利用荧光定量PCR分析c-Ha-ras基因在C57-ras转基因小鼠中的拷贝数

目的:利用real-time PCR建立检测C57-ras转基因小鼠中外源c-Ha-ras基因拷贝数的简便方法,为药物安全性评价C57-ras转基因小鼠模型的繁殖和筛选提供数据支持。方法:以自建的人原癌基因c-Ha-ras转基因小鼠为研究对象,利用SYBR GreenⅠ荧光定量PCR的绝对定量法测定3个C57-ras转基因小鼠系的c-Ha-ras基因Ct值,通过与内参基因GAPDH比较计算获得转基因的拷贝数。结果:内参基因GAPDH的标准曲线为lg NGAPDH=-2.852Ct+26.236,外源基因c-Ha-ras的标准曲线为lg NRAS=-3.068Ct+39.186;经计算,NO.2、NO.3、NO.5系的F6代拷贝数分别为4、4和3,并且系内不同个体间拷贝数一致。结论:利用SYBR GreenⅠreal-time PCR技术建立了检测C57-ras转基因小鼠中外源基因拷贝数的方法,该方法操作简单,节约成本,为C57-ras致癌性模型的选留和应用提供了基础和技术手段,也为其他类似转基因品系中转基因拷贝数的确定提供了一种参考方法。     

实时荧光定量PCR法检测转基因小鼠拷贝数

目的利用实时荧光定量PCR法鉴定转基因小鼠外源基因插入拷贝数。方法以TG-CARK转基因首见鼠为研究对象,选取小鼠的高度保守基因Fabpi为内参,利用绝对定量的实时荧光PCR法鉴定转基因小鼠拷贝数,并与传统的Southern blot方法的定量结果进行比较。结果实时定量PCR鉴定的转基因拷贝数与Southernblot法完全一致,三只TG-CARK首见小鼠的拷贝数分别为1,7,45。结论实时定量PCR技术具有高准确性、高稳定性、高通量和低成本的优点,是比传统杂交技术更好的鉴定小鼠转基因拷贝数的方法。     

抗除草剂转基因大豆插入拷贝数及其旁侧序列分析

目的:确定抗除草剂转基因大豆外源基因拷贝数和其插入位点侧翼序列.方法:采用绝对定量PCR法测定转EPSPS基因大豆中外源基因拷贝数,内参照基因标准曲线选用大豆凝集素(Lectin)基因为标准品,外源基因标准曲线以含EPSPS基因的阳性质粒为标准品.采用基因组步移技术和巢式PCR方法确定抗除草剂转基因大豆插入位点旁侧序列.结果:抗除草剂转基因大豆外源基因的拷贝数为1.CaMV35S上游扩增887bp,NOS下游扩增1 340bp.结论:明确了EPSPS外源基因在转基因大豆中为单拷贝,转基因大豆插入位点附近大豆基因组发生了DNA重排.     

利用实时荧光定量PCR法检测转基因水稻外源基因拷贝数的研究

转基因植物中外源基因拷贝数是影响目的基因表达水平和遗传稳定性的重要因素，因此外源基因拷贝数的检测成为转基因研究的关键．利用高通量、快速、灵敏的SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量实时PCR法，检测了转大麦烟酰胺合成酶基因（NASl）水稻中外源基因拷贝数．以蔗糖磷酸合成酶基因（SPS）作为水稻的内源参照基因．通过梯度稀释法．分别获得了NAS1和SPS基因的Ct值与起始模板数的相关性标准曲线，相关系数分别为0．99976和0．99571，相关性高．通过目的基因NAS1和水稻内源参照基因SPS起始模板数的比较，获得了目的基因在转基因水稻中的拷贝数。在8株转基因株系中，1株为假阳性，1株拷贝数为1，3株拷贝数为2，其余3株拷贝数分别为3、4和7．而阴性对照拷贝数为0．这种方法快速、简便、准确，可以满足转基因育种工作中对后代优良株系的选择．     

应用实时荧光PCR技术定性定量检测改良品质的转基因小麦

目的:对转入高分子量谷蛋白亚基的小麦中转基因成分进行实时荧光PCR定性定量检测。方法:针对转基因小麦品系中通用的ubiquitin启动子,NOS终止子以及标记基因bar基因进行定性筛选检测,同时用已知为单拷贝的Wx012基因作为小麦物种内源特异参照基因,用单粒B73转基因小麦提取基因组DNA建立内源基因和外源基因的标准曲线,对转基因小麦样品A进行定量检测,同时优化实时荧光PCR条件反应条件。定量检测结果为5.35%。结果:研究的实时荧光PCR技术对转基因小麦中转基因成分能够快速准确地进行定性定量检测。     

抗凝血酶Ⅲ转基因山羊外源基因拷贝数及其蛋白表达量的测定

目的:检测抗凝血酶Ⅲ(ATⅢ)转基因山羊外源基因的拷贝数及ATⅢ蛋白的表达量,分析拷贝数与蛋白表达量的相关性。方法:用Primer 5.0软件设计外源基因ATⅢ及山羊管家基因GAPDH的引物,以倍比稀释的标准品进行实时荧光定量PCR,制作标准曲线,通过标准曲线计算外源基因拷贝数;通过酶显色底物法检测ATⅢ蛋白的含量。结果:依据ATⅢ和GAPDH基因标准曲线方程计算得到的山羊个体间外源基因的拷贝数相差很大,最少的为5,最多为25,且不同转基因山羊间ATⅢ表达水平的差别达10倍以上。结论:外源基因表达水平在受到拷贝数的影响外,也受到整合位点等其他因素的重要影响。     

红系特异的GFP基因在转基因小鼠中的整合和表达

应用荧光定量PCR技术对由位点控制区LCR的HS2元件和 β 珠蛋白基因启动子指导的红系特异表达绿色荧光蛋白 (GFP)基因的转基因小鼠中外源基因拷贝数进行测定 ,使用荧光显微镜和流式细胞仪检测小鼠外周血中GFP的表达水平 ,并运用荧光原位杂交技术 (FISH)确定了其中两只转基因小鼠中外源基因的整合位点 ,结果表明 :在转基因小鼠中外源基因的拷贝数各不相同且相差较大 ,而且拷贝数与GFP基因的表达量之间未呈现出相关性 ;FISH分析确定出两只转基因小鼠的外源基因整合于不同的染色体上 ;杂交信号的强弱与拷贝数的多少相一致     

Taqman定量PCR技术检测基因编辑番茄中外源基因拷贝数体系的建立

近些年CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术已广泛应用于作物遗传育种中,经过拷贝数筛选得到的单拷贝基因编辑株系,可以进行遗传分离获得具有改良性状但不携带外源基因成分的非转基因植株,消除转基因安全性的风险。目前拷贝数的检测主要采用Southern杂交,但是该方法存在操作复杂,需要相对大量的植物材料等缺点,不能进行高通量的筛选。为建立简便高效的基因编辑番茄植株中外源基因拷贝数的检测体系,以内源性基因APX(抗坏血酸过氧化物酶基因)作为内参基因,外源性基因HPT(潮霉素磷酸转移酶基因)作为目的基因,利用Taqman法的实时荧光定量PCR技术,检测有12株PDS基因(八氢番茄红素脱氢酶基因)编辑番茄中外源抗性基因HPT的拷贝数为1,初步建立了一种检测基因编辑植株中外源基因整合拷贝数的方法,为快速可靠的筛选单拷贝改良株系奠定了一定的技术基础。     

外源性人TIMP-1基因在转基因小鼠染色体上的整合及定位

为探讨外源基因人基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制物-1（human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, hTIMP-1）基因在转基因小鼠家系染色体上的整合和精确定位,应用Southrn印迹检测外源基因在染色体上整合的位点及拷贝数.结果表明,外源基因是以单拷贝、单位点形式整合;应用荧光原位杂交（fluorescence in situ hybridization, FISH）技术检测F4～F20代转基因小鼠中外源基因的整合.结果证明,该家系转基因小鼠自F4代起是纯合子,外源基因整合在17号染色体E区;反向PCR法（Inverse PCR, IPCR）克隆出约3.8 kb外源基因整合位点处的侧翼序列.分析表明,外源基因整合在17号染色体E1.3区,ALK（anaplastic lymphoma kinase, ALK）基因第23个内含子区域.结果提示,获得的转基因小鼠为纯系,外源基因hTIMP-1已稳定整合在转基因小鼠染色体上,并能遗传给后代.     

转基因定量检测的不确定度研究

目前,欧盟、日本对转基因产品都实行基于转基因含量(阈值)强制标识制度。世界各国都采用实时荧光PCR方法来开展食品成分的相对定量检测工作,以样品的内、外源基因的拷贝数之比来近似代表样品中的转基因质量分数。为了便于用户正确理解检验结果,在转基因定量检测结果报告中必须报结果的不确定度,分析了转基因定量的不确定度来源,参照化学分析中的有关方法,给出了转基因定量检测中外源基因和内源基因的标准曲线的不确定度测算公式,并以转基因大豆为试材,利用方法的室内验证数据进行不确定度计算,可供相关实验室参考。     

Quantitative assay of 5-HT1A receptor gene expression in the brain

5-HT_1A receptors are involved in the regulation of various behaviors and the mechanism of action of anxiolytics and antidepressants. It is rather difficult to study the expression of the 5-HT_1A receptor gene in the brain because of the low concentration of its mRNA. A method developed for quantitating the level of 5-HT_1A receptor gene expression in brain structures involves estimation of the copy number for contaminant genomic DNA, the cDNA of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene (a housekeeping gene), and the 5-HT_1A receptor gene cDNA in a cDNA preparation. To estimate the GAPDH and 5-HT_1A receptor cDNA copy numbers, the fluorescent intensity of the corresponding PCR products is calibrated using genomic DNA standards of known concentrations. The expression of the 5-HT_1A receptor gene is corrected for the content of contaminant genomic DNA and presented as a 5-HT_1A receptor cDNA copy number per 100 copies of the GAPDH cDNA. The method was used to demonstrate for the first time that expression of the 5-HT_1A receptor gene is increased in the frontal cortex and the amygdala of mice knocked-out in the monoamine oxidase A gene.     

不同荧光定量PCR分析方法检测大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤中Caspase-3基因的表达研究

目的:应用实时荧光PCR检测大鼠脑缺血/再灌注损伤组织中的Caspase-3基因表达变化,并比较了相对定量与绝对定量分析方法的技术优劣.方法:相对定量实验中,以β-actin基因作为内参,采用Delta-delta Ct法计算目的基因表达变化.而在绝对定量实验中,构建了含Caspase-3基因的重组质粒,以该重组质粒作...     

Quantitative assay of 5-HT(1A) serotonin receptor gene expression in the brain

Serotonin 5-HT(1A) receptors participate in the regulation of many kinds of behavior and are implicated in the mechanism of action of anxiolitics and antidepressants. The investigation of 5-HT(1A) receptor gene expression is complicated by low concentration of the receptor mRNA. Our method of quantification of the receptor gene expression in brain structures includes estimation of the concentration of genomic DNA contamination, the number of cDNA copies of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)--one of the "housekeeping genes", and the number of cDNA copies of 5-HT(1A) receptor in the sample. To evaluate the number of cDNA copies of the receptor and GAPDH, the fluorescence intensity of PCR-product was calibrated using genomic DNA-standard of a known concentration. The intensity of 5-HT(1A) receptor gene expression was corrected by genomic DNA contamination and was evaluated as a number of copies of 5-HT(1A) receptor cDNA per 100 copies of GAPDH cDNA. Using this method an increase of 5-HT(1A) receptor gene expression in the frontal cortex and amygdala in monoamine oxidase A knockout mice was shown.     

Easy and rapid method of zygosity determination in transgenic mice by SYBR<Superscript>®</Superscript> Green real-time quantitative PCR with a simple data analysis

Establishment and maintenance of transgenic mouse strains require being able to distinguish homozygous from heterozygous animals. To date, the developed real-time quantitative PCR techniques are often complicated, time-consuming and expensive. Here, we propose a very easy and rapid method with a simple data analysis to determine zygosity in transgenic mice. We show that the real-time quantitative PCR using SYBR Green fluorescent dye can be applied to discriminate two-fold differences in copy numbers of the transgene. Our procedure has to fit only three simple requirements: (1) to design primers capable of detecting one Ct difference for two-fold differences in DNA amounts (2) to measure genomic DNA concentrations accurately and (3) to have a reference animal of known zygosity in each run. Then, if the Ct values for the control gene are similar in all samples, we are able to compare directly the Ct values for the transgene in every sample, and so, to deduce the zygosity status of each mouse relative to the reference animal. This method is really simple and reliable, and it may be valuable as a rapid screening tool for zygosity status in transgenic animals.     

乙型肝炎病毒蛋白和绿色荧光蛋白的共表达研究

目的：构建增强型绿色荧光蛋白（EGFP）标记的乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）真核表达载体,并研究其在真核细胞和小鼠体内的共表达。方法：以质粒pBR322-HBVadr2．0和pCX-EGFP为基础,构建含有双拷贝HBV全基因组DNA和EGFP基因的真核表达载体pCX-EGFP-HBVadr2．0,分别转染真核细胞和小鼠肝组织,建立体外、体内表达系统,研究GFP和HBV基因的表达。结果：构建了真核表达载体pCX-EGFP-HBVadr2．0,EGFP和HBV病毒蛋白在体内和体外均可表达。结论：构建的pCX-EGFP-HBVadr2．0真核表达载体可以GFP作为HBV存在与否的报告基因,提高了培育检测转基因小鼠的效率,为转基因小鼠的制备及后续研究奠定了基础。     

人乳铁蛋白 (hLF) 转基因山羊的遗传背景分析

以随机整合方式获得的转基因动物外源基因的拷贝数、整合位点及染色体核型等遗传背景并不清楚,可能会存在外源基因的沉默整合、无效整合、毒性整合以及其表达水平不可预测等问题。文中选取了6只原代(F0)及其相对应的子一代(F1)的人乳铁蛋白(hLF)转基因山羊作为研究对象,分别颈静脉采血、提取DNA,通过染色体核型分析、实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)、ELISA和Westernblotting等检测技术,研究其外源基因的遗传背景与表达水平。结果显示,6只F0代转基因山羊的染色体没有明显的形态变异、数量改变等异常情况。相对拷贝数高低不同(2–16),且能够稳定地遗传给下一代,F0和F1代hLF基因拷贝数一致。F1代转基因山羊表达hLF水平最高可达1.12 g/L(L3-1,拷贝数8)。结果表明,整合的外源基因能够稳定地遗传下一代,也没有对转基因山羊个体的生长发育造成障碍,而且拷贝数高低与hLF表达水平无明显的相关性,这为转基因山羊及其他转基因动物的新品种培育奠定了基础,解析了遗传背景。     

转基因抗草甘膦油菜的检测方法

目的:建立检测田间转基因抗草甘膦油菜的方法。方法:用CTAB法提取DNA,经PCR分别扩增内参基因BnACCg8,及抗草甘膦外源基因CP4-EPSPS、FMV 35S启动子和E9 3’终止子等4种基因的片段,以琼脂糖凝胶电泳对扩增产物进行分析比对。结果:抗草甘膦油菜中分别扩增出与外源基因FMV 35S启动子、E9 3’终止子和CP4-EPSPS大小一致的片段。结论:该方法能有效地用于转基因抗草甘膦油菜的检测。     

High-throughput assessment of transgene copy number in sugarcane using real-time quantitative PCR

Accurate and timely detection of transgene copy number in sugarcane is currently hampered by the requirement to use Southern blotting, needing relatively large amounts of genomic DNA and, therefore, the continued growth and maintenance of bulky plants in containment glasshouses. In addition, the sugarcane genome is both polyploid and aneuploid, complicating the identification of appropriate genes for use as references in the development of a high-throughput method. Using bioinformatic techniques followed by in vitro testing, two genes that appear to occur once per base genome of sugarcane were identified. Using these genes as reference genes, a high-throughput assay employing RT-qPCR was developed and tested using a group of sugarcane plants that contained unknown numbers of copies of the nptII gene encoding kanamycin resistance. Using this assay, transgene copy numbers from 3 to more than 50 were identified. In comparison, Southern blotting accurately identified the number of transgene copies for one line and by inference for another, but was not able to provide an accurate estimation for transgenic lines containing numerous copies of the nptII gene. Using the reference genes identified in this study, a high-throughput assay for the determination of transgene copy number was developed and tested for sugarcane. This method requires much less input DNA, can be performed much earlier in the production of transgenic sugarcane plants and allows much more efficient assessment of numerous potentially transgenic lines than Southern blotting.     

The increase in mitochondrial DNA copy number in the tissues of gamma-irradiated mice

Changes in the number of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copies in the brain and spleen tissues of gamma-irradiated (3 Gy) mice were studied by comparative analysis of the long-extension PCR products of mtDNA (15.9 kb) and a fragment of the cluster nuclear beta-globin gene (8.7 kb) amplified simultaneously in one and the same test-tube within total DNA. The analysis showed that, compared to the nuclear beta-globin gene, an increase in mtDNA copy number (polyploidization) took place in the brain and spleen cells of mice exposed to gamma-radiation. This data led to the suggestion that the major mechanism for maintenance of the mitochondrial genome, which is constantly damaged by endogenous ROS and easily affected by ionizing radiation or other exogenous factors, is the induction of synthesis of new mtDNA copies on intact or little affected mtDNA templates because the repair systems in the mitochondria function at a low level of efficiency.