河南省绯鼠耳蝠新纪录

绯鼠耳蝠Myotis formosus又称丽鼠耳蝠、红黑鼠耳蝠等,隶属于翼手目Chiroptera蝙,蝠科Vespertilionidae蝙蝠亚科Vespertilioninae鼠耳蝠属Myotis.2006年12月20日于河南省南阳市桐柏山熊洞(2°62′N,113°68′E,海拔301 m)发现一冬眠群共31只色彩鲜艳的蝙蝠,仅采集5只,外形测量后分离头骨,毛皮做成剥制标本保存于河南师范大学生命科学学院标本馆.经进一步鉴定,确定为绯鼠耳蝠华南亚种Myotis formous rufoniger,为河南省蝙蝠新纪录.     

湖南发现的中蹄蝠形态结构及系统发育研究

2015年7月26日在湖南省衡东县四方山国有林场仙妃洞(26°58′25″N,113°3′23″E,海拔463 m)进行哺乳动物多样性调查时通过雾网采集到一只蹄蝠标本(HUNNU15SF42,雌性),2016年7月28日在该处调查时通过同样的方法又采集到一只蹄蝠标本(HUNNU16SF21,雄性),两只蝙蝠体型中等,头体长分别为66.46 mm和69.19 mm,颅全长分别为22.14 mm和21.88 mm,齿式为1.1.2.3/2.1.2.3=30。带回实验室经过形态对比和Cyt b基因序列鉴定,确认这两只蹄蝠为蹄蝠科(Hipposideridae)蹄蝠属(Hipposideros)中蹄蝠(Hipposideros larvatus),属于湖南省翼手目新纪录,标本保存于湖南师范大学脊椎动物标本馆。     

广东省发现长指鼠耳蝠及其回声定位声波特征

2013年7月在广东南岭国家级自然保护区阳山县境内(24°48′39.5′′N,112°51′01.3′′E,海拔155 m)捕捉到4只雄性蝙蝠,体型小,前臂长34.1~34.7 mm,颅全长14.3~14.7 mm;体毛浓密,背毛毛基黑色,毛尖灰色,腹毛黑或棕色,毛尖奶油白,靠近肛门处腹毛浅灰色,些许白色;翼膜附着于跖部末端;后足特别延展,长度超过胫骨长之半;鉴定为长指鼠耳蝠[Myotis longipes(Dobson1873)]。同时,基于Cyt b基因序列(1 140 bp)构建的部分鼠耳蝠物种系统进化关系,进一步确认上述标本为长指鼠耳蝠,为广东省翼手目新纪录。该种蝙蝠在我国贵州、广西、重庆有分布记载,但标本和相关资料很少。本文给出了长指鼠耳蝠的外形和头骨特征测量数据,并与印度的标本进行了对比。长指鼠耳蝠的回声定位声波为调频型(FM),主频率为68.2 k Hz;此外,对其分类地位和分布状况进行了讨论。标本保存于广东省生物资源应用研究所。     

广东发现泰坦尼亚彩蝠及其回声定位声波特征

于2014年4月在广东封开黑石顶省级自然保护区,使用竖琴网采集到4只体形较小的雌性蝙蝠样本,其形态特征为无鼻叶结构,具漏斗状耳廓和披针形耳屏,前臂长32.30~34.11 mm,胫骨长16.47~17.72 mm;头骨较扁平,颅全长13.99~14.59 mm,脑颅高4.66~5.17 mm;齿式为2.1.3.3/3.1.3.3=38。经鉴定为泰坦尼亚彩蝠(Kerivoula titania),是广东省翼手目分布新纪录。首次报道了该种蝙蝠的回声定位声波特征,声波类型属于调频(FM)型,峰频(114.3±3.9)k Hz,带宽(117.8±12.3)k Hz,脉冲持续时间(1.7±0.3)ms,脉冲间隔时间(12.9±1.3)ms。标本现保存于广州大学生命科学学院。     

湖北省和江苏省发现尼泊尔鼠耳蝠

2013年4月在湖北省十堰市房县野人洞(31°55'8.3″N,110°43'56.5″E,海拔282 m)捕捉到11号鼠耳蝠标本(5雄6雌),同时在江苏省宜兴市灵谷洞(31°13'20.9″N,119°44'23.3″E,海拔123 m)捕捉到5号鼠耳蝠标本(1雄4雌)。上述鼠耳蝠标本体型较小,前臂长33.6～37.5 mm,颅全长11.2～13.8 mm;后足长不及胫骨长之半;背毛基部黑色,毛尖棕色有时更多显现浅红灰色,腹毛基部黑色但毛尖淡灰白;上颌前臼齿(P3)位于齿列之中。经鉴定均为尼泊尔鼠耳蝠(Myotis nipalensis),分别为湖北省和江苏省翼手目新纪录。本文给出了尼泊尔鼠耳蝠的外形和头骨特征及其相关测量数据,并与来自青海、尼泊尔的标本进行了对比;同时对其回声定位信号进行室内录制及分析;此外对其分类地位和分布状况进行了讨论。标本保存于广东省昆虫研究所。     

毛翼管鼻蝠在广西和江西分布新纪录及其性二型现象

于2013年分别在广西北流大容山和江西井冈山用蝙蝠竖琴网分别采集到1只和9只蝙蝠标本,主要特征为:体型中型,鼻部前端呈短管状,背部毛基黄褐色,毛尖褐栗色,头骨和牙齿均粗壮。在室内使用Pettersson D500X超声波接收仪录制其静止和飞行状态下的回声定位信号,其超声波为FM型,飞行状态下主频率51.3~59.0 k Hz。根据形态特征鉴定该蝙蝠为毛翼管鼻蝠Harpiocephalus harpia,是广西和江西两省翼手目分布新纪录。对该种蝙蝠雌雄标本进行对比发现,6项外部形态和头骨指标上的差异有统计学意义,支持该种具有性二型现象。标本现保存于广州大学。     

南蝠海南岛分布新纪录、回声定位信号和ND1分析

2007年11月于海南省保亭黎族苗族自治县毛感乡网捕到5只蝙蝠标本.形态特征及线粒体DNAND1基因序列的研究证实其为蝙蝠科南蝠属南蝠(Ia io),该物种为海南岛翼手目新纪录.本文详述了海南岛南蝠的形态与回声定位信号特征,并与该物种已报道的数据进行了比较.     

广东省翼手目新纪录——宽耳犬吻蝠及其回声定位叫声特征

2013年6月和9月在广东省英德市郊碧落洞(24°06'56.9'N,113°21'10.0'E,海拔88 m)分别捕捉到5号和1号蝙蝠标本(均为雌性)。上述蝙蝠体型较大,前臂长60.4~63.3 mm,胫骨长18.0 mm,颅全长24.8 mm,颅基长23.9 mm;耳大,双耳前基部在额部相联,上唇肥厚且具24~26个硬瘤,尾从尾膜后缘伸出一半,毛色土褐,双色;颅骨大,腭缘缺刻深,长大于宽。经鉴定为宽耳犬吻蝠Tadarida insignis,为广东省翼手目新纪录。本文给出了宽耳犬吻蝠的外形和头骨特征,并与来自安徽、山东和日本的标本进行了对比;同时对其回声定位信号进行了分析。标本保存于广东省昆虫研究所。     

江西省蝙蝠新纪录——褐扁颅蝠及其核型报道

2013年8月在江西井冈山采集到1只体型很小的雌性蝙蝠,其主要特征为:体重仅为4.7 g,前臂长25.21 mm;大拇指基部和足掌具肉垫;头颅骨扁平,颅高约为颅宽的1/2。经鉴定为褐扁颅蝠Tylonycteris robustula,是江西省首次采集、记录到该种蝙蝠,属该省翼手目新纪录,并在国内首次报道其核型:2n=32,FN=52。     

河南济源发现亚洲宽耳蝠

2016年2月于河南省济源市邵原镇引水渠黄背角村段(35°15′8.4″N,112°6′34.5″E,海拔658 m),采集到1只冬眠的雄性宽耳蝠。其前臂长40.4 mm,外耳廓近方形,具明显横嵴,并在额部相连,无耳突,耳屏呈三角形;头骨较扁平,颅全长为14.9 mm;齿式为2.1.2.3/3.1.2.3=34。通过外部形态、头骨参数、分子数据(Cyt b和ND1基因)比对,鉴定为亚洲宽耳蝠(Barbastella leucomelas),是河南省翼手目分布新纪录,标本现保存于河南理工大学资源环境学院。     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV     

Mink Circovirus Can Infect Minks,Foxes and Raccoon Dogs

正Dear Editor,Mink circovirus (MiCV), which is clustered in the genus Circovirus of the family Circoviridae, was first described in minks from farms in Dalian, China in 2013 (Lian et al.2014). The complete single-stranded circular genome of the virus is 1,753 nucleotides long and contains two major open reading frames (ORFs), designated ORF1 (Rep gene)and ORF2 (Cap gene)(Lian et al. 2014; Ge et al. 2018).Sequence analysis has shown that MiCV is most closely     

CypA Regulates AIP4-Mediated M1 Ubiquitination of Influenza A Virus

Cyclophilin A (CypA) is a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase that interacts with the matrix protein (M1) of influenza A virus (IAV) and restricts virus replication by regulating the ubiquitin–proteasome-mediated degradation of M1. However,the mechanism by which CypA regulates M1 ubiquitination remains unknown. In this study, we reported that E3 ubiquitin ligase AIP4 promoted K48-linked ubiquitination of M1 at K102 and K104, and accelerated ubiquitin–proteasome-mediated degradation of M1. The recombinant IAV with mutant M1 (K102 R/K104 R) could not be rescued, suggesting that the ubiquitination of M1 at K102/K104 was essential for IAV replication. Furthermore, CypA inhibited AIP4-mediated M1 ubiquitination by impairing the interaction between AIP4 and M1. More importantly, both the mutations of M1 (K102 R/K104 R) and CypA inhibited the nuclear export of M1, indicating that CypA regulates the cellular localization of M1 via inhibition of AIP4-mediated M1 ubiquitination at K102 and K104, which results in the reduced replication of IAV.Collectively, our findings reveal a novel ubiquitination-based mechanism by which CypA regulates the replication of IAV.