利用~3H-哇巴因测定人红细胞钠泵数量的方法

红细胞钠泵对于维持红细胞形态及功能具有重要的意义。用~(86)Rb测定钠泵活性,受细胞内代谢物及各底物浓度的影响,用Na~ -K~ -ATP酶活性表示钠泵活性也受[Na~ ]、[K~ ]、[ATP]等的影响。因此上述方法难以作为膜上钠泵数量的确切指标。     

细菌钠离子输出系统的类型及其可能机制

在高盐条件下,绝大多数微生物通过拒盐策略适应其生存环境,其中,钠离子输出系统在维持细胞正常的盐浓度和pH稳态等生命活动过程中扮演十分重要的角色。细菌的钠离子输出系统包括初级钠泵和次级钠泵两种类型,前者所介导的钠离子输出与呼吸相偶联,后者又分为单亚基和多亚基两种类型。到目前为止,有关初级钠泵和次级钠泵转运钠离子的分子机制还停留在推测阶段。对细菌Na 输出系统的类型和Na 外排的可能机制进行综述,并对有待深入研究的问题进行探讨。     

乌本苷免疫活性物和组织中钠泵容量的关系

依赖于Na+、K+的Na+-K+-ATP酶(EC3.6.1.3,钠泵),广泛存在于哺乳类动物细胞质膜上,是催化Na+、K+跨膜主动运输的质膜酶,除维持正常的细胞内外离子浓度梯度外,对细胞能量代谢也有重要影响,许多疾病的发生是由于钠泵活性异常引起.研究证明有2种特异性的内源性钠泵抑制因子在?..     

强心甾类固醇作用于Na-K-ATP酶引起细胞内钙离子浓度改变的分子机制进展

Na-K-ATP酶(或称为钠泵)是一种广泛存在于真核细胞膜上的跨膜蛋白,近年来许多研究发现其不但有调节细胞内钠、钾离子浓度的功能,也可通过与不同蛋白相互作用发挥细胞信号传导作用。强心甾类固醇类药物(CTS)长久以来被用来治疗心脏疾病,近年来发现其与钠泵结合后可以激活细胞内一系列信号通路,其中很重要一点即是通过改变细胞内钙离子浓度从而调节细胞增殖、凋亡等。本文就CTS/钠泵通过与IP3R、Src、Na/Ca复合体相互作用影响细胞内钙离子浓度的改变作简要综述。     

Ni^2＋对心肌细胞Na^＋,K^＋活度及膜钠泵活动的影响

本实验应用离子选择性微电极方法,动态监测了Ｎｉ２＋对心肌细胞Ｎａ＋、Ｋ＋活度的影响,并以细胞内Ｎａ＋逐出速率［ｄ（ａｉＮａ）／ｄｔ］作为膜钠泵活动度的指标,观察了Ｎｉ２＋对膜钠泵活动的影响。结果显示：（１）在本实验浓度下Ｎｉ２＋对静息及活动（自律或电刺激）的细胞内Ｎａ＋、Ｋ＋活度无明显影响;（２）可使细胞外Ｋ＋活度升高;（３）便刺激停止即刻细胞内Ｎａ＋逐出速率下降;（４）减小无钠无钙液引起的细胞外Ｋ＋活度下降幅度。结果提示：Ｎｉ２＋对处于高水平活动的心肌细胞膜钠泵具有明显的抑制作用,而对处于一般活动状态的膜钠泵则未见有明显影响;在Ｎｉ２＋存在下心肌细胞膜对Ｋ＋的通透性有不同程度的提高。     

从蟾酥中纯化一种内源性钠泵抑制因子

内源性Ｎａ+ Ｋ+ ＡＴＰ酶 (钠泵 )抑制因子是新发现的一种由肾上腺或下丘脑分泌并贮存的具有生理和病理意义的一种生物活性物质 ,在高血压的发生和发展中可能是重要的因素之一 .内源性钠泵抑制因子与高血压发病关系的研究近年来报道较多 ,已成为该领域国际研究的热点 .Ｈａｍｌｙｎ和Ｈａｕｐｅｒｔ研究组从人的血液及牛的下丘脑中纯化出一种与哇巴因相似的明显抑制钠泵活性的哇巴因样物质(ｏｕａｂａｉｎ ｌｉｋｅｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄ ,ＯＬＣ) [1 2 ] .Ｓｃｈｏｎｅｒ研究组由牛肾上腺中纯化得到一种分子量为 6 0 0 (ＵＶ 2 5 0ｎｍ)的前…     

大鼠脑穹窿下器官微量注射AngⅡ对肾近球小管Na+,K+-ATPase功能的影响

目的：探讨大鼠穹窿下器官（SFO）对外周肾小管钠泵的调节作用及机制。方法：在SFO分别微量注射血管紧张素II（AngII）,其中氯沙坦（losartan）组先用AngII的1型受体（AT1）拮抗剂losartan预处理后再注射AngII 放免法检测血清中内源性洋地黄样物质（EDLS）的水平和血浆AngII水平 微分离大鼠肾脏单根近球小管,液闪法测定小管管周膜钠泵活性。结果：①SFO注射AngII后,血清中EDLS在15 min开始升高,约60 min达高峰 ②肾近球小管钠泵活性在SFO注射AngII后30 min和60 min都显著下降 ③用losartan预处理SFO后,再注射AngII,血清EDLS水平升高和小管钠泵活性下降的效应被显著削弱。结论：大鼠SFO注射AngII后,肾近球小管钠泵活性将下降,原因可能与SFO注射AngII后,激动SFO的AT1受体,直接或间接升高血清EDLS水平有关。     

大鼠钠泵α2亚单位M1～M2膜外区多肽体外活性鉴定

本文旨在研究含大鼠钠泵α2亚单位M1～M2膜外区的多肽片段(peptide contmning rat sodium pump α2 subunit M1-M21extramembrane fragment,RES2衍生物)是否具有与内源性钠泵抑制因子结合以及改善钠泵α亚单位活性的作用.采用Fmoc固相合成法合成多肽(Leu-Ala-Ala-Met-Glu-Asp-Glu-Pro-Ser-Asn-Asp-Asn-Gly-Gly-Gly-Ser),产物经高效液相色谱技术纯化,并进行质谱分析.采用放射性配体.受体结合法检测其与哇巴因的结合能力,进而采用人红细胞86Rb摄取实验检测其生物学活性.结果显示,RES2衍生物与3H-哇巴因具有一定的结合能力,其平衡解离常数(Kd)为38.46 nmol/L,IC50为6.353nmol/L.RES2衍生物可以阻断哇巴因对红细胞膜Na ,K -ATPase的抑制作用,使红细胞86Rb摄取率从38.53%上升到83.69%左右,并呈一定的剂量依赖关系.因此,RES2衍生物不仅具有体外结合活性,而且具有改善钠泵活性的生物学效应,为其成为有效的抗高血压药物提供科学依据.     

哇巴因对人血管内皮细胞死亡和钠泵α1、β1,亚单位表达的影响

目的：研究钠泵抑制剂哇巴因（ouabain）对人血管内皮细胞死亡的影响及其作用机制。方法：以脐静脉内皮细胞系ECV304为靶细胞,应用MTT实验检测哇巴因对细胞生长的作用 采用Hoechst33342/PI双荧光染色、透射电镜和DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳等分析细胞死亡特征,半定量RT-PCR法检测钠泵α1和β1亚单位mRNA的表达。结果：哇巴因以浓度和作用时间依赖的方式抑制ECV304细胞生长。10μmol/L哇巴因作用24 h,引起细胞坏死 0.1μmol/L哇巴因作用24～48 h,细胞明显脱落,细胞间连接丧失,细胞出现染色质凝集、分布于核膜内缘、DNA裂解等凋亡特征。哇巴因能明显上调ECV304细胞钠泵α1亚单位mRNA的表达,下调β1亚单位mRNA表达,且两者均呈时间依赖性。结论：哇巴因能诱导人血管内皮细胞ECV304死亡,其上调钠泵α1亚单位表达、下调β1亚单位表达,可能与亚单位介导信号传递、降低细胞黏附有关。     

Kyoto-1保存液保存的移植用肺Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞钠-钾泵的研究

目的：临床认为肺水肿已成肺移植过程中的最大障碍。近年来资料表明,过是肺泡液的吸收与Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞Na^ 的跨膜能力有关,保存中若能保持肺上Na^ -K^ -ATPase的活性,对成功的肺移植是非常必要的,本实验研究0℃、4℃Kyoto-1（NewET－K）保存液保存体肺脏,型Ⅱ肺泡上皮细胞Na^ -K^ -ATPase的活性变化,为Kyoto-1在临床上最大时限地保存供体肺提供基础理论依据。方法：取Wistar大白鼠,随机分为对照组和实验组,对照组取新鲜肺脏。实验组分别灌注0℃、4℃的Kyoto-1保存液,分别放入0℃、4℃冰箱中保存4h,24h,48h,进行光,电镜酶组织化学研究。使用图像分析系统进行定量测定。结果：4℃、24h实验组钠泵活性可以得到较好的保存（P＞0．05）。结论：钠泵可以作为检测供保存质量的重要指标。     

CD34+-derived CD11c+ + + BDCA-1+ + CD123+ + DC: expansion of a phenotypically undescribed myeloid DC1 population for use in adoptive immunotherapy

BACKGROUND: DC are commonly defined as HLA-DR+/Lin- cells that can be CD11c+ + + CD123+/ -, termed DC1/myeloid DC that induce a Th1 response, or CD11c- CD123+ + +, termed DC2/lymphoid DC that induce a Th2 response. However, significant heterogeneity within DC preparations is apparent and supports the existence of several distinct DC subpopulations. This study aimed to expand and characterize CD34+ DC for use in immunotherapy. METHODS: CD34+ cells were seeded at 1 x 10(5)/mL and expanded for 14 days in RPMI + 10% autologous plasma supplemented with GM-CSF, IL-4, Flt-3L and SCF. Maturation was induced with TNF-alpha and PGE2 for 2 days. DC were analyzed morphologically, phenotypically with a panel of MAb to lineage and DC markers, and functionally in MLR, T-cell assays and T-cell cytokine secretion by ELISA. RESULTS: Significant cellular expansion was observed: 60+/-5 x 10(6) DC from 1 x 10(6) CD34+ cells (n=28). Phenotypically DC were characterized as HLA-DR+ +, CD11c+ + +, CD80+ +, CD83+, CD86+ +, CD123+ +, CD15+ +, CD33+ +, BDCA-1+ +, CD4+ and Lin-. DC displayed potent allostimulatory capacity and efficient presentation of KLH and tetanus toxin. DC-primed T cells secreted IFN-gamma (Th1); however, no detectable IL-4 (Th2) was noted. DISCUSSION: We present features of CD34+ DC that have not been previously described. The CD34+ DC generated represent a population of myeloid DC functioning as DC1 but phenotypically expressing markers characteristic of both DC1 and DC2. This novel DC population is capable of inducing naive T-cell responses and can be expanded to clinically useful numbers. CD34+-derived DC represent attractive candidates for use in adoptive T-cell immunotherapy.     

抗VacA+CagA+幽门螺杆菌IgY的抗感染作用研究

为研究抗VacA CagA 幽门螺杆菌(Hp)IgY的抗感染作用,以VacA CagA Hp为抗原免疫蛋鸡,聚乙二醇法和水稀释法从鸡卵黄中提取抗-VacA CagA Hp-IgY,酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)测定IgY抗体效价。建立胃腔感染VacA CagAHp的昆明系小鼠模型,观察抗-VacA CagA Hp-IgY对小鼠胃腔感染VacA CagA Hp的防治效果。ELISA法测定IgY效价均为1∶20,480;抗-VacA CagA Hp-IgY防治小鼠胃腔感染VacA CagAHp效果较理想,IgY高、中剂量组效果优于阳性对照组(P<0.05);低剂量组效果等同于阳性对照组(P>0.05)。抗-VacA CagA Hp-IgY较好的体内抗感染作用,提示该IgY有望成为较理想的治疗VacA CagA Hp感染的生物制剂。     

Hydrolysis of adenylyl imidodiphosphate in the presence of Na+ + Mg+ by (Na+ + K+)-activated ATPase

(1) Contrary to what has usually been assumed, (Na⁺ + K⁺)-ATPase slowly hydrolyses AdoPP[NH]P in the presence of Na⁺ + Mg²⁺ to ADP-NH₂ and P_i. The activity is ouabain-sensitive and is not detected in the absence of either Mg²⁺ or Na²⁺. The specific activity of the Na⁺ + Mg²⁺ dependent AdoPP[NH]P hydrolysis at 37°C and pH 7.0 is 4% of that for ATP under identical conditions and only 0.07% of that for ATP in the presence of K⁺. The activity is not stimulated by K⁺, nor can K⁺ replace Na⁺ in its stimulatory action. This suggests that phosphorylation is rate-limiting. Stimulation by Na⁺ is positively cooperative with a Hill coefficient of 2.4; half-maximal stimulation occurs at 5–9 mM. The K_m value for AdoPP[NH]P is 17 μM. At 0°C and 21°C the specific activity is 2 and 14%, respectively, of that at 37°C. AMP, ADP and AdoPP[CH₂]P are not detectably hydrolysed by (Na⁺ + K⁺)-ATPase in the presence of Na⁺ + Mg²⁺. (2) In addition, AdoPP[NH]P undergoes spontaneous, non-enzymatic hydrolysis at pH 7.0 with rate constants at 0, 21 and 37°C of 0.0006, 0.006 and 0.07 h^?1, respectively. This effect is small compared to the effect of enzymatic hydrolysis under comparable conditions. Mg²⁺ present in excess of AdoPP[NH]P reduces the rate constant of the spontaneous hydrolysis to 0.005 h^?1 at 37°C, indicating that the MgAdoPP[NH]P complex is virtually stable to spontaneous hydrolysis, as is also the case for its enzymatic hydrolysis. (3) A practical consequence of these findings is that AdoPP[NH]P binding studies in the presence of Na⁺ + Mg²⁺ with enzyme concentrations in the mg/ml range are not possible at temperatures above 0°C. On the other hand, determination of affinity in the (Na⁺ + K⁺)-ATPase reaction by competition with ATP at low protein concentrations (μg/ml range) remains possible without significant hydrolysis of AdoPP[NH]P even at 37°C.     

Different cation sensitivities and binding site domains of Na+-Ca2+-K+ and Na+-Ca2+ exchangers

We examined inhibitory effects of external multivalent cations Ni(2+), Co(2+), Cd(2+), La(3+), Mg(2+), and Mn(2+) on reverse-mode exchange of the K(+)-dependent Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger NCKX2 and the K(+)-independent exchanger NCX1 expressed in CCL-39 cells by measuring the rate of Ca(2+) uptake with radioisotope tracer and electrophysiological techniques. The apparent affinities for block of Ca(2+) uptake by multivalent cations was higher in NCKX2 than NCX1, and the rank order of inhibitory potencies among these cations was different. Additional experiments also showed that external Li(+) stimulated reverse-mode exchange by NCX1, but not NCKX2 in the presence of 5 mM K(+). Thus, both exchangers exhibited differential sensitivities to not only K(+) but also many other external cations. We attempted to locate the putative binding sites within the alpha motifs for multivalent cations by site-directed mutagenesis experiments. The cation affinities of NCKX2 were altered by mutations of amino acid residues in the alpha-1 motif, but not by mutations in the alpha-2 motif. These results contrast with those for NCX1 where mutations in both alpha-1 and alpha-2 motifs have been shown previously to affect cation affinities. Susceptibility tests with sulfhydryl alkylating agents suggested that the alpha-1 and alpha-2 motifs are situated extracellularly and intracellularly, respectively, in both exchangers. A topological model is proposed in which the extracellular-facing alpha-1 motif forms an external cation binding site that includes key residues N203, G207C, and I209 in NCKX2, while both alpha-1 and alpha-2 motifs together form the binding sites in NCX1.     

The effect of Na+ and K+ on the thermal denaturation of Na+ and + K+-dependent ATPase.

To increase our understanding of the physical nature of the Na+ and K+ forms of the Na+ + K+-dependent ATPase, thermal-denaturation studies were conducted in different types of ionic media. Thermal-denaturation measurements were performed by measuring the regeneration of ATPase activity after slow pulse exposure to elevated temperatures. Two types of experiments were performed. First, the dependence of the thermal-denaturation rate on Na+ and K+ concentrations was examined. It was found that both cations stabilized the pump protein. Also, K+ was a more effective stabilizer of the native state than was Na+. Secondly, a set of thermodynamic parameters was obtained by measuring the temperature-dependence of the thermal-denaturation rate under three ionic conditions: 60 mM-K+, 150 mM-Na+ and no Na+ or K+. It was found that ion-mediated stabilization of the pump protein was accompanied by substantial increases in activation enthalpy and entropy, the net effect being a less-pronounced increase in activation free energy.     

Lyt phenotype of cytotoxic T cells: shift from Lyt-1+2+3+ to a mixed population of Lyt-1+2+3+ and Lyt-1-2+3+ during in vitro culture

The Lyt phenotype of cytotoxic T cells generated in the primary H-2 response was investigated kinetically. The cytotoxicity generated in the early stage of culture was abolished by treatment with alpha Lyt-1,2,3, and complement (C), whereas that generated in the late stage was only partially eliminated by alpha Lyt-1, but was abolished by alpha Lyt-2, 3, and C. This suggested late expansion of the Lyt-1-2+3+ population. Lack of Lyt-1 antigen was confirmed with cells that were depleted of Lyt-1+ from primary culture and then stimulated in the secondary response by elimination of cytotoxicity and by direct Lyt typing. Results indicated that the response of proliferative and cytotoxic T cells of the Lyt-1+2+3+ phenotype in the early stage of culture was followed by activation of Lyt-1-2+3+ T cells. Cytotoxic T cells in the late stage were shown to be a mixture of Lyt-1+2+3+ and Lyt-1-2+3+ cells. This was confirmed with cytotoxic T cells from secondary culture and uncloned long-term T cell lines.