南疆地区巴仁杏果园土壤矿质元素与叶片营养水平分析

为探讨果园土壤矿质元素与叶片营养水平的相互关系,于巴仁杏盛果期采集南疆阿克陶县巴仁杏果园的壤土和沙土土样,以及植株叶片,测定土壤与叶片矿质元素质量分数,结果表明,该地区2种类型土壤巴仁杏果园叶片全氮质量分数均偏低,沙土果园叶片镁质量分数偏低。不同土壤类型果园叶片全氮、钾、钙、镁质量分数差异显著。该地区果园土壤养分整体较低,其中,土壤有机质、氮、磷、锌、锰、铜质量分数均偏低,此外不同矿质元素在不同土层的分布规律因土壤类型不同而各有差异。2种土壤类型果园的土壤有机质质量分数与叶片磷质量分数均呈正相关,叶片其他矿质元素质量分数与土壤有机质质量分数的相关性与土壤类型有关;土壤矿质元素与叶片相应矿物质元素的相关性因土壤质地不同而存在较大差异。因此,在巴仁杏果园的土肥管理中应增施有机质及氮、磷、锌、锰、铜、硼等矿质元素。此外,对不同土壤类型果园的管理应根据果园土壤类型进行针对性施肥。     

樟子松固沙林生长对土壤磷素变化的影响

磷是森林生态系统重要养分元素之一,是干旱半干旱地区植物生长的限制性因子。然而沙质草地转化为人工林生态系统后,林分的生长对沙地土壤磷素的变化及其影响机理还不清晰,为沙地合理经营和管理人工林带来了不确定性。以辽宁省章古台地区各生长阶段(幼龄林、中龄林、成熟林和过熟林阶段)的20块樟子松固沙林样地(在各生长阶段林分附近寻找1块天然草地作为对照样地)为研究对象,取样并测定样地各土层(0—10、10—20、20—40、40—60、60—80、80—100 cm)的土壤磷(全磷和速效磷)、土壤氮(全氮和速效氮)、土壤钾(全钾及速效钾)、土壤有机碳等含量以及土壤含水率、土壤pH值、土壤质地、土壤容重等因子值,并进行统计分析。结果表明:沙质草地营造樟子松人工林后,土壤全磷含量随林龄的增加而逐渐递增,成熟林时期达到最高,过熟林地全磷降低,且土壤全磷对土层深度不敏感。成熟林地的速效磷含量略高于幼林和中龄林;虽然与幼林、中龄林没有显著差异,但过熟林的土壤速效磷含量是所有林分中最低的。除了林分生长影响外,草地营造樟子松林后,土壤全磷的变化还受土壤容重和土壤速效氮含量的影响,而土壤速效磷的变化受土壤有机碳和pH...     

生物炭对间作体系中刨花润楠生长及土壤养分年际变化的影响

为探究生物炭对刨花润楠(Machilus pauhoi)的促生及土壤保肥的长期效应,以刨花润楠-梅叶冬青(Ilex latifolia)间作系统为研究对象,开展田间小区试验,研究0 kg(CK)、1.2 kg(T1)、2.4 kg(T2)、和4.8 kg(T3)4个生物炭用量对2015—2017年间刨花润楠生长动态及土壤养分含量年际变化的影响。结果表明:移栽前期,刨花润楠生长较慢,但16月后生长速度加快。生物炭可促进刨花润楠株高、叶长及叶宽的生长,但不同用量间差异不显著;与对照相比,T1、T2和T3处理下刨花润楠地上部干重分别增加35.71%、59.02%和31.81%,地下部干重分别增加28.02%、39.69%和20.52%;3个年份生物炭处理下0—15 cm和15—30 cm土层pH、有机质和速效钾含量均高于对照,且均随着生物炭施用量的增加而增加;生物炭处理下土壤全氮、全磷、全钾含量均略有提高。施用生物炭后,2015年和2016年0—15 cm土层碱解氮含量降低,2017年则有所增加,但影响不显著(P0.05)。15—30 cm土层碱解氮含量变化不明显;生物炭对2015年0—15 cm土层有效磷含量的影响不显著,到2016年和2017年则增加其含量,且T1和T3处理下效应最显著。生物炭可增加15—30 cm土层有效磷含量,但到后期(2017年)效应不显著(P0.05)。总体看来,不同处理下土壤各养分含量均表现为0—15 cm15—30 cm,2015年2016年2017年。刨花润楠生物量与0—15 cm土壤养分含量间存在显著正相关性,各养分含量间也存在正相关关系。适量生物炭(T2)处理促生保肥效应最佳,且具有长效性。     

模拟践踏和降水对高寒草甸土壤养分和酶活性的影响

为明晰牦牛和藏羊践踏对高寒草甸的分异影响,通过2年模拟践踏和降水双因子控制试验,研究了践踏和降水对高寒草甸土壤养分和酶活性的影响。研究结果表明,践踏处理提高了0—20 cm土层土壤速效氮和速效钾含量,降低了0—20 cm全磷、脲酶和0—10 cm速效磷、碱性磷酸酶和有机质含量,且适度践踏促进了全氮的矿化。随降水强度的增加,0—30 cm土层土壤全氮和0—20 cm全磷和脲酶活性呈单峰曲线的变化态势,在平水下达到峰值;降水显著降低了0—30 cm土层土壤速效氮、磷、钾和0—10 cm土层土壤全钾含量,对土壤有机质含量无显著影响(P0.05)。同一放牧强度下,藏羊践踏区的土壤养分和酶活性优于牦牛践踏区,但差异不显著(P0.05)。综合可得,家畜的践踏作用促进了土壤氮和钾的矿化,抑制了磷的累积且加速了表层土壤有机质的耗竭,降低了土壤脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性;适度降水提高了土壤全氮、全磷含量及酶活性,降水过多则相反。适度的家畜践踏与降水相耦合下草地土壤的养分循环和酶活性要优于重度践踏和不践踏小区。在对草地的适度放牧利用前提下,应注重土壤含水量和放牧畜种对草地的影响。草地干旱或土壤含水量过高时,应适当减少放牧畜种中牦牛比例增加藏羊比例,以期使草地得到健康可持续发展。     

模拟践踏和降水对高寒草甸土壤养分和酶活性的影响

为明晰牦牛和藏羊践踏对高寒草甸的分异影响,通过2年模拟践踏和降水双因子控制试验,研究了践踏和降水对高寒草甸土壤养分和酶活性的影响。研究结果表明,践踏处理提高了0—20 cm土层土壤速效氮和速效钾含量,降低了0—20 cm全磷、脲酶和0—10 cm速效磷、碱性磷酸酶和有机质含量,且适度践踏促进了全氮的矿化。随降水强度的增加,0—30 cm土层土壤全氮和0—20 cm全磷和脲酶活性呈单峰曲线的变化态势,在平水下达到峰值;降水显著降低了0—30 cm土层土壤速效氮、磷、钾和0—10 cm土层土壤全钾含量,对土壤有机质含量无显著影响(P0.05)。同一放牧强度下,藏羊践踏区的土壤养分和酶活性优于牦牛践踏区,但差异不显著(P0.05)。综合可得,家畜的践踏作用促进了土壤氮和钾的矿化,抑制了磷的累积且加速了表层土壤有机质的耗竭,降低了土壤脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性;适度降水提高了土壤全氮、全磷含量及酶活性,降水过多则相反。适度的家畜践踏与降水相耦合下草地土壤的养分循环和酶活性要优于重度践踏和不践踏小区。在对草地的适度放牧利用前提下,应注重土壤含水量和放牧畜种对草地的影响。草地干旱或土壤含水量过高时,应适当减少放牧畜种中牦牛比例增加藏羊比例,以期使草地得到健康可持续发展。     

人工油松林的化学元素特征

28年生人工油松林的建群种——油松各器官化学元素浓度由叶、小枝、枝和树干逐渐下降。叶内元素浓度高低,以碳、氮、钙、钾、镁、磷为序。地下部分细根较粗根的元素浓度为大。灌木的化学元素的共同特点是碳含量最高,其次为氮、钾和钙。灌木叶片中的元素浓度大于茎。草本植物地上部分元素浓度明显低于灌木叶。灌木根系内化学元素浓度均低于它的地上部分。枯枝落叶的化学成分与活的枝、叶相比,铁的浓度显著增加,其次为铝,其他元素的浓度或多或少有所下降。在人工油松林各层次植物中,以碳素积累量最高,其次为钙和氮。元素的存留量仍以碳素为高,其次在乔木层中存留量以钙较大,在灌木层中以氮、钾较高。元素的年归还量除碳以外,钙较高,钾、磷较低。人工林的吸收量/土壤贮量的比值,以钾和磷较高。土壤中代换性钾、磷的贮量相对不大,为促进人工林生长,增施磷肥和钾肥将是有效的。     

紫胶生产对土壤及寄主植物营养元素含量和分布的影响

土壤、植物中的营养元素含量特征是生态系统养分循环的重要内容之一,为探讨人工紫胶林中紫胶生产对土壤及寄主植物中营养元素含量和分布的影响,本研究调查了不同强度紫胶生产样地中植物根、茎、叶、枝条各部位以及土壤不同深度的氮、磷、钾营养元素含量。结果显示:不同强度的紫胶生产会显著影响植物氮的含量,但是对磷和钾没有显著的影响。低强度紫胶生产样地的植物含氮量显著高于高强度紫胶生产和无生样地植物的含氮量。不同强度的紫胶生产对土壤中全氮、速效磷的含量无显著影响,但是对全磷、全钾和速效钾有显著影响,高强度紫胶生产样地土壤中全磷和全钾的含量都显著低于无生产样地。本研究揭示了紫胶林生态系统中低强度的紫胶生产会提高植物中氮元素的含量,同时紫胶生产会降低土壤中磷和钾的含量,对紫胶生产的持续经营有一定指导意义。     

日本落叶松人工林针叶中矿质营养元素的季节吸收特点及其相互关系

本文测定了日本落叶松人工林针叶中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn9种矿质营养元素含量并研究了生长期内元素含量的变化规律。结果表明,在生长期内各元素含量随季节变化可用修正指数曲钱描述;探讨了落叶松针叶中常量元素与某些土壤化学因子之间的关系。土壤有机质仅与土壤全量氮、水解氮表现了显著的线性相关,与落叶松针叶中的氮没有直接的线性相关。土壤中钙镁的含量则表现出明显的对针叶中磷、钾的含量的制约关系。在日本落叶松针叶中的氮、磷、钾3个元素之间,氮、磷的比值与钾的含量有显著的线性负相关,而磷与钾之间则表现为显著的线性正相关关系。     

陕西洛川旱塬苹果园地深层土壤水分和养分特征

测定了陕西洛川旱塬11、15、20、25和43龄苹果园地0～1500 cm土层土壤湿度和0～300 cm土层土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾含量,分析了测定深度范围内土壤干燥化情况、各养分指标丰缺状况及其随种植年限和土层深度的变化特征.结果表明:11、15、20、25和43龄苹果园地0～ 1500 cm土层土壤湿度依次为18.6％、13.7％、17.0％、11.5％和13.1％,随树龄增加果园土壤湿度总体呈降低趋势,有补灌果园土壤尚未发生干燥化,而旱作果园均发生了轻度或中度干燥化,0 ～ 300 cm土层土壤湿度高于麦田.O～300 cm土层土壤有机质、全氮和碱解氮含量分别小于10 g·kg-1、0.75 g·kg-1和50mg· kg-1,均处于亏缺状态;速效磷含量介于3.30～6.42 mg·kg-1,总体表现为浅层适宜、深层亏缺状态,速效钾含量介于78.09～ 98.31 mg·kg-1,尚未亏缺.果园0～100 cm土层有机质和氮、磷、钾含量均高于100～300 cm土层.随果树种植年限增加,土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮含量及土壤养分指数(SNI)均表现为先增加后降低趋势;除全钾外,随土层深度增加,各养分含量在0 ～ 100 cm土层范围内快速降低,之后维持相对稳定.土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全磷、速效磷和速效钾含量之间呈极显著正相关,而全钾与其他6个养分指标之间的相关性不显著.     

北京松山自然保护区不同母质油松林土壤氮、磷、钾含量垂直分布

以北京市松山自然保护区同海拔油松林下两种母质(花岗岩和石灰岩)上发育的土壤为对象,研究了土壤的全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量在剖面的垂直变化.结果表明:花岗岩母质发育的土壤0～20cm土层的全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别为1.61～2.35g·kg-1、5.84～10.74mg·kg-1和39.33～93.66mg·kg-1,石灰岩母质发育的土壤分别为1.69～2.36g·kg-1、4.45～8.57mg·kg-1和60.66～124.00mg·kg-1.两种母质发育的土壤0～10cm土层的全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量均最大,且与各土层之间差异均极显著,并随土层深度的增加而下降,说明土壤全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量的分布有很强的表聚性,而且石灰岩母质发育的土壤的表聚性更强.对同土层土壤进行配对t检验,全氮含量在各土层之间无显著性差异,有效磷含量在0～10cm土层差异极显著,速效钾含量在10～20cm土层之间差异显著.     

ROS-mediated vascular homeostatic control of root-to-shoot soil Na delivery in Arabidopsis

Sodium (Na) is ubiquitous in soils, and is transported to plant shoots via transpiration through xylem elements in the vascular tissue. However, excess Na is damaging. Accordingly, control of xylem-sap Na concentration is important for maintenance of shoot Na homeostasis, especially under Na stress conditions. Here we report that shoot Na homeostasis of Arabidopsis thaliana plants grown in saline soils is conferred by reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation of xylem-sap Na concentrations. We show that lack of A. thaliana respiratory burst oxidase protein F (AtrbohF; an NADPH oxidase catalysing ROS production) causes hypersensitivity of shoots to soil salinity. Lack of AtrbohF-dependent salinity-induced vascular ROS accumulation leads to increased Na concentrations in root vasculature cells and in xylem sap, thus causing delivery of damaging amounts of Na to the shoot. We also show that the excess shoot Na delivery caused by lack of AtrbohF is dependent upon transpiration. We conclude that AtrbohF increases ROS levels in wild-type root vasculature in response to raised soil salinity, thereby limiting Na concentrations in xylem sap, and in turn protecting shoot cells from transpiration-dependent delivery of excess Na.     

Impact of defoliation intensities on plant biomass,nutrient uptake and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in Lotus tenuis growing in a saline‐sodic soil

The impact of different defoliation intensities on the ability of Lotus tenuis plants to regrowth, mobilise nutrients and to associate with native AM fungi and Rhizobium in a saline‐sodic soil was investigated. After 70 days, plants were subjected to 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% defoliation and shoot regrowth was assessed at the end of subsequent 35 days. Compared to non‐defoliated plants, low or moderate defoliation up to 75% did not affect shoot regrowth. However, 100% treatment affected shoot regrowth and the clipped plants were not able to compensate the growth attained by non‐defoliated plants. Root growth was more affected by defoliation than shoot growth. P and N concentrations in shoots and roots increased with increasing defoliation while Na⁺ concentration in shoots of non‐defoliated and moderately defoliated plants was similar. Non‐defoliated and moderately defoliated plants prevented increases of Na⁺ concentration in shoots through both reducing Na⁺ uptake and Na⁺ transport to shoots by accumulating Na⁺ in roots. At high defoliation, the salinity tolerance mechanism is altered and Na⁺ concentration in shoots was higher than in roots. Reduction in the photosynthetic capacity induced by defoliation neither changed the root length colonised by AM fungi nor arbuscular colonisation but decreased the vesicular colonisation. Spore density did not change, but hyphal density and Rhizobium nodules increased with defoliation. The strategy of the AM symbiont consists in investing most of the C resources to preferentially retain arbuscular colonisation as well as inoculum density in the soil.     

The formation,morphology and anatomy of cluster root of Lupinus albus L. as dependent on soil type and phosphorus supply

The effect of phosphorus supply on the formation, morphology and anatomy of cluster roots of Lupinus albus L. cv Ultra grown in a loam and two sandy soils was examined relative to its effect on total root length, shoot weight and the phosphorus concentration of the shoots. The loam soil was most conducive to the formation of cluster roots. Cluster roots growing in the sandy soils developed to a lesser extent on plants of an equivalent phosphorus status, suggesting that some biotic or abiotic factors independent of phosphorus supply were also operating. The presence of mature cluster rootlets on a length of lateral root increased the root surface area by 14–22 times of an equal length of lateral roots not bearing cluster rootlets. The application of phosphorus decreased cluster-root length, whereas total root length showed a steady increase. There was an inverse relationship between cluster-root production and phosphorus concentration in shoots ranging from 2 to 8.5 mg g^–1 with the critical phosphorus level for maximum shoot growth being around 2.5 mg g^–1. Cluster roots formed in solution culture were not well developed in comparison with those grown in the loam soil or nutrient solution with added loam soil. The organisation of the cluster rootlet was similar to that of the lateral roots. Mature rootlets lacked an apical meristem and a vascular cambium with a reduced root cap and cortical tissue.     

滨海盐渍土壤中不同类型盐生植物富集镉的效应

为了利用被镉污染的滨海盐渍土壤,通过实验对比分析3种不同类型盐生植物对盐渍土中镉的富集效应,以期初步探明不同类型盐生植物在镉污染盐渍土壤修复中的效果。选择的3种盐生植物类型是:聚盐盐生植物,泌盐盐生植物和避盐盐生植物。通过温室盆栽实验,将植物在不同镉含量的盐渍土壤中种植培养60 d,测定和分析不同类型盐生植物对镉的生物浓缩因子、转移系数以及植株内地上部分和根部生物量和镉含量的变化。结果表明,不同镉含量的土壤对碱蓬和芦苇的生长影响较小,对二色补血草的生长影响较大。不同镉含量的土壤中,芦苇地上部分镉的生物浓缩因子变化差异不显著,并且其地上部分吸收镉的百分率较高。碱蓬和芦苇的转移系数大于二色补血草的转移系数,并且碱蓬的转移系数在不同镉含量的土壤中变化不显著;二色补血草的转移系数随着土壤中镉含量的增加而显著增大。3种盐生植物中,碱蓬最具修复镉污染盐渍土壤的潜力,这可能和它是聚盐盐生植物的生理类型有关。芦苇整个植株的地上部分富集镉的总量在3种植物中是最高的,因此,芦苇在镉含量较低时也可以做为镉污染盐渍土壤的修复材料。     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液灌溉对土壤理化特征和草本花卉生长的影响

以草本花卉植物一串红和石竹为材料,通过盆栽试验研究了不同浓度垃圾渗滤液灌溉对土壤理化性质及生物学性质、植物生长、氮磷和重金属吸收的影响。渗滤液灌溉提高了土壤有机质、氮含量和电导率,其中,黄壤盐分积累速度大于紫色土,而对土壤磷和重金属含量的影响不明显,土壤脲酶活性随渗滤液浓度的提高呈先升高后降低趋势,紫色土和黄壤在渗滤液灌溉浓度分别为60%和40%时脲酶活性最强;随渗滤液浓度提高紫色土过氧化氢酶活性略为上升,黄壤过氧化氢酶活性降低。渗滤液灌溉使两种花卉根系生长受到抑制,但对植物地上部的生长发育存在低浓度促进高浓度抑制的双重作用。渗滤液灌溉可提高两种植物地上部的氮含量,对一串红磷含量影响不明显,使石竹磷含量降低,对Cu、Zn含量的影响因土壤和植物的不同而异,但高浓度渗滤液灌溉使两种植物Pb、Cr和Cd含量均提高。结果表明,适当浓度渗滤液灌溉具有改善土壤肥力,促进植物地上部生长发育的作用,渗滤液灌溉不会引起土壤和植物体内重金属过量积累,土壤氮过量积累导致的氮磷营养失调和盐分过度积累是高浓度渗滤液抑制植物生长的重要原因。从土壤性质变化和植物生长反应看,渗滤液灌溉浓度以20%—40%为佳。     

Gopher mound soil reduces growth and affects ion uptake of two annual grassland species

Summary Portions of an annual serpentine grassland community in California are subject to frequent gopher mound formation. Consequently, studies were undertaken to characterize the effects of mound soils on plant growth and ion uptake. For two of the dominant annual species (Bromus mollis L. and Plantago erecta Morris), growth was reduced in gopher mound soil relative to that in inter-mound soil. A similar reduction in growth was found for plants grown in soils collected at a depth corresponding to the depth of gopher burrowing. This reduction in growth was associated with lower total P and N contents of the soil which were reflected in lower shoot contents of N and P. Additional experiments, however, showed that reduced N and P availabilities in mound soil were not entirely responsible for the growth reduction. Similarly, shoot Ca/Mg ratios were reduced in mound soil but additions of Ca improved the Ca/Mg ratio without improving growth. Growth reductions were associated with altered shoot concentrations of microelements, particularly elevated levels of Mn. A competition experiment between Plantago and Bromus showed that Bromus was more competitive than Plantago in mound and inter-mound soils and that soil type had only small affects on the nature of the interaction between the two species.     

Heavy metal uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizas of Elsholtzia splendens and the potential for phytoremediation of contaminated soil

A pot culture experiment and a field experiment were carried out separately to study heavy metal (HM) uptake from soil contaminated with Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd by Elsholtzia splendens Nakai ex F. Maekawa inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and the potential for phytoremediation. The HM-contaminated soil in the pot experiment was collected from the field experiment site. Two AM fungal inocula, MI containing only one AM fungal strain, Glomus caledonium 90036, and M II consisting of Gigaspora margarita ZJ37, Gigaspora decipens ZJ38, Scutellospora gilmori ZJ39, Acaulospora spp. andGlomus spp., were applied to the soil under unsterilized conditions. In the pot experiment, the plants were harvested after 24 weeks of growth. Mycorrhizal colonization rate, plant dry weight (DW) and P, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd concentrations were determined. MI-treated plants had higher mycorrhizal colonization rates than MII-treated plants. Both MI and MII increased shoot and root DW, and MII was more effective than MI. In shoots, the highest P, Cu, Zn and Pb concentrations were all observed in the plants treated with MII, while MI decreased Zn and Pb concentrations and increased P but did not alter Cu, and Cd concentrations were not affected by either of two inocula. In roots, MII increased P, Zn, Pb concentrations but did not alter Cu and Cd, and MI did not affect P, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd concentrations. Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd uptake into shoots and roots all increased in MII-treated plants, while in MI-treated plants, Cu and Zn uptake into shoots and Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd into roots increased but Pb and Cd uptake into shoots decreased. In general, MII was more effective than MI in promoting plant growth and HM uptake. The field experiment following the pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of MII under field conditions. The 45-day-old nonmycorrhizal and MII-colonized seedlings of E. splendens were transplanted to HM-contaminated plots and harvested after 5 months. MII-inoculation increased shoot DW and shoot P, Cu, Zn, Pb concentrations significantly but did not alter shoot Cd concentrations, which led to higher uptake of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd by E. splendens shoots. These results indicate that the AM fungal consortium represented by MII can benefit phytoextraction of HMs and therefore play a role in phytoremediation of HM-contaminated soils.     

盐角草在Cd、Pb、Li污染盐土修复中的应用潜力

滩涂和内陆盐碱地是重要的后备土地资源。近年来镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)等土壤重金属和锂(Li)污染对盐碱地开发利用和生产安全造成严重威胁。利用盐生植物修复污染盐土是最经济有效的方法。本研究以盐生植物盐角草SalicorniaeuropaeaL.为材料,采用盆栽方式,通过比较分析盐角草在不同浓度Cd(0-50mmol/L)、Pb(0-50 mmol/L)和Li(0-400 mmol/L)处理下的生长和生理生化指标及离子含量的变化,研究盐角草对3种金属污染物胁迫的耐性及积累特性,以期探讨盐角草在Cd、Pb、Li污染盐土修复中的应用潜力。结果显示,随着Cd、Pb处理浓度升高,盐角草的株高、鲜重和干重均显著下降。低浓度Li(≤20 mmol/L)处理促进盐角草的生长,而高浓度Li(≥20mmol/L)处理则抑制植物生长。盐角草对Cd、Pb、Li的耐受性顺序为Li>Pb>Cd。Cd、Pb、Li胁迫可能降低了盐角草对Na和K的吸收与转运而影响植株的生长。另一方面,盐角草抗氧化酶系统对Cd、Pb、Li胁迫表现出不同的响应机理,多种抗氧化物酶协同作用,抵制Cd、Pb、Li胁迫造成的氧化毒害。盐角草根和地上部分Cd、Pb、Li含量随着处理浓度的升高而增加,其中Cd和Pb的分布特征为根>地上部分,Li的分布特征为地上部分>根。研究结果表明盐角草对Cd、Pb、Li的胁迫均具有较强的耐受性与自我调节能力,且具有富锂特性,具备修复Cd、Pb、Li污染盐土的潜力。本研究为深入研究盐角草耐受Cd、Pb、Li胁迫的机制奠定了基础,揭示了利用盐角草修复高盐碱土壤中Cd、Pb、Li污染的应用潜力。     

Effect of soil salinity and soil water availability on growth and chemical composition ofSorghum halepense L.

Summary Effects of soil salinity and soil water regime on growth and chemical composition ofSorghum halepense L. was studied with a view to evaluating its potential as a forage crop in saline soils. The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions using pot-culture with three levels of soil salinity (EC_e 0.5, 5.0, 10.0 ds/m) and three soil water regimes (60%, 40% and 20% of water holding capacity of the soil). High soil salinity and low soil water combiningly had an adverse effect on plant growth but the biomass production was appreciably high (57 to 75% of control) even under high soil salinity (EC_e 10 ds/m) when sufficient water was available. Belowground plant parts were relatively more salt-tolerant than shoots. There occurred an increase in the concentration of certain nutrients (N, Ca, Mg, TNC) in the plants in response to salinity, which along with increased root: shoot ratios was inferred as an adaptive feature of the plant for persistence under saline conditions.     

Long-term hydraulic acclimation to soil texture and radiation load in cotton

The concept of root contact hypothesizes that the absorbing roots grown in sandy soil are only partially effective in water uptake. Co-ordination of water supply and demand in the plant requires that the capacity for water uptake from the soil should correspond to an operational rate of water loss from the leaves. To examine how the plant hydraulic system responds to variations in soil texture or evaporative demand through long-term acclimation, an experiment was carried on cotton plants (Gossypium herbaceum L.), where three grades of soil texture and three grades of evaporative demand were applied for the whole life cycle of the plants. Plants were harvested 50 and 90 d (fully grown) after sowing and root length and leaf area measured. At 90 d hydraulic conductance was measured as the ratio of sap flow (measured with sap flow sensors or gravimetrically) and water potential. Results showed that for plants grown at the same evaporative demand, those in sandy soil, where root-specific hydraulic conductance was low, developed more absorbing roots than those grown in heavy-textured soil, where root specific conductance was high. This resulted in the same leaf specific hydraulic conductance (1.8 × 10⁻⁴ kg s⁻¹ Mpa⁻¹ m⁻²) for all three soils. For plants grown in the same sandy soil, those subjected to strong evaporative demand developed more absorbing roots and higher leaf-specific hydraulic conductance than those grown under mild evaporative demand. It is concluded that when soil texture or atmospheric evaporative demand varies, plants co-ordinate their capacities for liquid phase and vapour phase water transport through long-term acclimation of the hydraulic system, or plastic morphological adaptation of the root/leaf ratio.