基于COI基因序列的九种真蝽属昆虫的分子系统学研究(半翅目:蝽科)

通过对真蝽属Pentatoma 9种昆虫线粒体COI基因约798bp的序列进行分子进化分析,并以同蝽科宽铗同蝽Acanthosoma labiduroides为外群,采用最大简约法、最大似然法和邻接法构建了分子系统树,来探讨真蝽属的系统发育关系.研究结果支持褐真蝽群P. semiannulata-group的划分,绿角真蝽Pentatoma viridicornuta应划归到褐真蝽群P. Semiannulata-group;红足真蝽群中的角肩真蝽P. angulata与红足真蝽P. rufipes遗传距离较小,它们是否为1个物种值得关注;真蝽属各群之间的系统发育关系以及是否可分为3个属值得进一步研究.     

小长蝽线粒体基因组全序列测定与长蝽总科系统发育分析

为了解小长蝽Nysius ericae（Schilling）线粒体基因组结构及长蝽总科的分子系统发育关系。本试验采用Illumina MiSeq测序平台对小长蝽线粒体基因进行测序,对基因组序列进行拼装、注释和特征分析,利用最大似然法和贝叶斯法构建基于12种长蝽总科昆虫线粒体全基因组核苷酸序列的系统发育树。小长蝽线粒体基因组全长为16 330 bp（GenBank登录号：MW465654）,基因组包括13个蛋白编码基因（PCGs）,22个tRNA基因,2个rRNA基因和1段非编码控制区。11个蛋白质编码基因的起始密码子为典型的ATN;cox1,nad4l的起始密码子为TTG。cob的终止密码子为TAG,其余蛋白编码基因的终止密码子为TAA。只有trnS1缺少DHU臂,其余tRNA基因均能形成典型的三叶草结构。12种长蝽总科昆虫线粒体全基因组序列构建的昆虫系统发育树结果显示,小长蝽与Nysius plebeius具有更近的亲缘关系,且与传统形态学分类基本一致。小长蝽线粒体基因组符合长蝽总科线粒体基因组的一般特征。结果表明小长蝽与N. plebeius的亲缘关系更近。     

基于四个Hox基因的水生蝽类昆虫（半翅目-异翅亚目：蝎蝽次目）系统发育研究

本研究选取了水生的蝎蝽次目(半翅目:异翅亚目)10科的11种为代表种,扩增了蛋白编码基因-四个Hox基因(abd-A,Dfd,Ubx和pb)的部分片段,利用最大似然法和贝叶斯方法分析了蝎蝽次目总科或科间的系统发育关系。研究结果如下:支持蝎蝽次目、潜蝽总科(盖蝽科+潜蝽科)、蝎蝽总科(负子蝽科+蝎蝽科)、蜍蝽总科(蜍蝽科+蟾蝽科)以及固蝽总科(固蝽科+蚤蝽科)的单系性;蜍蝽总科为蝎蝽次目的基部分支;仰蝽总科只包括仰蝽科,并与(固蝽总科+潜蝽总科)形成新的姐妹群关系;蝎蝽总科与划蝽总科为姐妹群;表明Hox基因在解决异翅亚目总科间或科间的系统发育关系上,是适合的分子标记。     

大头隆胸长蝽线粒体基因组测序及分析(半翅目:地长蝽科)

地长蝽科隶属于半翅目异翅亚目蝽次目长蝽总科,该科包括15个族,缢胸族是其中包含属最多的族,而目前该族物种尚无线粒体基因组报道.该族中的隆胸长蝽属昆虫是一个仅在东洋界分布的类群,其中大头隆胸长蝽Eucosmetus incisus(Walker,1872)在中国水稻种植地区广泛发生,是重要的水稻害虫.因此,对大头隆胸长蝽开展线粒体基因组研究具有重要意义.本研究测定了大头隆胸长蝽线粒体基因组编码区域的全部基因序列,并分析了其主要特征,结果如下:(1)共测得大头隆胸长蝽线粒体基因序列长度为14 562 bp,由一部分控制区和典型的37个基因组成,包括22个转运RNA基因,13个蛋白编码基因和2个核糖体RNA基因.其线粒体基因排列顺序同果蝇Drosophila yakuba和大多数蝽次目昆虫排列顺序相同.(2)除tRNA-His缺少TΨC环、不能正常折叠外,其它21个tRNA均能折叠成经典三叶草结构.16SrRNA的结构域IV和V比结构域Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅵ更保守,12S rRNA的结构域Ⅲ比结构域Ⅰ和Ⅱ更保守.在蝽次目昆虫中,存在两个较稳定的重叠区域,分别位于ATP8和ATP6,ND4和ND4L之间,并且这两段基因重叠区互为反向互补序列(ATGATAA).(3)核苷酸组成和密码子的使用都表现出了很高的AT偏向性,在13个蛋白编码基因和2个核糖体RNA中,由N链编码的基因都是TA偏移和GC偏移,而除C0I之外所有由J链编码的基因都刚好相反,都是AT偏移和CG偏移,COI为TA偏移和CG偏移.使用最频繁的密码子均由AT组成,且多数不与tRNA反密码子严格配对.本文为对缢胸族昆虫线粒体基因组序列的首次报道,为将来开展缢胸族昆虫相关的分子系统发育研究初步提供了基础数据.除对大头隆胸长蝽本身的分析外,我们还联合了蝽次目毛点类中其它物种的同源序列,针对红蝽总科、缘蝽总科和长蝽总科间的系统发育关系进行了研究,结果表明了长蝽总科的单系性,与其亲缘关系最近的是缘蝽总科.     

基于线粒体COⅡ基因的中国蝽科分子系统学研究(半翅目,异翅亚目)

扩增并测定了我国蝽科4亚科8属11种昆虫线粒体COⅡ基因585 bp的序列,对序列的碱基组成、转换颠换、遗传距离等进行分析,探讨了COⅡ基因在该科的分子进化机制.并基于COⅡ基因序列数据,分别采用邻接法(NI)、最大简约法(MP)和贝叶斯推论法(BI)建立蝽科分子系统发育关系.研究结果表明,蝽科昆虫COⅡ基因A T含量平均为71.7%,存在较强的A T含量偏向性,氨基酸的变异率为27.2%;亚科间的遗传距离介于0.168～0.242之间,大于亚科内属种间的遗传距离,蝽科与盾蝽科2外群之间遗传距离最大,两科之间存在明显的间断.分子系统发育树表明,短喙蝽亚科为蝽科中较为原始的类群,分化较早,益蝽亚科与舌盾蝽亚科关系较近,形成一对姐妹群,蝽科中捕食性种类--益蝽亚科是较为特化的类群,它是由植食性种类分化而来.蝽科4亚科间的分子系统发育关系为Phyllocephalinae (Pentatominae (Asopinae Podopinae).     

蝽科部分昆虫细胞色素b基因序列及其系统发育关系的探讨

以线粒体细胞色素b(Cyt b)基因作为分子标记,对蝽科蝽亚科3种、益蝽亚科2种、荔蝽亚科1种、盾蝽亚科2种昆虫进行序列测定,获得Cyt b基因432bp的序列片段,该片段中碱基T、C、A、G的平均含量分别为31．3％、12．4％、37．6％和18．7％,A T平均含量为68．9％,明显高于G C含量(30．1％);密码子第三位点A T含量更高达82．7％。属和种间序列变异大,碱基替换多发生在第三位点。以筛豆龟蝽(Megacopta cribraria)为外群构建系统发育树,结合形态特征与序列变异率,赞同将盾蝽亚科、荔蝽亚科从蝽科划分出来并提升为科的观点,它们之间的系统关系为：盾蝽科与荔蝽科形成姊妹群,较蝽科发育得早;蝽科作为一个单系群,是蝽总科中最为进化的类群。     

丽盲蝽属(丽盲蝽亚属)中国种类修订1)(半翅目: 盲蝽科: 盲蝽亚科)

对丽盲蝽属（丽盲蝽亚属）Lygocoris(subg.Lygocoris)的中国种类作了修订。文中共包括19个种,其中有12新种,1个中国新世录种,并包括1项新等级的认定。即暗胝丽盲蝽L．（L．）calliger sp.nov.(正模：四川峨眉山九老洞）,程氏丽盲蝽L.(L.)chengi sp.nov.（正模：四川峨眉山大乘寺）,晕斑丽盲蝽L.(L.)diffusomaculatus sp.nov.(正模：甘肃榆中兴隆山）,淡色丽盲蝽L.(L.)dilutus sp.nov.（正模：甘肃夏河县合作）,锈褐丽盲蝽L.(L.)ferrugineus sp.nov.（正模L：云南衰牢山）,褐盾丽盲蝽L.(L.)fuscoscutellatus(Reute,1906)stat.nov,[由L.(L.)striicornis var.fuscoscutellatus升为种级阶元],广西丽盲蝽L.(L.)guangxiensis sp.nov.(正模：广西龙胜）,东亚丽盲蝽L.(L.)idoneus (Linnavuori,1963)（中国新纪录种）,完脊丽盲蝽L.(L.)integricarinatus sp.nov.(甘肃榆中麻家寺）,林氏丽盲蝽L.(L.)linnavuorii sp.nov,（云南哀牢山簸箕坝）,长翅丽盲蝽L.(L.)longipennis(Reuter,1906),斑质丽盲蝽L.(L.)maculiscutellatus sp.nov,(四川理县刷经寺）,原丽盲蝽L.(L.)pabulinus(Linnaeus,1761),红质丽盲蝽L.(L.)rufiscutellatus sp.nov.(甘肃榆中）,中红丽盲蝽L.(L.)pabulinus(Linnaeus,1961),红盾丽盲蝽L.(L.)rufiscutellatus sp.nov.（甘肃榆中）,中红丽盲蝽L.(L.)rufomedialis sp.nov.(云南玉龙山）,皱胸丽盲蝽L.(L.)rugosicollis(Reuter,1906),四川丽盲蝽L.(L.)sichuanicus sp.nov.(四川巴尔康）,纹角丽盲蝽L.(L.)striicornis(Reuter,1906),台湾丽盲蝽L.(L.)taivanus(Poppius,1915)。模式标本除注明者外,均存于南开大学生物系昆虫标本室。     

七种蝽mtDNA-16S rRNA基因序列多态性的研究(半翅目:蝽科)

测定蝽亚科2族4属7个种(宽碧蝽,辉蝽,凹肩辉蝽,角肩真蝽,褐真蝽,斑真蝽,全蝽)9个个体线粒体DNA(mtDNA)的16SrRNA基因片段,分析了其遗传多态性。通过测定该基因片段的序列发现,不同种群存在丰富的DNA序列多态性,同一种的不同个体差异较小,9个个体具有9种基因型。在扩增的长为400bp的基因片段中,通过排序,有338个碱基可用于这9个个体的比较。在这一基因片段中,共检测到122个多态性核苷酸位点(约36．1％)。NJ法构建的分子系统树表明碧蝽属归于短中片族,全蝽属的分化较其它属要早。     

伊朗猎蝽科四新记录种(半翅目:猎蝽科)

记述伊朗猎蝽科Reduviidae真猎蝽亚科Harpactorinae昆虫4新记录种:争土猎蝽Coronus contrarius Reuter,1881、环瑞猎蝽Rhynocons annulatus(Linnaeus,1758)、红胸瑞猎蛴Rhynocoris rubrogularis (Horvfith,1880)及沙地枯猎蝽Vachiria deserta(Becker,1867).     

菊方翅网蝽在中国首次记述(半翅目,网蝽科)

记述方翅网蝽属菊方翅网蝽Corythucha marmorata (Uhler,1878)的形态特征、分布和寄主,并提供了主要鉴别特征照片,给出方翅网蝽属中国种检索表.检视标本保存于南开大学昆虫研究所.     

Molecular systematics of Trilliaceae II. Phylogenetic analyses of Trillium and its allies using sequences of rbcL and matK genes of cpDNA and internal transcribed spacers of 18S–26S nrDNA

Coding regions of the rbcL and matK genes of cp DNA and internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA were sequenced to study phylogenetic relationships within and among all four genera of Trilliaceae: Trillium, Paris, Daiswa and Kinugasa . The rbcL gene has evolved much slower than matK and in particular ITS; hence the phylogenetic trees based on the rbcL gene show a much lower resolution than trees based on either matK or ITS. The general topology of phylogenetic trees resulting from separate parsimony analyses of the matK and ITS sequences are relatively congruent, with the exception of the placement of T. pusillum . Both matK and ITS phylogenies reveal that T. rivale diverges at the base of the trees. In both trees, Paris, Daiswa and Kinugasa form a relatively weakly supported group. Within this group, the allo-octaploid Kinugasa japonica is the sister group of Daiswa species. The Paris–Daiswa – Kinugasa group, the major Trillium group, and T. undulatum and T. govanianum showed a loosely related topology, but their affinities are not evident according to these two molecular markers. However, phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequences derived from matK shows that T. rivale together with clades T. undulatum–T. govanianum, Daiswa–Kinugasa and Paris is basally diverged as a sister group to the remainder of Trillium .     

Phylogenetic history of sifakas (Propithecus: lemuriformes) derived from mtDNA sequences

The sifakas (Propithecus) include three species containing up to 10 described subspecies, whose evolutionary relationships remain contentious. In particular, it is unclear whether P. verreauxi deckeni and P.v. coronatus populations are differentiated at the subspecific level. Furthermore, the taxonomic status of the recently discovered P. tattersalli and its phylogenetic position also require further examination. About 2,400 bp of mitochondrial DNA sequence data from part of the COIII gene, together with complete genes for ND3, ND4L, ND4, and five tRNAs, were used to clarify relationships among Propithecus species and subspecies. All analyses group Avahi as the sister group to all sifakas. P. diadema is placed as a sister group to all other Propithecus. Among the remaining sifakas, one subclade is formed by Puv. coquereli and P. tattersalli, while P.v. verreauxi, P.v. deckeni, and P.v. coronatus form the second subclade. All analyses fail to resolve P.vu. coronatus and P.v. deckeni into separate monophyletic lineages. Based on pairwise distance comparisons and tree topology, we conclude that P. tattersalli does not represent a distinct species and that P.v. deckeni and P.v. coronatus do not deserve subspecific rank. On the other hand, our analyses indicate that P.v. coquereli may well represent a separate species.     

Molecular phylogeny of the lemur family cheirogaleidae (primates) based on mitochondrial DNA sequences

Cheirogaleidae currently comprises five genera whose relationships remain contentious. The taxonomic status and phylogenetic position of both Mirza coquereli and Allocebus trichotis are still unclear. The taxonomic status of the recently discovered Microcebus ravelobensis (a sympatric sibling species of Microcebus murinus) and its phylogenetic position also require further examination. A approximately 2.4-kb mitochondrial DNA sequence including part of the COIII gene, complete ND3, ND4L, and ND4 genes, and 5 tRNAs was used to clarify relationships among cheirogaleids. Mirza and Microcebus form a clade representing the sister group of Allocebus, with a clade containing Cheirogaleus major and Cheirogaleus medius diverging first. M. ravelobensis and Microcebus rufus form a subclade within Microcebus, with M. murinus as its sister group. The molecular data support the generic status of Mirza coquereli and species-level divergence of M. ravelobensis. Furthermore, "M. rufus" may well represent more than one species.     

宁夏蝽科二新记录种

本文记述了发现于宁夏的蝽科昆虫两个新记录种：日本真蝽Pentatoma juponica Distant和浩蝽Okeanos quelpartensis Distant。     

Phylogenetic relationships of the carabid subfamily Harpalinae (Coleoptera) based on molecular sequence data

The carabid subfamily Harpalinae contains most of the species of carabid beetles. This subfamily, with over 19,000 species, radiated in the Cretaceous to yield a large clade that is diverse in morphological form and ecological habit. While there are several morphological, cytological, and chemical characters that unite most harpalines, the placement of some tribes within the subfamily remains controversial, as does the sister group relationships to this large group. In this study, DNA sequences from the 28S rDNA gene and the wingless nuclear protein-coding gene were collected from 52 carabid genera representing 31 harpaline tribes in addition to more than 21 carabid outgroup taxa to reconstruct the phylogeny of this group. Molecular sequence data from these genes, along with additional data from the 18S rDNA gene, were analyzed with a variety of phylogenetic analysis methods, separately for each gene and in a combined data approach. Results indicated that the subfamily Harpalinae is monophyletic with the enigmatic tribes of Morionini, Peleciini, and Pseudomorphini included within it. Brachinine bombardier beetles are closely related to Harpalinae as they form the sister group to harpalines or, in some analyses, are included within it or with austral psydrines. The austral psydrines are the sister group to Harpalinae+Brachinini clade in most analyses and austral psydrines+Brachinini+Harpalinae clade is strongly supported.     

Prey preferences of six species of Carabidae (Coleoptera) and one Lycosidae (Araneae) commonly found in UK arable crop fields

Abstract: Laboratory experiments were used to determine the feeding preferences of six carabid beetles and one lycosid spider on aphid and collembolan prey. The first investigation used only five species of carabid Pterostichus melanarius Illiger, Pterostichus madidus F., Harpalus rufipes DeGeer, Nebria brevicollis F. and Carabus violaceus L., which had been caught most commonly in pitfall traps in the headland region of arable crop fields. When offered Brevicoryne brassicae L., Sitobion avenae F., Metopolophium dirhodum Walker and Rhopalosiphum padi L. as prey items, the species consistently consumed in high numbers was M. dirhodum . In subsequent experiments four carabids Pterostichus cupreus L., P. melanarius, P. madidus. H. rufipes and a lycosid spider Trochosa ruricola DeGeer whose distribution was shown by pitfall trapping to extend throughout the arable crop, were the chosen predators. These predators were offered a choice between M. dirhodum and entomobryid collembolans (a recognised alternative prey item) to gauge their preference between the two prey types. Both male and female P. cupreus and P. melanarius showed a significant preference for the aphid prey, while there was no significant preference displayed by the other species. The effect of temperature on the voracity of these five predators fed on M. dirhodum was investigated. There were significant differences in the number of aphids consumed by the species and sexes at the different temperatures. Regression analysis on the mean numbers of aphids eaten by each sex of the five predators, showed that in the majority of cases there was a significant increase in predation with increasing temperature. In considering the dietary preferences illustrated by these experiments, it appeared that P. cupreus and P. melanarius offered the greatest potential in controlling aphids on arable crops.     

A new molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for the evolution of freshwater eels

Phylogenetic analysis of a segment of the mitochondrial 16S rDNA of eight Anguilla species from the Indo-Pacific region and from the North Atlantic revealed that the genus Anguilla appears to be surprisingly young, based upon the small observed maximum genetic distance of 4.8% and the high degree of morphological similarity among the species. The placement of A. marmorata as the most ancestral lineage suggests that the genus is likely to have originated in the Indo-Malayian region, from which it quickly spread. Two Pacific species, A. obscura and A. japonica, branched next. A. japonica was placed as sister group to all remaining species, which formed three clades: the first comprising A. australis, the second A. reinhardti and A. mossambica, and the third A. anguilla and A. rostrata. All analyzed specimens of A. rostrata originating from southern New Jersey to Nova Scotia had identical mitotypes, while five mitochondrial genotypes were found in Europe differing by zero to two substitutions. The two Atlantic eel species are very closely related; all surveyed specimens of A. anguilla differ by three to five substitutions from their American allies, corroborating the existence of two distinct biological species. This was also confirmed by restriction analysis of a 350-bp segment of the cytochrome b, in which American specimens were distinct in sharing a single diagnostic restriction site of HinfI. Our results suggest little to no gene flow between the two nominal Atlantic eel species.