叶绿素荧光动力学参数的意义及讨论

叶绿素荧光动力学技术被称为研究植物光合功能的快速、无损伤探针。但其参数众多，且名称及在参数的生物学意义解释上存在不规范和混乱现象。本文通过对这些问题的讨论旨在引起使用者的注意，并探讨正确使用这些参数的途径。     

藏汉通婚子代的肤纹参数研究＊

本文首次较为完整地报道了藏汉通婚子代群体的14项肤纹参数（其中藏父汉思及汉父藏母各100 例），并将这些肤纹参数分别与其藏汉父母样本的有关肤纹参数进行比较，再与1000例藏族及1040例 汉族两个大样本的有关肤纹参数进行比较。结果表明：藏汉后代的肤纹特征介于藏族和汉族之间，提示 肤纹参数的多因子遗传本质。     

儿童的惯性－惯量特征及其生长

本文应用排水法得到儿童肢体沿长轴的体积分布函数。根据关于人类肢体体积－质量的假定，肢体的质心、转动惯量及旋转半径等动力学常数可由前述的体积分布函数中求出。本文结果显示，部分力学参数与儿童的生长有着密切的联系，并受到性别的影响。因此，这些参数可以用来作为儿童的生长指标。以往数据的离散性表明，无论从系统上或技术上，这一领域都有许多工作要做。     

多个数量性状的拓广遗传参数

运用多元分析方法定义了拓广表型方差(?)(generalized phenotypic variance),拓广遗传方差(?)(generalized genetic variance),拓广遗传力(?)(generalized heritability)和拓广遗传相关系数(?)(generalized genetic correlation coefficient): 这些参数可用来对多个数量性状总体的变异、协变异及不同组向量之间的相关性进行轮廓分析(profile analysis)。用棉花和紫花苜蓿的两个实例说明了这些参数的估算和应用。     

参数序列比对算法研究

序列比对是生物信息学中的一项重要任务，通过序列比对可以发现生物序列中的功能、结构和进化的信息。序列比对结果的生物学意义与所选择的匹配、不匹配、插入和删除以及空隙的罚分函数密切相关。现介绍一种参数序列比对方法，该方法把最佳比对作为权值和罚分的函数，可以系统地得到参数的选择对最佳比对结果的影响。然后将其应用于RNA序列比对，分析不同的参数选择对序列比对结果的影响。最后指出参数序列比对算法的应用以及未来的发展方向。     

福建沙溪口水电站库区混合输移参数研究

本文以沙溪口水电站水库为例,对河道式水库混合输移参数的识别作了若干研究。阐述示踪实验确定这些参数的原理、方法,提供沙溪口电站库区河段枯水期的参数值。在示踪实验基础上,提出适用于水电站不同运行状态混合输移参数的估算公式。可为有关部门研究水环境容量,制订水质规划等提供参考。     

影响数量性状遗传参数估测的两个因素

以家蚕试验数据为例，讨论了基因型与环境的互作效应以及小样本数据对数量性状遗传参数的影响。结果指出，对于存在基因型与环境互作效应的性状，应采用多五限竟的试验设计来估测遗传参数，对于遗传力较低的性状，应采用较大的样本来估测遗传参数，这样才能得到准确的结论。     

胶州湾生物-物理耦合模型参数灵敏度分析

参数灵敏度分析旨在评价模型中各参数对模拟结果的影响程度,是参数优化和模型校正的基础步骤,也是认识模型行为的重要工具。所建的胶州湾生物-物理耦合模型包括浮游植物、浮游动物、营养盐、碎屑和溶解氧5类状态变量,对其涉及的50个参数进行灵敏度分析,得到3个非常灵敏性参数、2个灵敏性参数、11个比较灵敏性参数和34个不太灵敏性参数。非常灵敏及灵敏性参数包括浮游植物生长速率(μPRPC)、暗反应修正因子(FAC)、光饱和强度(α)、浮游植物死亡率(μDEPC)和水体消光系数(bla),主要影响浮游植物生长和死亡过程,反映了浮游植物在生态系统中的基础性和重要性作用。这5个参数显著地影响碳和营养盐循环,是整个胶州湾生态系统最主要的影响参数,应优先进行优化。比较灵敏性参数的影响主要表现在营养盐对浮游植物生长或死亡的限制以及温度对光饱和量的限制,浮游动物生长、牧食和死亡过程以及浮游植物生物量对牧食的限制,叶绿素a的生产,缺氧条件下沉积物释放磷以及浮游植物对磷的摄取等过程,这些参数对于各状态变量的灵敏性存在不同程度的差异,从而表征不同的特点。与不太灵敏性参数相关的过程主要为叶绿素a和碎屑消光作用,温度对浮游植物生长、浮游动物牧食、碎屑和沉积物矿化的限制,碎屑和沉积物矿化与沉降,与无机氮相关的大部分过程,溶解氧浓度变化等,这些过程除了受模型内部参数影响外,还在很大程度上受水深、海水温度和陆源污染等外部因素影响。比较灵敏及不太灵敏性参数影响模型局部过程,是模型校正的重要依据,除了非常灵敏及灵敏性参数以外,叶绿素a、浮游动物、碎屑和无机磷四种状态变量可分别根据叶绿素a最大生产系数(K CHmax)、浮游动物一级死亡率(μDEZC1)、有机碎屑矿化率(μREDC)和浮游植物磷摄取的半饱和常数(h UPPP)进行校正。与营养盐相关参数的灵敏度分析表明,胶州湾浮游植物处于磷限制,无机氮主要受陆源排污影响。因此,对无机氮的校正主要通过合理设置沿岸河流径流量或陆源污染物浓度与比例以及无机氮初始场。溶解氧对各参数均不太灵敏。     

正廿面体病毒衣壳参数的研究

本项研究从多学科的不同角度出发,对正廿面体病毒衣壳参数进行了深入研究.整理和开发出衣壳参数50多个,对其每一个参数的概念、含义、来源、参数值和参数间的关系作了明确的认定,并阐述了衣壳参数的理论意义及其应用价值.     

棉纤维品质性状差异形成机制的研究

应用ＨＶＩ９００ 测试系统和Ｘ 射线计算机多峰分离方法分别测量了棉纤维品质性状和取向参数，研究表明两者存在着显著的相关性，并建立了它们间的相关关系式。棉纤维品质性状的差异主要是由其超分子结构参数－ 微原纤螺旋角和微晶取向离散角决定的。     

Plant cyclins: a unified nomenclature for plant A-, B- and D-type cyclins based on sequence organization

The comparative analysis of a large number of plant cyclins of the A/B family has recently revealed that plants possess two distinct B-type groups and three distinct A-type groups of cyclins [1]. Despite earlier uncertainties, this large-scale comparative analysis has allowed an unequivocal definition of plant cyclins into either A or B classes. We present here the most important results obtained in this study, and extend them to the case of plant D-type cyclins, in which three groups are identified. For each of the plant cyclin groups, consensus sequences have been established and a new, rational, plant-wide naming system is proposed in accordance with the guidelines of the Commission on Plant Gene Nomenclature. This nomenclature is based on the animal system indicating cyclin classes by an upper-case roman letter, and distinct groups within these classes by an arabic numeral suffix. The naming of plant cyclin classes is chosen to indicate homology to their closest animal class. The revised nomenclature of all described plant cyclins is presented, with their classification into groups CycA1, CycA2, CycA3, CycB1, CycB2, CycD1, CycD2 and CycD3.     

锦鸡儿属(豆科)一新组合

中间锦鸡儿(Caragana korshinskii var. intermedia), 与柠条锦鸡儿(C. korshinskii)和小叶锦鸡儿(C. microphylla)是近缘种.但以前有不同的分类学名称和处理,本文把它作为柠条锦鸡儿的一个变种(C. korshinskii Kom. var. intermedia (Kuang et H. C. Fu) M. L. Zhang & G. H. Zhu)来处理.     

Contribution to the nomenclatural knowledge of Fagus sylvatica woodlands of southern Italy

The present paper deals with some nomenclatural notes regarding two important southern Italian beech phytosociological associations such as Aquifolio-Fagetum and Asyneumato-Fagetum which were described about 30 years ago and which still represent the most widespread Fagus sylvatica communities in southern Italy. According to the ICPN, Aquifolio-Fagetum is confirmed to be a nomen illegitimum. This name must be substituted with the name Anemono-Fagetum (Gentile 1970) Brullo 1983. Moreover, Aremonio-Fagetum Hofmann 1961, a beech forest type very similar to the Aquifolio-Fagetum is a nomen invalidum. As far as the Asyneumato-Fagetum Gentile 1970 is concerned, in our opinion it represents a later syntaxonomical synonym of the Ranunculo brutii-Fagetum Bonin 1967. Geranio-Fagion Gentile 1970 and Lamio-Fagenion Gentile 1970 are typified. A new suballiance named Doronico-Fagenion (describing the beech community types of the low montane belt), deriving from the lowering of the rank of the former alliance Doronico-Fagion Ubaldi et al. ex Ubaldi 1995, is proposed.     

关于几个叶肢介化石属名的注解

Bean(1836)在上个世纪曾描述过英国约克郡北部斯卡伯勒附近格里斯托普湾(Gristhorpe Bay)中侏罗统巴柔阶(相当 E.(o.) sauzei带)克洛顿组(Cloughton Formation)格里斯托普层的一些化石,包括双壳类 Unio distortus Bean, 介形类 Cypris concentrica Bean 和 Cypris arcuata Bean (Cypris M?ller, 1776). 嗣后不久, Jones(1862)认为 C.concentrica 是一个叶肢介化石并将这个种归入了 Estheria R?ppell, 1837.本世纪50年代,苏联学者诺沃日     

Ceci n'est pas une pipe: names, clades and phylogenetic nomenclature

An introduction is provided to the literature and to issues relating to phylogenetic nomenclature and the PhyloCode, together with a critique of the current Linnaean system of nomenclature. The Linnaean nomenclature fixes taxon names with types, and associates the names with ranks (genus, family, etc.). In phylogenetic nomenclature, names are instead defined with reference to cladistic relationships, and the names are not associated with ranks. We argue that taxon names under the Linnaean system are unclear in meaning and provide unstable group–name associations, notwithstanding whether or not there are agreements on relationships. Furthermore, the Linnaean rank assignments lack justification and invite unwarranted comparisons across taxa. On the contrary, the intention of taxon names in phylogenetic nomenclature is clear and stable, and the application of the names will be unambiguous under any given cladistic hypothesis. The extension of the names reflects current knowledge of relationships, and will shift as new hypotheses are forwarded. The extension of phylogenetic names is, therefore, clear but is associated to (and thus dependent upon) cladistic hypotheses. Stability in content can be maximized with carefully formulated name definitions. A phylogenetic nomenclature will shift the focus from discussions of taxon names towards the understanding of relationships. Also, we contend that species should not be recognized as taxonomic units. The term ‘species’ is ambiguous, it mixes several distinct classes of entities, and there is a large gap between most of the actual concepts and the evidence available to identify the entities. Instead, we argue that only clades should be recognized. Among these, it is useful to tag the smallest named clades, which all represent non-overlapping groups. Such taxa  – LITUs (Least Inclusive Taxonomic Units) – are distinguished from more inclusive clades by being spelled with lower-case initial letter. In contrast to species, LITUs are conceptually straightforward and are, like other clades, identified by apomorphies.     

Standard nomenclature for primate breeding and husbandry

Managers of primate colonies seek to record colony data in a systematic way which will be helpful in daily management. Each colony develops individual record systems, tailored to its specific operations and budget. These diversified systems provide the base for a set of uniform record items, which enables information to be shared among institutions, and used for the overall management of a self-sustaining captive primate population, as well as for national planning of primate resources. The present report identifies basic information needed for local colony management and data items that require standard nomenclature. Such data will provide the basic demographic profiles unavailable at most primate colonies today.     

A contribution to the nomenclature of depsipeptides.

Depsipeptides, also called peptolides, are a class of peptidic compounds in which an amide bond has been replaced with an ester bond. The literature does not clearly display rules for the nomenclature of such compounds. Here a method is proposed to transcribe drawn depsipeptide structures in one-line text.     

Nomenclature of fatty acid-binding proteins

Summary A variety of designations is currently being used to refer to cellular fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs). Besides from the use of other general names (e.g. Z protein), confusion mostly arises from the application of various abbreviations and symbols to denote the tissue(s) of origin and cellular localization (cytoplasm, plasma membrane) of a specific FABP. In order to minimize confusion a more unified and rational nomenclature is proposed, which is based on application of the formula X-FABPy. The prefix X is a capital letter indicating the tissue of greatest abundance, the suffix Y similarly denotes the (sub)cellular localization of the protein. The general and functional name fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) is preferred for the cellular proteins with the property to bind fatty acids, unless future research reveals that the binding of fatty acids is not the primary biological property or physiological role of (some of) these proteins.     

A new species of Rhus (Anacardiaceae), endemic to serpentine near Barberton, Mpumalanga (Eastern Transvaal), South Africa

Rhus pygmaea , a new species endemic to amphibolitic serpentine soils near Barberton, Mpumalanga (Eastern Transvaal) is described and illustrated. It has affinities with R. pondoensis Schonl., but differs primarily in its dwarf habit, narrower leaflets, reduced inflorescence and male flowers having a conical pistillode.