plant stress responses. The findings generate many interesting questions regarding the upstream factors required to generate the O2- burst, the mitochondrial events that occur in support of and in parallel with this burst and the downstream events that respond to this burst.  相似文献   

17.
A 42kDa chitin-binding proline-rich protein (PRP) from French bean has been previously characterised through its involvement in plant-pathogen interactions. It is located at the plasmalemma-wall interface, intercellular spaces and binds to the pathogen Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in vitro and in planta. It is also present in cell wall appositions formed in response to an hrp mutant of Xanthomonas campestris. We now show that the 42kDa protein is composed of two components, a 25kDa polypeptide member of the PRP family of legumes and a 6.8kDa cysteine-rich peptide with high similarity to snakin-2 from potato. Snakins bind to pathogens and are antimicrobial. Molecular cloning of the longest PRP corresponding to the N-terminal sequence of the purified protein and the 6.8kDa component is reported. The cognate mRNAs show coordinate expression. The two-component protein complex has already been shown to be involved in binding and immobilising pathogens through oxidative cross-linking of the PRP components but could also function as a two-component chitin-receptor involved in plant-pathogen interactions through antimicrobial activity and/or signalling.  相似文献   

18.
19.
植物与病原菌互作的蛋白质组学研究进展   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
深入认识植物与病原菌的识别方式、亲和性或非亲和性的互作模式,对于揭示植物-病原菌互作机制研究具有重要意义.利用蛋白质组学方法研究病原菌侵染植物过程,分析相关的基因和蛋白,有助于从分子水平上探究植物-病原菌相互作用机制.本文概述了植物-病原菌的互作机制,系统介绍了差异蛋白质组学分析方法在植物-病原真菌、植物-病原细菌两类互作系统中的应用,分析了植物与病原菌互作过程中可能涉及的差异表达功能蛋白,并对当前蛋白质组学技术在植物与病原菌互作研究中存在的诸多问题进行了探讨.  相似文献   

20.
Pathogenic infection and the oxidative defences in plant apoplast   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
Summary The structural and functional continuum of the plant apoplast is the first site of contact with a pathogen and plays a crucial role in initiation and coordination of many defence responses. In this paper, we present an overview of the involvement of the plant apoplast in plant-pathogen interactions. The process of infection of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants byColletotrichum lindemuthianum is analysed. The ultrastructural features of plant defence responses to fungal infection are then compared with those observed in plants or cell suspensions treated with various elicitors. Changes in cell walls and in whole plant cells responding to infection seem to be highly similar in all systems used. Model systems of French bean and white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) are then utilised to provide some biochemical characteristics of oxidative reactions in the apoplast evoked by elicitor treatment. The species specificity of various mechanisms generating reactive oxygen species is discussed, and some details of pH-dependent H2O2-generating activity of peroxidases are demonstrated. As its exocellular nature is an important feature of the oxidative burst, the major consequence of this event, i.e., the oxidative cross-linking of wall components during the papilla formation and strengthening of the walls, is analysed. Finally, the possible involvement of other wall-associated and developmentally regulated H2O2-generating mechanisms, like amine and oxalate oxidases, in plant defence is demonstrated. It is concluded that under stress conditions, such apoplastic mechanisms might be employed to increase plants' chances of survival.Abbreviations HR hypersensitive response - IWF intercellular washing fluid - OxO oxalate oxidase - ROS reactive oxygen species - YE elicitor preparation from yeast cell walls  相似文献   

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