高产水稻幼苗耐冷性

1998年早季在广东省农业科学院水稻研究所的人工气候箱内对5个不同类型的高产水稻幼苗作耐冷性比较,结果表明两系法杂交稻培矮64s/E32的耐冷性最强,培矮64s/9311次之;两系法杂交稻组合粤杂122和常规水稻品种粤香占、特三矮2号耐冷性稍差。     

高产水稻移栽后叶、鞘生长动态的差异

1998年早季于广州,用两系法水稻高产新组合培矮64s/E32、培矮64s/9311、粤杂 122和常规高产品种粤香占、特三矮2号,研究了它们移栽后叶、鞘生长动态的差异。结果见到:（1）主茎上的出叶速度与其生育期长短相对应;（2）鞘长/叶长比例小对孕育大穗、提高结实率有利,“叶长鞘短”应属水稻高产育种中所寻求的一个重要指标。     

水稻抽穗后剑叶衰老过程中光合关键酶的基因表达

协优 930 8、培矮 6 4s/ 9311和汕优 6 3三个超级高产水稻品种抽穗后 ,剑叶中光合速率减小、叶绿素含量下降、SOD活力降低和MDA含量上升的幅度不同 ,显示它们开花结实过程中叶片衰老的速度不同 ,以汕优 6 3衰老最快 ,协优 930 8最慢 ,培矮 6 4s/ 9311居中。Northern杂交和免疫定量研究表明 ,汕优 6 3和培矮6 4s/ 9311剑叶rbcS(Rubisco小亚基基因 )和rca(Ru bisco活化酶基因 )mRNA的表达随抽穗后天数的增加而下降 ,而协优 930 8在抽穗后第 10天才开始下降 ;Rubisco和Rubisco活化酶蛋白含量的下降趋势与rbcS和rcamRNA的变化趋势相似。因此 ,水稻抽穗后剑叶衰老过程中光合能力的下降与光合关键酶基因(rbcS和rca)表达下降密切相关     

水稻剑叶生长过程中光合电子流传递分配及其与光合作用的关系

以气体交换和叶绿素荧光测定相结合的方法研究了水稻剑叶生长过程中光合电子传递分配以及与光合速率和叶绿素含量之间的关系 。两种高产水稻品种‘培矮64S/E32’和‘特三矮2号’的剑叶总的光合电子流JF和净光合速率Pn在移栽后50～70 d较高而相对稳定,在80 d后急剧下降。参与碳还原的非环式光合电子流Jc的降低比JF和Pn早。JF与Jc和光合速率与叶绿素含量之间存在正相关性。非环式光合电子传递分配于光呼吸的电子流的比例Jo/JF在50～70 d和80 d后约有35%～50%的电子流分配到光呼吸。     

高产早籼稻群体动态结构的差异

1998年早季在广州研究了不同类型高产早籼稻群体动态结构差异,结果认为:两系法杂交稻高产新组合培矮64s/E32、培矮64s/9311、粤杂122,其幼穗第2次枝梗原基分化期以前的植株干物重、叶面积指数（LAI）比常规稻高产品种粤香占和特三矮2号表现出明显的生长优势。培矮64s/E32在5个供试材料中在始穗期的LAI最高,达7.81,干物重日增量最大,达8.76kg/亩·d;粤香占的每亩有效穗数最高,达23.3万穗/亩,收获指数是所有参试材料中唯一达到 0.6以上者。     

高产早籼稻的透光率及始穗后对低光强的适应性

用两系法杂交稻组合培矮 64s/E32、培矮 64s/9311、粤杂122和常规水稻品种粤香占、特三矮 2号为材料,1998年早季在广州研究了它们的透光率和对低光强适应性的差异后认为:1.生育期不同其直射光透光率的变化是分蘖期>始穗期<收割期,即透光率由大→小→大变化,它与叶片开张角随生育期变化的情况相对应,但与叶面积指数由小→大→小的变化相反。2.不同类型早籼稻在始穗后遮光处理降低透光率,生育期短的粤杂122、粤香占对低光强的适应性比其余组合或品种好,其单穗重降幅小。     

序

本期增刊发表的11篇论文,是广东省农业科学院水稻研究所的同志们于1998年早季在广州利用两系法杂交稻强优新组合培矮64s/E32、培矮64s/9311、粤杂122和常规品种粤香占、特三矮2号为供试材料,通过对比试验的方法,探索了在华南稻区生态条件下不同类型高产水稻秧苗生育特性、幼苗耐冷性的差异,以及移入大田栽培后的稻株群体动态结构、主茎叶片与叶鞘生长规律,同时还研究了高产水稻透光率及其光合速率变化.始穗期以后对低光强适应性的差异,根系活力和地上部分的关系,在此基础上更进一步对其产量因素作了初析,总结了培矮64s/E32等在广州早季种植的主要形态生理特性,从而为华南地区开展超高产水稻新株型模式的研究提供了不少很有参考价值的数据和思路.     

超高产水稻组合‘培矮64S/E32’的耐光氧化特性及其机理

甲基紫精（MV）介导的光氧化导致两个水稻品种‘汕优63’(目前我国大面积推广的杂交水稻)和‘培矮64S/E32’（新培育的超高产杂交水稻）细胞电解质渗漏率都增加,前者增加的量大于后者,显示‘培矮64S/E32’的细胞膜系统受光氧化的伤害小。光氧化条件下,‘培矮64S/E32’仍能维持较高的光合放氧能力（Amax、Φi）、PSⅡ活性（Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ）和叶绿素荧光猝灭系数（qP、NPQ）,而且光氧化引起‘培矮64S/E32’这些参数的下降幅度也小。另外,光氧化导致了两个水稻品种抗氧化酶SOD和APX活性增加,‘培矮64S/E32’增加的幅度约为‘汕优63’的3倍。结果表明超高产水稻具有更强的耐光氧化能力。     

水稻剑叶生长过程中光合电子流传递分配及其与光合作用的关系

以气体交换和叶绿素荧光测定相结合的方法研究了水稻剑叶生长过程中光合电子传递分配以及与光合速率和叶绿素含量之间的关系。两种高产水稻品种‘培矮 6 4S/E3 2’和‘特三矮 2号’的剑叶总的光合电子流JF 和净光合速率Pn在移栽后 5 0～ 70d较高而相对稳定 ,在 80d后急剧下降。参与碳还原的非环式光合电子流Jc的降低比JF 和Pn早。JF 与Jc和光合速率与叶绿素含量之间存在正相关性。非环式光合电子传递分配于光呼吸的电子流的比例Jo/JF 在 5 0～ 70d和 80d后约有 3 5 %～ 5 0 %的电子流分配到光呼吸     

高产水稻秧苗生长特性

1998年早季在广州研究了不同类型高产水稻秧苗生长特性,调查了株高、叶片数、叶片长宽度、叶绿素含量和干物重等项指标,以及地下部分的发根力和根系活力情况。结果显示:在华南地区冷害发生较轻、秧苗生长基本正常的生态条件下,两系法杂交水稻新组合中粤杂122和培矮64s/E32、常规水稻品种特三矮2号表现出强和较强的生长发育优势。此外,两系法杂交水稻的发根数量和最长根长度比常规稻品种要多要长,但根系活力则较低。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).