海南东寨港国家级自然保护区

东寨港国家级自然保护区是我国列入湿地公约国际重要湿地之一,主要保护红树林。全世界的红树林约有４０种,我国有２４种,东寨港就有１９种,是我国红树林最多的地方。红树林分布在我国广东、广西、福建、海南和台湾辽阔的滩涂上,是热带海潮间特有木本植物群落,它依赖...     

带“菜”字的四个科（一）：—柳叶菜科与千屈菜科

分布广的柳叶菜说到柳叶菜科,人们往往对它的中名产生兴趣。的确,柳叶菜科中有许多种的叶片狭似柳树叶。这个科大多为草本植物,很少为灌木。有20属、600种左右,我国有8属、70种。其中柳叶菜属的种类最多,有200种,我国有36种。柳叶菜属的拉丁文名为Epilobium.此名称缘于希腊文     

囊萼花属─—中国玄参科新记录属及—新种

报道了我国玄参科的一个新记录属──囊萼花属ＣｙｒｔａｎｄｒｏｍｏｅａＺｏｌｌ，该属为印度－马来西亚分布，它经过泰国北部，缅甸与我国发生连系，到达我国云南贡山、屏边、金平。全世界有１１—１２种，我国（云南）首次记录两种，其中一种为新种。     

牛油树种仁脂的甘油三酯组成

牛油树(Butyrospermum parikii Kotschy,山榄科)是一种木本油料植物。原产非洲,我国引入云南元江干热河谷地区栽培。 牛油树种仁脂为黄色固体脂。国外有资料报道它的脂肪酸成分和甘油三酯组成;我国引种的牛油树,报道过它的理化性质和脂肪酸成分和甘油三酯初步分析。     

东亚钳蝎的形态和习性

蝎是属于节肢动物门蛛形纲蝎目(Scorpio-nes)的一类动物。全世界约有6科600种。我国已有记载的仅15种。东亚钳蝎 Buthus mar-tensii Karsch,1879是我国最常见的一种,分布于内蒙古、辽宁、河北、河南、山东、安徽、江苏,直到福建一带。它是我国一种重要的药用动物,     

铁树开花

铁树又叫苏铁,为裸子植物门苏铁科苏铁属植物。它是一种古老植物的孑遗,故有“活化石”之称。现在我国有苏铁属植物十一个种,占世界该属植物总数的一半。     

杜仲的经济价值——建议将杜仲栽培纳入绿化全国的造林规划。

杜仲是我国的特产杜仲(Eucommia ulmoides oliv)又名丝棉木,属于杜仲科(Eucommiaceae),是我国的特产,它是一种药材又是硬橡膠资源。过去因为它的树皮是一种价值很贵的中药,受到滥伐和剥皮,经调查,各地已经没有野生的杜仲林,而只有零星栽培的树。杜仲在我国的分佈范围很广,黄河以南,一直到两广的北部都有它的蹤跡。据调查,原有杜仲及引种的省份有:山东、河南、陕西、甘肃、江苏、安徽、湖北、四川、浙江、江西、湖南、贵州、云南、广西计     

囊萼花属—中国玄参科新记录属及一新种

报道了我国玄参科的一个新记录属－囊萼花属ＣｙｒｔａｎｄｒｏｍｏｅａＺｏｌｌ，该属为印度－马来西亚分布，它经过泰国北部，缅甸与我国发生连系，到达我国云南贡山、屏边、金平。全世界有１１－１２种，我国（云南）首次记录两种，其中一种为新种。     

牻牛儿苗科植物

牻牛儿苗科植物种类我识之甚少,然对此科却极有印象,在草本植物中它是与众不同的。本科我国约有4属70多种。     

待开发的活化石—桫椤

全世界蕨类植物约有12,000种,我国有2,600余种,贵州省据查达700种之多。许多种具有很高的观赏,食用、药用和经济价值。它的生态环境等和其他植物相似,其中桫椤科植物是蕨类唯一成树状的大型植物,又是珍贵古老的植物。据化石资料,它广泛出现于泥炭纪、石炭纪,距今约有2亿多年。在第四纪冰川的劫难中,幸存到如今,已经是数量少,分布也     

Biochemistry and physiology of monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in the ring dove (Streptopelia risoria). I. Characteristics of MAO activity in vitro

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was measured in ring dove (Streptopelia risoria) tissues using a fluorometric assay with kynuramine as substrate. Harmaline inhibited MAO activity in a time-dependent manner, and preincubation of enzyme with the drug did not affect its activity. Pargyline produced a slow-onsetting inhibition of activity which was enhanced by preincubation of enzyme and inhibitor. Harmaline displayed reversible non-competitive inhibition of MAO activity. Oxygen is also a substrate for dove MAO, and the reaction apparently involves "ping-pong", double-displacement kinetics. Dove MAO activity is temperature-dependent, with an activation energy of 13.1 kcal/mole.     

Genetic diversity and genetic structure of different populations of the endangered species Davidia involucrata in China detected by inter-simple sequence repeat analysis

Dove tree (Davidia involucrate) is a Tertiary relic species endemic to China and is reputed to be a ‘living fossil’ in the plant kingdom. Genetic diversity and genetic structure of this species were analyzed for its conservation and management, using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) data obtained from eight populations distributed throughout seven provinces of China. A relatively high level of genetic diversity, at both population and species levels, was detected using the POPGENE software. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed a moderate level of among-population variation (i.e., 33.21%). The genetic structure of dove tree was closely consistent with their isolated topographical distribution region based on the results of the STRUCTURE, POPGENE-UPGMA and PCA analysis. It is postulated that the relatively high level of genetic diversity has been maintained because of: (a) the original wild geographical distribution, (b) propagation through outcrossing seeds or root suckers, (c) the longevity of individuals and (d) the relatively little human disturbance. Genetic drift and restricted gene are important factors affecting genetic differentiation. There was no significant correlation between geographical distances and a pairwise comparison with genetic distances, as analyzed by the Mantel test, but the clustering result of genetic diversity was consistent with their isolated topographical distribution regions. Thus, maintaining the stable special habitats associated with this species is recommended for the in situ conservation. Furthermore, it is important to develop an effective seed germination system for the maintenance of an ex situ conservation pool of the germplasm resources.     

中国植物园展望

In China, a new period of development in the first decaje of the 21st Century with rapid urbanization,was marked by investment in construction of over five billion yuan. At this time of rapid change it is important for botanical gardens to follow three principles, "scientific contents, artistic appearance, and cultural display", so as not to become public parks. The scientific component is important. It is not necessary for every botanical garden to do basic botanical research but they should all be involved in plant conservation issues, especially ex-situ conservation and keep accurate data on their living collections. Although a heavy responsibility this documentation is the foundation and the bottom line of scientific meaning for a botanical garden. Economic plant research, exploring new resources, was a major contribution of botanical gardens historically and remains important for sustainable cities and the national economy of China. Education and ecotourism are important ways for botanical gardens to serve the public displaying the interesting plant collections to enhance relaxation and well-being. It is reasonable to make income through all activities in a botanical garden but this should not be the major goal. It should be understood botanical gardens are comprehensive and multi-functional bodies determined by science, the arts and culture.     

Prospects for Chinese Botanical GardensFoundation items: Supported by Chinese Biodiversity Conservation and Green Development Foundation

In China, a new period of development in the first decade of the 21st Century with rapid urbanization, was marked by investment in construction of over five billion yuan. At this time of rapid change it is important for botanical gardens to follow three principles, “scientific contents, artistic appearance, and cultural display”, so as not to become public parks. The scientific component is important. It is not necessary for every botanical garden to do basic botanical research but they should all be involved in plant conservation issues, especially ex-situ conservation and keep accurate data on their living collections. Although a heavy responsibility this documentation is the foundation and the bottom line of scientific meaning for a botanical garden. Economic plant research, exploring new resources, was a major contribution of botanical gardens historically and remains important for sustainable cities and the national economy of China. Education and ecotourism are important ways for botanical gardens to serve the public displaying the interesting plant collections to enhance relaxation and well-being. It is reasonable to make income through all activities in a botanical garden but this should not be the major goal. It should be understood botanical gardens are comprehensive and multi-functional bodies determined by science, the arts and culture.     

Landscape Correlates Along Mourning Dove Call-Count Routes in Mississippi

ABSTRACT Mourning dove (Zenaida macroura) call-count surveys in Mississippi, USA, suggest declining populations. We used available mourning dove call-count data to evaluate long-term mourning dove habitat relationships. Dove routes were located in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, Deep Loess Province, Mid Coastal Plain, and Hilly Coastal Plain physiographic provinces of Mississippi. We also included routes in the Blackbelt Prairie region of Mississippi and Alabama, USA. We characterized landscape structure and composition within 1.64-km buffers around 10 selected mourning dove call-count routes during 3 time periods. Habitat classes included agriculture, forest, urban, regeneration stands, wetland, and woodlot. We used Akaike's Information Criterion to select the best candidate model. We selected a model containing percent agriculture and edge density that contained approximately 40% of the total variability in the data set. Percent agriculture was positively correlated with relative dove abundance. Interestingly, we found a negative relationship between edge density and dove abundance. Researchers should conduct future research on dove nesting patterns in Mississippi and threshold levels of edge necessary to maximize dove density. During the last 20 years, Mississippi lost more than 800,000 ha of cropland while forest cover represented largely by pine (Pinus taeda) plantations increased by more than 364,000 ha. Our results suggest observed localized declines in mourning dove abundance in Mississippi may be related to the documented conversion of agricultural lands to pine plantations.     

Woody plant composition and diversity of urban green spaces in Istanbul,Turkey

Abstract

The high urbanization rate of Istanbul in response to rapid population decreased the size and amount of green spaces. Thereby, every green space types are of vital importance in terms of conservation of urban biodiversity. In this study, it was aimed to compare woody species composition of main green space types consist of artificial and natural sites. Botanical gardens had the highest diversity followed by gardens. Residential areas showed to be important in terms of shrub (52%) and evergreen species (58%), which are mostly exotics (71%). The ratio of the invasive plants in the composition was higher in parks, which contain highway greenings and public gardens. Since the most tree species used in public green areas of Istanbul were mostly same with the species used in European cities, all of the green space categories having varied composition must be considered as interconnected habitat patches in urban planning.     

Seasonal patterns of habitat selection of the House Sparrow Passer domesticus in the urban landscape of Valencia (Spain)

The habitat selection and the factors influencing the distribution of the House Sparrow Passer domesticus in the municipality of Valencia (76 km²) were studied during the winter and breeding season. House Sparrows positively selected urban parks and gardens, patches of derelict land and horticultural fields; they avoided the built-up habitat and the orange groves. In the urban landscape, the abundance of sparrows peaked in areas providing intermediate cover of the built-up habitat; it was positively driven by the amount of park land per unit area, and negatively by the size of urban parks. Our results suggest that the conservation and habitat enhancement of even the smallest parks and gardens are likely key factors in addressing the decline of the House Sparrow in many cities.     

Genomic analyses of a “living fossil”: The endangered dove‐tree

Davidia involucrata Baill, also known as the dove‐tree, is a living fossil and an endangered species currently restricted to the mountains of southwestern and central China. It has a beautiful and innovative trait of high horticultural value: two white bracts covering the flower caputila. Here, we report on the chromosome‐scale genome of this species using single‐molecule real‐time long reads and chromosome conformation capture (Hi‐C) techniques. This species has a larger genome size of 1,169 Mb and contains relatively more genes (42,554) than the closely related species Camptotheca acuminata (397 Mb and 31,825 genes). Both species shared one recent whole genome duplication before their divergence. The expansion of the repetitive elements after their divergence contributed greatly to the increase in the genome size of the dove‐tree. Photosynthesis‐related genes were almost absent or showed reduced expression in the bracts of the dove‐tree, while defence‐ and chemical‐related genes increased greatly, highlighting the important roles of the bracts in protecting flowers and attracting pollinators. The effective population size of the dove‐tree continuously decreased during the climate changes of the Quaternary. Such climate sensitivity should be fully considered in conservation efforts for this relict endangered species in the context of continuous climate warming in the future.     

重庆市不同年龄综合公园绿化乔木树种多样性和组成的比较研究

该研究通过对重庆市不同时期(解放前、直辖前、直辖后)建造的15个综合公园的绿化乔木树种进行调查,分析了公园年龄对绿化乔木多样性和组成的影响以及公园之间的同质化情况。结果表明:(1)共调查到乔木59种,隶属于28科48属。其中,乡土树种占81.36%,外来树种占18.64%。(2)不同年龄公园乔木物种丰富度之间虽无显著差异,但解放后和直辖后公园乔木多度明显高于解放前;不同年龄公园外来树种的比例无显著差异;黄葛树、雅榕、复羽叶栾树在公园中的应用呈减少趋势,而日本晚樱、荷花玉兰、木犀、黄兰在绿化中的应用却呈增加趋势。(3)不同年龄公园之间同质化程度较低,解放前公园植物群落间Jaccard相似性指数明显高于其他两个阶段,且公园之间的Jaccard相似性指数与公园年龄差距无显著相关关系。综上结果发现,我国历史因素、园林文化和近代城市绿化相关规定可能是外来物种使用的限制因子,并可能导致了小尺度植物群落同质化程度偏低的现象。     

中国佛教寺庙植物多样性和佛教树种替代

佛教是我国的主要宗教之一, 佛教寺庙作为佛教文化的物质载体, 对区域生物多样性的保护具有重要意义。本研究收集了中国191座寺庙的树种名录, 分析了不同地区寺庙的树种组成、分布格局及影响因素, 以明确寺庙在生物多样性保护中的作用。结果表明: (1)全国191座寺庙共收集到树种1,059种, 隶属116科410属, 大多数树种(773种)仅出现在1-2座寺庙中; (2)寺庙树种中含有大量乡土植物, 并且保存了丰富的受威胁树种(94种), 具有较高的生物多样性保护价值; (3)不同气候带的佛教树种组成差异较大, 主要受气候因子限制; (4)佛教树种具有清晰的树种替代现象, 由南向北原始佛教树种逐渐由形态相似的本土物种(替代佛教树种)替代。以上结果表明中国寺庙中保存了非常丰富的植物资源, 有效地保护和利用寺庙植物资源对维持区域生物多样性和提升城市绿化水平具有积极作用。