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1.
Separation and quantitation of polyamines from unpollinated pea (Pisum sativum L.) ovaries and young fruits induced by application of gibberellic acid to unpollinated ovaries showed, in both cases, a decrease in putrescine and spermidine levels between anthesis and 4 d later. By contrast, spermine levels increased prior to the onset of senescence of the unpollinated ovaries (3 d post anthesis) and decreased during fruit development. Low levels of putrescine, spermidine and spermine were also observed in young fruits obtained by self-pollination and by treatment of unpollinated ovaries with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. In-vitro culture of ovary explants in a medium containing spermine showed that a reduction of the growth of gibberellic acid-treated unpollinated ovaries was associated with a rise in the level of spermine in the fruits. The results obtained indicate that changes in spermine levels are involved in the control of ovary senescence and of fruit set and development.Abbreviations BA
benzyladenine
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophen-oxyacetic acid
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- HPLC
high-performance liquid chromatography 相似文献
2.
Effect of Gibberellin and Auxin on Parthenocarpic Fruit Growth Induction in the cv Micro-Tom of Tomato 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Juan C. Serrani Mariano Fos Alejandro Atarés José L. García-Martínez 《Journal of Plant Growth Regulation》2007,26(3):211-221
The effect of applied gibberellin (GA) and auxin on fruit-set and growth has been investigated in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cv Micro-Tom. It was found that to prevent competition between developing fruits only one fruit per truss should be left
on the plant. Unpollinated ovaries responded to GA3 and to different auxins [indol-3-acetic acid, naphthaleneacetic acid, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)], 2,4-D
being the most efficient. GA3- and 2,4-D-induced fruits had different internal morphology, with poor locular tissue development in the case of GA, and
pseudoembryos development in the case of 2,4-D. Also, GA3 produced larger cells in the internal region of the mesocarp (IM) associated with higher mean C values, whereas 2,4-D produced
more cell layers in the pericarp than pollinated fruits. The smaller size of GA3- compared with 2,4-D-induced fruits was due to them having fewer cells, only partially compensated by the larger size of
IM cells. Simultaneous application of GA3 and 2,4-D produced parthenocarpic fruits similar to pollinated fruits, but for the absence of seeds, suggesting that both
kinds of hormones are involved in the induction of fruit development upon pollination. It is concluded that Micro-Tom constitutes
a convenient model system, compared to tall cultivars, to investigate the hormonal regulation of fruit development in tomato. 相似文献
3.
Anthocyanin accumulation is one measure of ripening in the strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.), a non-climacteric fruit. Neither aminoethoxyvinylglycine, an inhibitor of 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid synthase, nor inhibitors of ethylene action (silver, norbornadiene) affected anthocyanin accumulation in ripening fruit. When the achenes were removed from one half of an unripe fruit there was an accelerated accumulation of anthocyanin and induction of phenylalanine ammonia lyase on the de-achened portion of the ripening fruit. These effects of achene removal could be prevented by the application of the synthetic auxins 1-naphthaleneacetic acid or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid to the de-achened surface. The introduction of 1-naphthalene acetic acid into intact unripe strawberry fruit through the peduncle delayed their subsequent ripening, as measured by the accumulation of anthocyanin, loss of chlorophyll and decrease in firmness. These findings suggest that the decline in the concentration of auxin in the achenes as strawberry fruit mature modulates the rate of fruit ripening.Abbreviations ACC
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
- AVG
aminoethoxyvinylglycine
- NAA
1-naphthaleneacetic acid
- PA1
phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
- POA
phenoxyacetic acid
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 相似文献
4.
The polypeptide patterns obtained by sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of undigested and autodigested extracts from pea (Pisum sativum L.) ovaries at the early stages of development or degeneration have been studied. Development of unpollinated ovaries was stimulated by application of different plant growth regulators (gibberellic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and N6-benzyladenine) or by plant topping. Polypeptide bands of similar mobility to ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) subunits (16 and 55 kDa) could be detected in all types of autodigested extracts from stimulated ovaries. However these bands were absent in electrophoretic patterns of autodigested extracts from unstimulated ovaries after 3 d post anthesis and in patterns of autodigested mixtures of these extracts with either those from stimulated ovaries or those from unstimulated ovaries before day 3. These observations indicate that a proteolytic activity which promotes the hydrolysis of RuBPCase appears in unstimulated ovaries about 3 d after anthesis. This event coincides with the loss of the capacity of unpollinated ovaries to develop in response to gibberellic acid and with the degeneration of the ovary wall.Abbreviations BA
N6-benzyladenine
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- RuBPCase
ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase
- SDS-PAGE
sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 相似文献
5.
The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonisation by Glomus clarum on fruit yield and water use efficiency (WUE) was evaluated in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cv. Crimson Sweet F1 under field conditions. Treatments were: (1) well-watered plants without mycorrhizae (WW-M), (2) well-watered plants with mycorrhizae (WW+M), (3) water- stressed plants without mycorrhizae (WS-M) and (4) water-stressed plants with mycorrhizae (WS+M). When soil water tension readings reached –20 and –50 kPa for well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS) treatments, respectively, irrigation was initiated to restore the top soil to near field capacity. Water stress reduced watermelon shoot and root dry matter, fruit yield, water use efficiency but not total soluble solids (TSS) in the fruit, compared with the non-stressed treatments. Mycorrhizal plants had significantly higher biomass and fruit yield compared to nonmycorrhizal plants, whether plants were water stressed or not. AM colonisation increased WUE in both WW and WS plants. Macro- (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and micro- (Zn, Fe and Mn) nutrient concentrations in the leaves were significantly reduced by water stress. Mycorrhizal colonisation of WS plants restored leaf nutrient concentrations to levels in WW plants in most cases. This is the first report of the mitigation of the adverse effect of water stress on yield and quality of a fruit crop. 相似文献
6.
In vitro development of parthenocarpic fruits of Crocus sativus L. was induced by culturing ovaries on MS agar medium supplemented with growth-regulators (2,4-D, GA3 and BAP). Amongh these, 2,4-D was the most effective in promoting fructification. The fructigenic activity was independent of both the stage at which the ovaries were excised (before, during or after anthesis) and pollination of the stigmas. Unlike the above compounds, abscisic acid inhibited fructification. 相似文献
7.
Manuel Agustí Norberto Gariglio Angela Castillo Mariano Juan Vicente Almela Amparo Martínez-Fuentes Carlos Mesejo 《Plant Growth Regulation》2003,41(2):129-132
Application of the butylglycol ester of 2,4-DP increased final fruit size in loquat without causing fruit thinning. Its effectiveness depended on the concentration applied and treatment date. When applied at the onset of the cell enlargement fruit stage, 25 mg l–1 was the most effective treatment. Fruit diameter distribution showed a significant shift to the larger size for treated trees; further, fruit colour break and maturation were encouraged and harvest time was earlier than in untreated trees. 相似文献
8.
9.
Cotyledon expiants from immature embryos of five watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.)Matsum. & Nakai] genotypes were incubated in the dark for three weeks on a modified MS medium containing B5 vitamins, 2,4-D (10, 20 or 40M), 0.5 M of either BA or TDZ, and 7 g·1-1 TC agar. Somatic embryos, some with well developed cotyledons, were observed on cotyledon expiants three to four weeks after transfer to MS medium without PGRs and 16h photoperiod. The best PGR combination for somatic embryogenesis was 10 M 2,4-D and 0.5 M TDZ Somatic embryogenesis was greatest (30%) when cotyledon expiants were established from 18-day-old immature embryos. Somatic embryos were germinated on MS medium without PGRs. Plants were transferred to Magenta boxes containing ProMix for three weeks before being transplanted to the field where they formed fertile male and female flowers that produced normal fruit.Abbreviations PGR
plant growth regulator
- BA
benzyladenine
- TDZ
thidiazuron
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyaceticacid
- NAA
-naphthaleneacetic acid
- 2,4,5-T
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid 相似文献