陕西省鸟类新纪录

在整理历年来采集鸟类标本中发现陕西省鸟类新纪录6种,目前陕西鸟类达392种及亚种。现简述如下。(量度以毫米、衡度以克为单位)。灰斑鸻Pluvialis squatarola(Linnaecis)l♀,1985·10·27,汉中市龙江。体重216.5,体长298,翅长194,嘴峰29,跗蹠51,尾长78.2。成体。苍鹰西藏亚种Accipiter gentilis khamensis(Bianchi)1♀,1986·1·20,汉中市褒河。体重380,体长490,翅长345,嘴峰24,跗蹠75,胫长87,尾长245。亚成体。鬼鸮甘肃亚种Aegotius funereus beickianus Streeman1♀,1982·4·14,汉中市汉中师范学院校园内。体重140,体长212,翅长158,嘴…     

四川发现毛腿沙鸡

1991年12月30日、1992年1月7日,在四川省金堂县赵镇朱家林河漫滩小麦地中采到毛腿沙鸡(Syrrhaptes paradoxus)3只(3♀,2♂)。1♂体重232克,体长402,嘴峰11,翅长242,尾长210,跗蹠21mm。1♀体重207克,体长348,嘴峰10,翅长231,尾长168,跗蹠18mm。     

青藏高原褐背拟地鸦表型特征的性别差异与地理变异

将数值分类用于鸟类分类学研究时,对于雌雄的形态特征差异没有被重视,尤其是对于雌雄同形的鸟类。本文以雌雄同形的褐背拟地鸦Pseudopodoces humilis为材料,运用SPSSl0．0FORwINDOwS统计分析软件对108号褐背拟地鸦标本(51♀♀,57♂♂)的数量性状(体长、跗跖长、翅长、尾长、嘴宽、嘴高、上喙长、下喙长、嘴裂、第3趾爪长、第1趾爪长)的原始数据进行分析,结果表明雌、雄性状在翅长(n＝51,P＝0．012)和嘴高(n＝57,P＝0．043)上有明显差异,但在体长、跗跖长、尾长、嘴宽、上喙长、下喙长、嘴裂、第3趾爪长、第1趾爪长等数值特征上却没有明显的差异。所以在以后对于褐背拟地鸦的地理种群变异和亚种分化的研究中,翅长和嘴高两特征应该根据雌雄分别讨论。通过对不同性状量度和纬度的相关回归分析,发现在测量标本所涉及的采集地范围内,即主要在青藏高原东南部地区,褐背拟地鸦体长和雄乌的翅长在地理分布上随纬度的增加而变小,而其它性状特征没有明显的地理分布纬度上的变化。     

东方田鼠两亚种幼体生长特征参数的比较

在相同驯养条件下同步测定东方田鼠(Microtus fortis)指名亚种和长江亚种幼体的生长特征参数。两亚种初生幼体表型特征无明显差异。采用Von Bertalanffy生长模型对两亚种幼体的体重、体长和尾长,以Logistic生长方程对后足长生长过程进行拟合与描述。指名亚种雄体渐近体重、体长和尾长均大于或显著大于长江亚种,雌体前者小于后者;两亚种在17~20 d体重均已产生性二型分化,长江亚种两性个体渐近体重、体长和尾长差值大于指名亚种。两亚种雌体体重、体长、尾长和后足生长速率均相应地大于雄体,体重生长曲线拐点出现时间、瞬时生长率曲线拐点出现时间较体长、尾长和后足长明显迟缓。两亚种两性个体的后足长生长速率要大于其体重、体长和尾长。结果表明,(1)雌体较雄体早熟;(2)雄性体重指名亚种大于长江亚种,雌体相反,指名亚种性二型现象较长江亚种明显;(3)后足长较体重、体长和尾长较早地达到成熟时的大小;(4)两亚种幼体性二型分化时间早于其性成熟过程。     

安县发现毛腿沙鸡

1991年12月14日,在四川省安县花荄镇海拔500米的安昌河边采得一只雄性毛腿沙鸡(Syrrhaptes paradoxus)。体重224克;全长320,嘴峰16,翅长250,尾长200,跗蹠长21毫米。嘴为鸡嘴状,足仅3趾,均黑灰色;跗蹠和     

陕西省雁鸭类两种新纪录

1985年至1987年3月,我们在汉中地区野鸭资源调查中,发现两种雁鸭类的新纪录。至今陕西省鸟类有394种及亚种。两新纪录种简况如下:(量衡度以毫米及克为单位)。翘鼻麻鸭Tadornatadorna(Linné)性别♂(1)、♀♀.(3),体重1090、876.7,体长605、533,嘴峰58、46.3,翅长337、294,尾长147、118,跗蹠67、49.5。采集地:汉江河汉中市铺镇大梁段,1985.Ⅱ.5。四只翘鼻麻鸭,是由猎人邓新华一枪所获,当时该群约70—80只,在当地属冬候鸟。凤头潜鸭Aythyafuligule(Linné)性别♂♂(3),体重760—790(775),体长43.5—46(44.7),嘴峰40—42(41),翅长204—219(20…     

四川鸟类新纪录

近几年来,著者在进行金堂地区鸟类资源调查过程中,发现下列5种另1亚种是四川鸟类新纪录。量度单位:体重(克),长度(毫米)。1.灰脸鵟鹰Butastur indicus(Gmelin)1985年9月13日采于金堂盐井乡三岔村,海拔约850米。1986年10月4日又在盐井乡老牛坡采得1只。两地均属龙泉山脉,该鸟在金堂属旅鸟。2♀,体重580、540,体长430、410,翼长333、317,嘴峰30、28,尾长205、191,跗蹠60、52。头顶及后颈均棕褐色,各羽有黑色干纹。眼先灰白,耳羽、颊暗灰。尾上复羽灰褐具白端,尾下复羽纯白,尾羽灰褐具四道较宽阔的黑色横斑,末端灰白。2.长尾灰伯劳(指名亚种)…     

树麻雀表型的环境适应进化

树麻雀(Passer montanus)分布范围广、海拔梯度大,也是人类活动的伴随物种。对中国837个样本的10个形态特征与温度、日照、海拔和风速等4个主要环境因子进行相关分析,结果显示:树麻雀的体重、嘴裂、翅长、尾长、跗跖长、脑骨宽、眼间距与日照因子显著相关(P0.05),体重、体长、翅长、尾长、跗跖长与海拔因子显著相关(P0.05),体重、嘴峰、翅长、脑骨长与温度因子显著相关(P0.05),表明树麻雀的形态指标易随环境因子的变化而变化。通过控制经度和海拔两个变量,对形态指标与纬度的偏相关分析表明,体重、翅长、脑骨长和脑骨宽与纬度呈显著正相关(P0.05),体表突出部分嘴峰、嘴裂与纬度呈显著负相关(P0.05),即随着纬度的升高,树麻雀身体逐渐变大,符合贝格曼规律;体表突出部分嘴峰和嘴裂随纬度升高变短,符合阿伦规律。飞行能力与海拔因子呈极显著正相关(n=92,r=0.217,P=0.038),表明树麻雀在高海拔地区具有更强的飞行能力,这也许是它成为广布种的重要原因。     

宁夏鸟类新纪录

本文将近年在宁夏各地新发现的十种鸟类整理报道如下:1.黑鹳Ciconia nigra见于中卫和青铜峡。银川市中山公园1984年6月曾在青铜峡收到一对幼鹳,目前还在饲养。夏候鸟。2.赤膀鸭Arias strepera1♂,1984.Ⅲ.14.采于银川郊区黄河岸边。体重523克(单位下同)。体长539、尾长111、翅长276、嘴峰43、跗蹠37毫米(单位下同)。全身浅灰棕色;腹下灰白色;翼镜白色,前面有黑斑。旅鸟。3.红头潜鸭Aythya ferisa1♂,1984.Ⅲ.14.采于银川郊区黄河岸边。体重900、体长480、尾长50、翅长210、嘴峰47、跗蹠37。头和颈栗红色;翼镜灰色。旅鸟。4.斑头秋沙鸭Merg…     

笼养0～15周龄黑颈长尾雉生长曲线拟合与分析

为了探讨黑颈长尾雉Syrmaticus humiae雏鸟的生长发育规律,本研究对0~15周龄黑颈长尾雉的体重、跗跖长、嘴峰长、体长和翅长进行了测定,利用Logistic、Gompertz和von Bertalanffy三种非线性模型对黑颈长尾雉的各量度指标进行了拟合和分析。结果表明,体重、跗跖长、嘴峰长和体长的生长过程用Logistic模型拟合效果更佳(R20.97),而翅长更适合用von Bertalanffy模型拟合(R2=0.9899),其生长拐点分别为:体重(16.31 w,439.552 g)、跗跖长(7.70 w,38.519 mm)、嘴峰长(2.52 w,8.810 mm)、体长(5.01 w,180.020 mm)和翅长(1.82 w,81.055 mm)。运用三种模型对黑颈长尾雉雏鸟生长曲线的拟合是可行的,黑颈长尾雉的体重、跗跖长、嘴峰长、体长和翅长之间的相关性均极显著(P0.01),其中跗跖长与其他各指标间的相关性最好(R2均在0.94以上),跗跖长可作为衡量黑颈长尾雉雏鸟生长发育的参考指标。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.