转基因EGFP小鼠的主要脏器重量及脏器系数

目的测定转基因C57BL／6-Tg（ACTB—EGFP）1osb／J（EGFP）小鼠主要脏器重量和脏器系数。方法实验选用5～6周雄性、6～7周雌性小鼠各15只,用sartorius电子天平分别测定体重和9个主要脏器重量,计算脏器系数,并对雌雄脏器重量和脏器系数之间进行比较。结果雌雄小鼠脏器重量间比较,雄性鼠体重明显大于雌性的体重（P〈0．01）;心、肝、肺、肾、肾上腺的重量间差异极显著（P〈0．01）;脾脏比较差异显著（P〈0．05）;雌雄间脏器系数比较,肺、脑、肾上腺间差异极显著（P〈0．01）,心、肝、脾、肾脏间差异不显著（P〉0．05）。结论转基因EGFP小鼠不同性别间脏器重量及脏器系数间有一定的差异,为相关研究打下了基础。     

应用阴茎骨鉴定雄性褐家鼠年龄组的探讨

1986年10—11月,作者在长春市研究了城市褐家鼠的种群生态。获得标本 1,214号(531,683),解剖、测量、记录了雄性睾丸重量、长度和宽度,制取了雄性阴茎骨。对其种群阴茎骨长度作了分析,并依据阴茎骨长度作褐家鼠的频数分配,对照体长、体重、睾丸及头骨等特征,划分5个年龄组。分析结果表明,应用雄性褐家鼠阴茎骨划分年龄组,其组间差异显著,组间交叉不大,相对准确,能比较接近实际年龄,故用阴茎骨长度作为划分褐家鼠种群年龄组标准是可行的。     

黄毛鼠内脏器官重量和含水量的测定

对黄毛鼠部分内脏器官的重量,相对重量（脏器指数）及含水量进行了测定。结果表明,心,肝,肺,肾脏的重量与体重存在正相关关系,相对重量与体重存在负相关关系;心,肺,肾脏相对重量存在年龄和性别差异,成年鼠的脾脏含水量高于未成年鼠。     

Fmr1基因敲除小鼠脏器重量和脏器系数的比较分析

目的通过对Fmr1基因敲除小鼠雌雄两性和FVB小鼠的脏器重量和脏器系数进行比较分析,了解其脏器重量的差异,探讨Fmr1基因对动物生长发育等方面的影响。方法分别测定Fmr1基因敲除小鼠雌雄两性和FVB小鼠内脏器官的绝对重量和脏器系数,并进行统计学处理和分析。结果相同年龄的Fmr1基因敲除小鼠雄性的体重、心、肺、肝和肾的绝对重量均极显著的大于雌性（P〈0.01）。雌雄间脏器系数除肾脏（P〈0.05）和脑（P〈0.01）外,其余无显著差异。与FVB小鼠比较,Fmr1基因敲除小鼠心脏较轻（P〈0.01）,肾脏（P〈0.01）、体重和脑较重（P〈0.05）。脏器系数肾脏较大（P〈0.01）,心脏（P〈0.01）、脑和脾（P〈0.05）较小。结论Fmr1基因可影响动物的某些脏器重量和脏器系数。     

洞庭湖区社鼠脏器重量的比较

对洞庭湖区社鼠(Niviventer confucianus)野外自然种群脏器的重量指标进行了测定,并比较了其在年龄组、性别、季节及生境间的差异。结果表明,社鼠内脏(心、肺、肝、脾、肾脏)随着年龄组的增加,重量有明显的增加,其重量与体重有极其显著的相关性。两性间的脏器重量指标没有显著性差异。脏器季节变化的共同特征是夏季脏器重量较低,四季间比较,仅有心脏重量有显著的季节变化。生境间心脏和肾脏重量的变化相对较大,达显著水平。参与繁殖与未参与繁殖的雌鼠相比,心、肺、肝、肾脏的各项指标均较高,脾脏则相反,但均未有显著性差异。总的来看,洞庭湖社鼠种群的脏器指标相对稳定,尽管重量指标随着年龄组而增加,受性别、季节、生境及繁殖行为的影响相对较小。     

洞庭平原黄胸鼠种群年龄组的划分

根据胴体重的频次分布和每５ｇ胴体重组的鼠所对应的发育与繁殖状况,将黄胸鼠分为５个年龄组,Ⅰ,幼年组：胴体重≤３５ｇ;Ⅱ。亚成年组,３６－６５ｇ;Ⅲ。成年一组：６６－１００ｇ;Ⅳ．成年二组：１０１－１３５ｇ;Ⅴ．老年组;〉１３５ｇ。经ｔ检验,各组间的胴体重,体重,体长尾长都有显著性的差异。各年龄组间的体重与胴体重存在显著的正相关前３个年龄组的体长和尾长与胴体重之间有极显著相关性。各年龄组的雌性比变化     

野生成年树鼩主要脏器重量及脏器系数的测定分析

目的对野生成年树鼩的体重和主要脏器重量进行测定,计算其脏器系数。方法测定60只野生成年树鼩体重及11个主要脏器重量,并计算其脏器系数。进行脏器重量、脏器系数的性别间比较分析及Kendall和谐系数分析。结果性别间比较心、肺重量差异极显著（P〈0.01）,脑、肾上腺、胰腺重量之间差异显著（P〈0.05）;肾上腺、胰腺系数差异有极显著性（P〈0.01）,心、肺、肾系数之间差异均达到了显著水平（P〈0.05）。Kendall和谐系数（W）分析表明,动物与其个体各主要器官整体发育协调性较好。结论野生成年树鼩心重量、肺重量、脑重量、肾上腺重量、胰腺重量、肾上腺系数、胰腺系数、心系数、肺系数、肾系数性别间存在差异。     

SPF级与普通级小型猪主要脏器形态与脏器系数比较

目的比较两种不同微生物学控制等级的五指山小型猪主要脏器重量和相对重量差异。方法选取4月龄近交培育的五指山猪20头,其中普通级和SPF级各10头,雌雄各半,分别测定体重和7种主要脏器重量,分析两种不同微生物控制程度的小型猪主要脏器形态及脏器相对重量。结果SPF级小型猪体重显著低于普通级对照（P〈0.01）,前者肺和脾的形态发生改变,肝、心、脑和肾上腺的相对重量显著高于普通级对照（P〈0.01）,而SPF级的脾和肺的相对重量显著低于普通级对照（P〈0.01）。结论小型猪在不同微生物控制程度下体重和脏器系数存在显著差异,主要脏器形态与脏器系数差异可作为实验动物质量鉴定的参考依据。     

板齿鼠内脏器官的重量和含水量的季节变化

本文研究板齿鼠部分内脏器官的鲜重、相对重量（脏器指数）和含水量的季节变化.结果表明：板齿鼠肝、心、脾、肾脏指数存在季节性变化,同时肝脏指数存在年龄和性别差异;脾脏指数与体重呈正相关,肝、肾脏指数与体重呈负相关;脏器水分含量只有肝和心脏存在季节性差异,但不存在年龄和性别差异.说明季节因素对不同脏器指数影响不同.     

四川短尾鼩种群年龄鉴定的研究

为给四川短尾鼩年龄鉴定提供科学合理的鉴定方法,对1996～2012年贵州省大方县捕获的134只四川短尾鼩(雌性86只,雄性48只)体重统计分析。结果表明:四川短尾鼩平均体重为(31.12±6.48)g。根据体重的频次分配特征,参照其繁殖状况,将四川短尾鼩划分为5个年龄组,制定了各年龄组的体重划分标准:幼年组(Ⅰ)体重≤23.0g,亚成年组(Ⅱ)23.1～28.0g,成年Ⅰ组(Ⅲ)28.1～33.0g,成年Ⅱ组(Ⅳ)33.1～38.0g,老年组(Ⅴ)>38.0g。体重与胴体重、体长之间具有极显著的正相关关系,依据体重与胴体重的回归方程,制定了各年龄组的胴体重划分标准:幼年组(Ⅰ)胴体重≤15.0g,亚成年组(Ⅱ)15.1～19.0g,成年Ⅰ组(Ⅲ)19.1～23.0g,成年Ⅱ组(Ⅳ)23.1～27.0g,老年组(Ⅴ)>27.0g。不同年龄组体重、胴体重之间具有显著差异,随着种群年龄的增长而不断增加。不同年龄组种群繁殖力存在显著差异,随着种群年龄的增长,种群繁殖力不断增加,参与种群繁殖的主要群体为成年Ⅰ组、成年Ⅱ组和老年组,平均怀孕率为37.10%,平均睾丸下降率为72.00%,平均繁殖指数为1.39。种群年龄组成具有明显的季节变化。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.