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1.
【目的】获得对二点委夜蛾Athetis lepigone(M(o|¨)schler)高毒力的苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bt)菌株,寻找对该虫具有特异杀虫活性的蛋白毒素,探索Bt菌株或其杀虫基因应用于二点委夜蛾防治的可行性。【方法】通过生物测定方法比较了36株苏云金芽胞杆菌和一株恶臭假单胞工程菌PHB-cry1Ab对二点委夜蛾幼虫的杀虫活性,同时利用PCR-RFLP方法对这些菌株的基因型进行了分析。【结果】不同Bt菌株对二点委夜蛾幼虫的杀虫活性差别很大,杀虫活性高的菌株都含有cry1Ac基因。饲毒72 h后含单基因的BtHD-73菌株(cry1Ac)对二点委夜蛾2龄幼虫的毒力(LC_(50)值为188.51μg/g)明显高于含多基因的Bt SC-40菌株(cry1Ac,cry2Ac,cry1I,vip3A)的毒力(LC_(50)值为418.13μg/g)。含有vip3A基因的Bt SC-40和BtHD-13营养期上清液对二点委夜蛾2龄幼虫表现出一定的杀虫活性(72 h死亡率分别达到42.5%和57.4%),而无vip3A基因的Bt HD-73营养期上清液未表现出明显的杀虫活性。【结论】由cry1Ac基因编码的Cry1Ac蛋白对二点委夜蛾幼虫具有特异杀虫活性,Vip3A蛋白对二点委夜蛾幼虫可能也有一定的杀虫活性。  相似文献   

2.
[目的]为了明确四川盆地生态区土壤中苏云金芽胞杆菌cry,基因资源情况,进一步克隆出新型的杀虫晶体蛋白基因.[方法]本研究主要通过菌株晶体形状的光学显微镜及扫描电镜观察、PCR-RFLP技术鉴定cry基因型法、杀虫晶体蛋白的SDS-PAGE分析和菌株生物活性测定等方法对此地区菌株进行研究.[结果]从四川盆地不同生态区采集2650份土壤样品中分离了791株苏云金芽胞杆菌.PCR-RFLP鉴定结果表明:此地区的苏云金芽胞杆菌主要含有cry1,cry2,cry3,cry4/10,cry9,cry30和cry40等7种cry,基因类型;含cry1基因的菌株最丰富,共有21种不同cry1型基因组合;从中发现了新型模式基因,并采用Tail-PCR技术获得了其中3个基因的全长序列,被国际苏云金芽胞杆菌杀虫晶体蛋白基因命名委员会命名为cry54Aa1、cry30Fa1和cry30Ga1.通过生物活性测定,发现对鳞翅目和双翅目害虫具毒力的菌株.未鉴定出基因型的80个菌株的伴胞晶体SDS-PAGE分析表明:这些菌株均有40~130 kDa蛋白表达,极有可能含新型的杀虫蛋白基因.[结论]研究结果充分体现了四川盆地生态区苏云金芽胞杆菌资源的多样性及特殊性,所蕴含的杀虫蛋白基因在农业生产上具有重要意义和应用前景.  相似文献   

3.
【目的】寻找对致倦库蚊高效的苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt)杀蚊菌株新资源。【方法】从福建省的武夷山自然保护区、建阳、建瓯、浦城等多个地区采集土壤样品,采用热处理法从土壤中分离Bt菌株,并测定其对致倦库蚊活性的效果。【结果】从125份土壤样品中分离出71株Bt菌株,经生物测定得到4株对致倦库蚊有效菌株(QQ13、QQ42、QQ66和QQ92)。其中,QQ66和QQ92有较高的毒性,均有几丁质酶基因,没有检测到cry1、cry1Ⅰ、cry2、cry4、cry5、cry6、cry7、cry8、cry9、cry10和cry11基因,在75~100 ku处各有一条杀虫晶体蛋白条带。【结论】采集和鉴定到的Bt新菌株资源将对致倦库蚊的生物防治起到促进作用。  相似文献   

4.
【目的】苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt) D18对鳞翅目、鞘翅目等农业害虫具有杀虫毒力,本研究拟通过复合诱变育种,筛选出杀虫毒力更高的突变菌。【方法】经四轮室温常压等离子体(ARTP)诱变和一轮ARTP-NTG复合诱变后,镜检形态观察与生物毒力测定筛选高毒力菌株,SDS-PAGE检测Cry蛋白,qRT-PCR定量cry基因的表达,揭示突变菌株毒力提高的原因。【结果】复合诱变筛选到2株高毒力突变菌株An-L5-1和An-L5-7,与出发菌株BtD18相比,An-L5-1和An-L5-7的生长衰亡期略微提前;芽胞形成能力增强;Cry蛋白表达量分别提高了80.47%和88.31%;对小菜蛾和黏虫的杀虫毒力显著增强【。结论】突变菌株An-L5-1和An-L5-7杀虫活性提高主要是由于毒力基因cry1Aa、cry2Aa和调控基因sigK的表达显著上调。  相似文献   

5.
近几年来,甲虫已成为十字花科蔬菜的头号害虫。本文采集了湖北省各地区192份土壤样品,分离到苏云金芽胞杆菌(简称Bt)菌株74株,以甲虫代表——黄粉虫为靶标昆虫筛选了15株典型Bt,得到一株对甲虫有活性的Bt L1;生物测定该菌的半致死浓度(LC50)为221.20μg·g-1;聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)显示L1至少具有3个杀虫晶体蛋白;PCR扩增杀虫晶体蛋白基因,测序发现Bt L1中含有cry1Ac,cry1Aa,cry1Ia基因,推测Bt L1中对甲虫活性的杀虫晶体蛋白基因为cry1Ia。  相似文献   

6.
对粉纹夜蛾高毒力cry9Ea基因的克隆及表达   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
【目的】从本实验室分离的Bt4菌株中克隆cry9Ea基因,并研究其表达和杀虫活性。【方法】以PCR-RFLP方法鉴定Bt4菌株含有cry9基因,然后以菌株Bt4的质粒为模板,利用全长引物F9EA/R9EA进行PCR扩增全长基因。【结果】将目的片段插入到表达载体pET21b,得到大肠杆菌重组表达质粒pETcry9Ea。转化E.coli BL21(DE3),诱导后表达130kDa的蛋白,再将cry9Ea7基因连接到穿梭载体pSXY422b,电激转化HD73-(cry-),得到工程菌BioHD9Ea7,提取Cry9Ea7晶体蛋白,并进行生物活性测定。生物活性测定结果显示Cry9Ea7蛋白对粉纹夜蛾(Trichoplusia ni)初孵幼虫具有高毒力,LC50为0.044μg/mL,而对甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua)和棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)初孵幼虫未显示活性。【结论】克隆和表达了一个对粉纹夜蛾高毒力的基因cry9Ea7,并成功构建了工程菌BioHD9Ea7。  相似文献   

7.
从我国不同地区采集118份土样,利用温度筛选法分离获得一株苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,简称Bt)6618,镜检观察发现该菌株能产生典型的菱形晶体,PCR分析表明其含有cry1类杀虫基因。采用SDS-PAGE和质谱分析发现该菌株主要产生130 k D原毒素,其组分由Cry1Ae和Cry1Ac原毒素组成。基因序列分析表明该菌株的cry1Ac基因为已知的cry1Ac1,而cry1Ae为新型杀虫基因。毒力生测表明该菌株对棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)幼虫具有显著的杀虫效果。筛选获得的高毒力Bt菌株6618为丰富我国苏云金芽胞杆菌储备和研发新型高效生物杀虫剂提供了菌株资源。  相似文献   

8.
摘要: 【目的】构建苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,简称Bt) sigK 基因插入失活突变体,分析突变体特点并明确其对cry3A 基因启动子的影响。【方法】采用同源重组技术在苏云金芽胞杆菌HD-73 菌株sigK 基因中插入卡那霉素抗性基因,构建了sigK 基因插入失活突变体。通过生长曲线测定、扫描电子显微镜观察晶体、芽胞形成情况和芽胞计数及SDS-PAGE 等方法分析了突变体的特点; 构建了遗传恢复菌株对上述性状进行了功能验证; 利用启动子融合lacZ 技术检测了cry3A 基因启动子的转录活性。【结果】获得了苏云金芽胞杆菌HD-73 菌株sigK 基因突变体,生长曲线测定表明,突变体较出发菌株在稳定期后期生长较慢; 扫描电子显微镜观察和芽胞计数分析显示,突变体丧失了形成芽胞和晶体的能力; SDS-PAGE 分析表明突变体中伴胞晶体蛋白的表达量明显低于出发菌株和恢复菌株。利用载体pHT315 携带sigK 基因及其启动子在突变株中表达,所获得的遗传恢复菌株恢复了突变株产生芽胞和晶体的能力; sigK 基因的突变可以提高cry3A 基因启动子在产胞后期的转录活性,对cry3A 启动子指导的Cry 蛋白表达量没有显著影响。【结论】本研究证明sigK 基因为苏云金芽胞杆菌芽胞形成所必需,并影响伴胞晶体蛋白的产量; sigK 基因功能的丧失有利于cry3A 基因启动子在产胞后期的转录。  相似文献   

9.
【目的】为了发掘新的苏云金杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)的资源,在黑龙江省不同地区采集不同类型的土壤样品分离出对夜蛾科具有高毒力的菌株。【方法】采用醋酸钠选择性筛选法筛选Bt菌株,利用10对通用引物对分离株进行基因型分析,SDS-PAGE进行杀虫晶体蛋白分析,同时测定苏云金杆菌分离株对棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera(Hübner)、甘蓝夜蛾Mamestra brassicae(Linnaeus)、斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura(Fabricius)的杀虫活性。【结果】从黑龙江省不同地区采集的352份不同类型的土壤样品中,共分离出46株苏云金芽孢杆菌野生菌株,出菌率为13.06%。油镜下可观察到伴孢晶体的形态有菱形、球形、镶嵌形及不规则形。结果表明产菱形晶体的菌株多含有cry1类基因,而同时产生菱形、球形及不规则形晶体的菌株则含有多种基因型。SDS-PAGE蛋白分析发现这些菌株主要表达130、90、60 ku蛋白。对其中的部分菌株进行毒力测定,结果表明有4株菌株对3种夜蛾科昆虫具有高毒力。【结论】黑龙江省苏云金芽孢杆菌分布广泛,类型多样,已获得对夜蛾科昆虫有高毒力的菌株,这对夜蛾科害虫的绿色防控及延缓其抗性具有重要意义。  相似文献   

10.
[目的]对苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,简称Bt)4.0718菌株中的杀虫晶体蛋白基因(insecticidal crystal protein gene,简称cry基因)进行定位和鉴定,系统分析高毒力Bt4.0718菌株的杀虫基因背景.[方法]采用脉冲电泳(PFGE)分离Bt 4.0718菌株的基因组DNA,确定该菌株的PFGE图谱和质粒图谱;采用Southern杂交分析该菌株中cry基因的定位,并使用PCR及PCR产物限制性片段长度多态性分析(PCR-RFLP)方法鉴定该菌株染色体和质粒上含有的cry基因类型.[结果]确定了Bt 4.0718菌株的PFGE图谱和质粒图潜,鉴定到Bt4.0718菌株的染色体和质粒上均定位有cry基因,且分别包含crylAa、crylAc、cry2Aa和cry2Ab 4种基因成分.但染色体上含有的cry基因可能不如质粒上含有的cry基因具有完整的开放阅渎框.[结论]首次在Bt 4.0718菌株的染色体上发现有丰富的cry基因,且与质粒上含有的cry基因类型一致.  相似文献   

11.
In order to dissect the genetic regulation of leafblade morphogenesis, 16 genotypes of pea, constructed by combining the wild-type and mutant alleles of MFP, AF, TL and UNI genes, were quantitatively phenotyped. The morphological features of the three domains of leafblades of four genotypes, unknown earlier, were described. All the genotypes were found to differ in leafblade morphology. It was evident that MFP and TL functions acted as repressor of pinna ramification, in the distal domain. These functions, with and without interaction with UNI, also repressed the ramification of proximal pinnae in the absence of AF function. The expression of MFP and TL required UNI function. AF function was found to control leafblade architecture multifariously. The earlier identified role of AF as a repressor of UNI in the proximal domain was confirmed. Negative control of AF on the UNI-dependent pinna ramification in the distal domain was revealed. It was found that AF establishes a boundary between proximal and distal domains and activates formation of leaflet pinnae in the proximal domain.  相似文献   

12.
Seven bean rhizobial strains EBRI 2, 3, 21, 24, 26, 27 and 29 identified as Rhizobium etli, and EBRI 32 identified as Rhizobium gallicum, isolated from Egyptian soils and which nodulated Phaseolus vulgaris efficiently, were subjected to hybridization with a nifH probe in order to estimate the copy number of this gene. Seven strains (EBRI 2, 3, 21, 24, 26, 27 and 29) which were only able to nodulate Phaseolus vulgaris, contained three copies of the nifH gene, consistent with their identification as Rhizobium etli bv. phaseoli. Only one strain (EBRI 32) which nodulated both Phaseolus vulgaris and Leucaena leucocephala, had one copy of nifH gene. This confirmed the classification of this strain as Rhizobium gallicum bv. gallicum.  相似文献   

13.
14.
Many Cola plant species are endemic to West and Central Africa. Cola acuminata and Cola nitida are used as masticatory when fresh, while the dried nuts are used for beverages and pharmaceutical purposes in Europe and North America. Garcinia kola seeds, that serve as a substitute for the true kola nuts, are used in African traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases, including colic, headache and liver cirrhosis. Seeds extracts of G. kola are also known for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral properties. To gain information on the chemical properties of the kolas, we have isolated and analyzed cell wall polysaccharides, arabinogalactan-proteins and phenolic substances from the seeds of the three kola species. The sugar composition of cell wall material of C. acuminata, C. nitida and G. kola revealed that Gal (up to 30%), Ara, GalA and Glc as the predominant monosaccharides, representing approximately 90% by mol of the total hydrolysable sugar present in this material. In Ammonium oxalate cell wall fraction, GalA was found to be the major sugar present in all kola species. In the alkali-soluble fraction, there were significant differences in the level of Glc and Gal. The level of Glc was high in C. acuminata and C. nitida while the level of Gal and Xyl were high in C. nitida and G. cola. Isolation and quantification of arabinogalactan-proteins demonstrate that G. kola seeds contained four to eight times more of these proteoglycans than the seeds of the other two species. Finally, analysis of soluble phenolic substances shows that caffeine and catechin were largely represented in C. acumina and C. nitida seeds, with caffeine accounting for 50% of all soluble phenolics. These findings indicate that the three Kola seeds are highly enriched in pectins and proteoglycans and that C. acuminata and C. nitida can be used as a possible source of caffeine and catechin.  相似文献   

15.
We have cloned fourNeurospora crassagenes by complementation analysis. Cloned genes include thearginine-1(arg-1),methionine-6(met-6),unknown-7(un-7), andribosome production-1(rip-1) loci. Chromosome walks were initiated in ordered cosmid libraries from the cloned loci. A total of about 700 kb of theNeurosporagenome is covered in these walks.  相似文献   

16.
郭林 《菌物学报》1988,7(Z1):211-240
黑粉菌属是Roussel 1806年建立的,全世界记载有三百余种,主要寄生于禾本科,是经济作物及牧草的重要致病菌·长期以来,对黑粉菌的邢子使用过各种名称,如厚垣孢子,冬孢子及黑粉孢子等.本文采用黑粉孢子以区别锈菌的冬孢子. 芳’(1979)在《中国真菌总汇》中列出黑粉菌属五十种及一个变型.作者经过显微结构和超显微结构的研究,承认其中二十九种为正确名称,八种及一变型为异名,顶黑粉菌(Ustilago acrearus Berk.)由于错拼而被废弃.埃地黑粉菌(Ustilago emodensis Berk.)被转移至利罗粉菌属(Liroa).另有十一种黑粉菌因缺少标本留待今后订正.自1979年以后,杨信东(1983)增加黑粉菌属二种我国新纪录,K.范基和郭林(1986)描述一新种,四种新纪录.在本文中,作者描述一新种:鸢尾蒜黑粉(Ustilago ixiolirii Guo L) ,孢子堆生在蒴果内,不开裂,黑色,粉末状.黑粉孢子球形,近球形,稀椭圆形, 12.5-21×10-21μm,黑褐色,壁厚1-1.Sμm,纹饰脑状.是迄今生在石蒜科植物上唯一黑粉菌的种,其它几种黑粉菌均属条黑粉菌属.本文增加七种我国新纪录.共计四十九种,寄生于六科四十四属植物,主要是禾本科和蓼科.这仅是黑粉菌属研究的初步报告,在全国范围内大量采集黑粉菌标本后,作者相信会有更多新种和我国新纪录被发现.利罗黑粉菌属(Liroa)是从黑粉菌属(Ustaligo)分出的,此属为单种属.  相似文献   

17.
Results of molecular studies regarding the phylogenetic placement of the order Ostropales and related taxa within Lecanoromycetes were thus far inconclusive. Some analyses placed the order as sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes, while others inferred a position nested within Lecanoromycetes. We assembled a data set of 101 species including sequences from nuLSU rDNA, mtSSU rDNA, and the nuclear protein-coding RPB1 for each species to examine the cause of incongruencies in previously published phylogenies. MP, minimum evolution, and Bayesian analyses were performed using the combined three-region data set and the single-gene data sets. The position of Ostropales nested in Lecanoromycetes is confirmed in all single-gene and concatenated analyses, and a placement as sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes is significantly rejected using two independent methods of alternative topology testing. Acarosporales and related taxa (Acarosporaceae group) are basal in Lecanoromycetes. However, if the these basal taxa are excluded from the analyses, Ostropales appear to be sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes, suggesting different ingroup rooting as the cause for deviating topologies in previously published phylogenies.  相似文献   

18.
【目的】为探究转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育及其捕食功能的影响。【方法】以转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉与其亲本常规棉为实验材料,利用取食不同棉花品种叶片的棉铃虫饲喂异色瓢虫幼虫。【结果】与常规亲本棉相比,取食饲喂转基因棉花叶片的初孵棉铃虫幼虫的异色瓢虫幼虫从1龄发育至化蛹期时间延长0.77 d,但差异不显著;除1龄幼虫体重增加(0.0773 mg)外,其余各龄期幼虫体重均有所下降,但差异均不显著;异色瓢虫1、2、3、4龄幼虫对初孵棉铃虫捕食量均随棉铃虫密度的增加而增加,捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ圆盘方程。【结论】转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育无显著影响,饲喂取食转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花的棉铃虫对异色瓢虫捕食功能无显著差异。  相似文献   

19.
D. J. Goyder 《Kew Bulletin》2008,63(3):471-472
Summary  Four species of tropical African Sarcostemma are transferred to Cynanchum together with two subspecies of S. viminale. In addition, Sarcostemma mulanjense is reduced to subspecific rank under C. viminale.  相似文献   

20.
Data from microscopic morphology, single-spore cultures, and DNA analyses of teleomorphs and anamorphs support the recognition of five species of Prosthecium with Stegonsporium anamorphs on Acer: P. acerinum sp. nov., the teleomorph of S. acerinum; P. acerophilum comb. nov., formerly known as Dictyoporthe acerophila; P. galeatum comb. nov., originally described as Massaria galeata; P. opalus sp. nov.; and P. pyriforme sp. nov., the teleomorph of S. pyriforme s. str. The morphology of both type specimens and freshly collected material was investigated. The teleomorphs have brown ellipsoidal ascospores with five distosepta and often a longitudinal distoseptum. The anamorphs of all species described here belong to Stegonsporium; their connection to the Prosthecium teleomorphs was demonstrated by morphology and DNA sequences of single spore cultures derived from both ascospores and conidia. The anamorphs and teleomorphs of all five Prosthecium species are described and illustrated by LM images, and a key to these species is provided. As perceived from this work, S. pyriforme is restricted to Europe and does not occur in North America, whereas S. acerinum is restricted to North America, not found in Europe. The host associations given in the literature are revised and evidence is provided that only A. opalus, A. pseudoplatanus, and A. saccharum are confirmed hosts of Prosthecium with Stegonsporium anamorphs. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of tef1, ITS rDNA, and partial nuLSU rDNA sequences confirm that the species with Stegonsporium anamorphs are closely related to P. ellipsosporum, the generic type species. Stilbospora macrosperma is confirmed as the anamorph of P. ellipsosporum by DNA data of single spore isolates obtained from both ascospores and conidia.  相似文献   

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