云南卷叶小檗(小檗科)花与果实特征的变异式样

在云南省腾冲县通过野外居群取样,结合模式标本检查及统计分析方法,研究了小檗科卷叶小檗花和果实特征的变异式样。结果显示:(1)2013年5月,在12株卷叶小檗上取样的53朵花中,各花花被片数目为13~18个,平均为15.25±0.96个,其中,来自11株植物的34朵花都具有15个花被片,占个体总数的91.67%,占花总数的64.15%;此外,各花内部与雄蕊对生的6个花被片先端缺裂。(2)2013年12月,在12株卷叶小檗上分别取样的20个成熟果实中,单个果实内种子数目为1~4个,平均为1.79±0.48个,其中74.17%的果实都含有2粒种子;2013年5月,自6株卷叶小檗上采集的2012年宿存的150个果实中,单个果实内种子数目为1~3个,平均为2.11±0.43个,其中80.67%的果实都含有2粒种子;而已有文献皆记载卷叶小檗子房具胚珠2个。(3)在卷叶小檗个体内花和果实特征的变异系数中,花被片数目(0.05±0.03)果实长度(0.07±0.02)果实宽度(0.11±0.02)果柄长度(0.16±0.05)果实内种子数目(0.25±0.08)花被片长度(0.36±0.04)花被片宽度(0.38±0.04)。(4)对《中国植物志》小檗属中卷叶小檗花和果实等重要分类学性状特征进行了订正,同时为该种一直空缺的绘图补充了图片资料。     

小花草玉梅变态花萼片的形态学研究

运用宏观形态学和光学显微镜方法,对小花草玉梅Anemone rivularis var. flore-minore正常花和变态花的花被片进行了比较研究,以期更好地理解该分类群花被片变态过程。研究结果显示,该植物正常花中的花被片一般5(-8)枚,白色,倒卵形,全缘,可达1.3×0.5 cm,叶脉为开放的二叉分枝状,只在背面的顶端具少量毛被;其上表面未观察到气孔器,下表面具少量的气孔器。变态花中的花被片数目可达20枚;变态花被片显示出苞片或叶的形态特征:具网状脉,绿色,倒卵形或椭圆形,可达5×3 cm,两面密被毛,全缘或3裂,裂片边缘又浅裂或有锯齿,背腹面均具气孔器且数目随着变态程度的增加而增加。正常花被片与强烈变态的花被片之间在数目、形状、大小、颜色、边缘是否分裂、脉序及气孔器和毛被的数目等方面存在着连续的变态梯度。小花草玉梅变态花被片的叶状特征表明,这种表现叶性器官特征的变态可能是一种返祖现象,被子植物花萼片可能与苞片具有相同的起源。     

我国山毛榉科植物中一个新分布的属——三棱栎属

乔木。三叶轮生具成对合生的叶柄间托叶,或叶互生具离生的托叶。花序穗状,自正常和退化两者叶的腋中生出,单性,雄花序位于下方而雌花序位于上方,或仅有雄花序,簇状,或为雌雄同序下方具雄花而上方具雌花。雄花序挺直或曲折。雄花:(1—)3—7朵簇生,每簇具1基生和2侧生苞片;花被具6个复瓦状裂片,裂片下部合生;雄蕊6,与花被裂片对生,花药大(如栎属Quercus),宽卵圆形,基部心形,近背着但不为丁字着;退化雄蕊缺失。雌花:单生或3(—7)朵簇生,两种情况下承以3枚     

落叶木莲

<正>落叶木莲(Manglietia decidua Q.Y.Zhang),隶属于木兰科木莲属,为落叶乔木,长成的大树高达30 m,胸径有60 cm,树干通直,树皮灰白色,具规则的裂纹,树冠宽卵形,枝条开展,小枝灰褐色,无毛,散生苍白色皮孔。单叶互生,叶近纸质,多集生于近枝端;叶片椭圆形、长椭圆形或倒卵形,长14~20 cm,宽3.7~7 cm,先端钝短尖,基部楔形,全缘。每年4月开花,花单生枝顶,花被片     

大萼球药隔重楼,湖南重楼属(黑药花科)一新变种北大核心CSCD

报道了湖南重楼属(Paris L.)一新变种:大萼球药隔重楼(Paris fargesii Franch.var.macrosepala H.X.Yin&W.X.Rao&L.Zhao),其与原变种球药隔重楼(P.fargesii Franch.var.fargesii)区别在于外轮花被片极为宽大,长6.5~11.0 cm,宽2.5~4.0 cm,叶-萼长度比常小于2.0(平均1.91),叶-萼宽度比普遍小于3.0(平均2.86),内轮花被片较短,2.0~5.3 cm,常平展于外轮花被片之上,药隔凸出部分呈扁平状,具明显裂痕,顶面观呈蝶形或双肾形。     

浙江含笑属一新种——尾叶含笑（英文）

该文报道了采自中国浙江庆元县百山祖国家级自然保护区木兰科含笑属一新种——尾叶含笑(Michelia caudata M.X.Wu,X.H.WuG.Y.Li),该种与野含笑(M.skinneriana)和紫花含笑(M.crassipes)相近,但与野含笑的区别在于叶片倒卵形至倒卵状椭圆形,叶背面密被黄褐色茸毛,长5~7.5cm,宽2.5~3.2cm,先端尾尖,侧脉每边约6对,花被片椭圆形;与紫花含笑的区别在于花被片淡黄色,雌蕊群柄长3~4mm。根据国际自然及自然资源保护联盟(IUCN)红色名录分类标准,尾叶含笑濒危等级为极度濒危。     

甜菜树属（中国山柚子科新纪录属）一新种

小乔木;小枝无毛。单叶互生,革质或肉质,无毛。花单性,雌雄异株,排成圆锥花序,花序轴纤细,具乳头状小突起,微被毛;花序多着生在主干上,少数着生在小枝上或小枝上部的叶腋;花4(-5);雄花单1或3—5簇生于苞片腋;花丝短,贴生于花被片基部;花药较大;花盘肉质微裂,类似退化的子房;雌花平生于苞腋,有时3—5簇生,具短梗。核果椭圆形,长卵形或倒卵形,长2.3—4厘米,果皮薄,厚1.5     

西天山野果林不同居群黑果小檗土壤种子库及幼苗更新研究

通过野外调查及采集土样,对新疆西天山野果林内黑果小檗(Berberis atrocarpa Schneid.)3个自然居群(霍城、新源和特克斯)的土壤种子库及幼苗更新情况进行研究。结果显示,3个居群内黑果小檗土壤种子质量无显著差异,霍城、新源和特克斯居群黑果小檗土壤种子库中完整种子分别占种子总数的51.6%、49.4%和54.1%。霍城、新源和特克斯居群黑果小檗完整种子均聚集在枯枝落叶层,分别为98.4%、97.4%和100%,3个居群5~10 cm土层均未发现黑果小檗种子。土壤种子水平扩散距离随着坡度的增加逐渐增大。霍城、新源和特克斯居群黑果小檗幼苗均为根蘖苗,根蘖繁殖可使幼苗扩散到母株周围100 cm范围或更远处。Ⅱ级苗(20~40 cm)数量最多,占幼苗总数的50%;3个居群黑果小檗的Ⅰ级苗(0~20 cm)向Ⅱ级苗的转化率均为100%;霍城和新源居群Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级(40~60 cm)苗间的转化率较低,分别为29%和32%,特克斯居群Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级苗间的转化率较高,为78%。研究结果表明西天山野果林黑果小檗种子易滞留于地表,难以进入土壤深层且土壤中种子霉变率高,这可能是黑果小檗自然更新困难的原因。     

束花石斛

<正>束花石斛(Dendrobium chrysanthum Lindl.)为兰科石斛属植物,茎粗厚,肉质,弯曲下垂,圆柱形,直径5~15 mm,不分枝,具多节。叶二列互生于整个茎上,纸质,长圆状披针形,长13~19 cm,宽1.5~4.5 cm,基部具鞘。伞状花序近无花序柄,每2~6花为一束,侧生于具叶的茎上部;花9—10月开放,黄色;中萼片长圆形或椭圆形,长15~20 mm,宽9~11 mm,侧     

云南蜘蛛抱蛋属(天门冬科)一新种——辐射蜘蛛抱蛋

报道了产自云南天门冬科蜘蛛抱蛋属(Aspidistra Ker Gawler)一新种——辐射蜘蛛抱蛋(A.radiata G.W.HuQ.F.Wang)。该种与春秀蜘蛛抱蛋(A.chunxiuensis C.R.LinY.Liu)相近,但该种因叶鞘3~4枚;总花梗较短,长5~9.5 cm,苞片5~7枚;花被裂片较多,常16(偶14或18)深裂,花被筒扁钵形,花被裂片较长,为65~76 mm,基部较宽,为13~16 mm;雄蕊16(偶14或18)枚;柱头上表面中央隆起区从中央向边缘具8(偶7或9)条呈辐射状排列的紫黑色、花瓣状隆起,每个花瓣状隆起的中央具沟槽等特征而与后者不同。辐射蜘蛛抱蛋亦与巨花蜘蛛抱蛋(A.grandiflora Tillich)近缘,但巨花蜘蛛抱蛋的叶片为狭倒卵形,(50×11)cm,基部狭楔形;花被裂片较短,为50~60 mm;柱头上表面中央具5条紫色辐射状的肋而有别于辐射蜘蛛抱蛋。     

云南苦苣苔科一新记录属——单座苣苔属

报道了云南苦苣苔科一新记录属——单座苣苔属(Metabriggsia W.T.Wang)。该属为中国特有属,仅单座苣苔(Metabriggsia ovalifolia W.T.Wang)和紫叶单座苣苔(Metabriggsia purpureotincta W.T.Wang)2种,分布于广西西部、北部及贵州南部,在云南的发现对研究其地理与区系有重要的意义。     

葡萄属一新名和一新种

描述了自甘肃南部发现的葡萄属一新种,文县蘡薁(Vitis wenxianensis W. T. Wang)。此新种与特产浙江的三出蘡薁[V. bryoniifolia Bunge var. ternata(W. T. Wang)C. L. Li]有很近的亲缘关系,二者可能是由蘡薁(V. bryoniifolia Bunge)衍生而出的一对姊妹群。基于上述认识,将三出蘡薁由变种提升至种的等级,但由于存在一个于1871年发表的种名(V. ternata Baker),因此,必须为三出蘡薁拟定一新名。     

Central cardiovascular and thermal effects of prostacyclin in rats

Prostacyclin (PGI₂) induced a dose-dependent decrease in blood pressure with slight increases in heart rate and body temperature, when administered at the doses of 0.1–100 μg into the lateral cerebral ventricle (i.c.v.) of the urethane-anaesthetised rat. When the same doses were administered intravenously, both the blood pressure and heart rate decreased. Central pretreatment with sodium meclofenamate (1 mg/rat i.c.v.) antagonised the central hypotensive effect of PGI₂ but i.c.v. pretreatment of the rats with indomethacin (1 mg/rat) failed to affect the PGO₂-induced hypotension. Central pretreatment with two histamine H₂-receptor antagonists, cimetidine (500 μg/rat i.c.v.) or metiamide (488 μg/rat i.c.v.), antagonised the blood pressure lowering effect of 0.1 μg dose of PGI₂ but failed to affect the hypotension induced by higher PGI₂ doses. Therefore the main central hypotensive effect of PGI₂ seems not to be associated with the stimulation of histamine H₂ -receptors in the brain.The hypotensive effect of i.c.v. administered PGI₂ appears to be due to an action upon the central nervous system rather than to a leakage into the peripheral circulation. This assumption is supported by the fact that sodium meclofenamate i.c.v. antagonished the effect of PGI₂. In addition, the chronotropic response to i.c.v. PGI₂ was opposite to that induced by intravenous administration. The results also suggest that there may be differences in the mode of action between sodium meclofenamate and indomethacin.     

广西苦苣苔科稀有珍贵植物——弥勒苣苔

首次报道广西苦苣苔科植物一新记录属:弥勒苣苔属.该属接近金盏苣苔属,但不同在于弥勒苣苔属花冠上唇4浅裂,下唇不分裂,2对雄蕊分别着生于花冠中部及其上方,雌蕊具一个柱头.弥勒苣苔属为中国特有的单型属,仅弥勒苣苔一种,分布于云南东南部和广西西部.该种在广西首次记录,凭证标本存放于广西植物标本馆(IBK).     

A new prostaglandin E1 analogue (CL115, 574): I. Antisecretory and cytoprotectige effects in the rat

The effect of a new analogue of PGE₁ (CL115, 574) on gastric acid secretion, mucus secretion and protection against stress and indomethacin- induced ulcers were studied in the rat. CL115, 574 was more potent than PGE₁ and cimetidine in inhibiting acid secretion. CL115, 574 protected against the development of stress and indomethacin-induced ulcers prevented the indomethacin-induced decrease in hematocrit at an ED₅₀ (3 μg/kg) far below the antisecretory ED₅₀ (1 mg/kg). While the inhibiting acid secretion, CL115, 574 increased the volume of gastric secretion indicating a stimulation of nonparallel cell secretion by the rat stomach. In addition the compound stimulated the secretion of mucus into the gastric juice. On the basis of its potency as an inhibitor of acid secretion and these additional effects which are indicative of cytoprotective activity, CL115, 574 should be further studied as a possible anti-ulcer agent in man.     

Triterpenoids from the Roots of Craibiodendron henryi W. W. Smith

A new triterpenoid, 11a.O.trans-p-coumaroyltaraxerol （1）, along with 11 known triterpenoids, taraxerone （2）, taraxerol （3）, 2α,3β,23,24-tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid （4）, oleanolic acid （5）, β-amyrin （6）, 3β,23-dihydroxylursan-12-en- 28-oic acid （7）, 2α,3β-dihydroxyursan-12-en-28-oic acid （8）, 2α,3β,23-trihydroxyursan-12-en-28-oic acid （9）, 2α,3β,24- trihydroxyursan-12-en-28-oic acid （10）, u rsolic acid （11）, and 3-O-acetylursolic acid （12）, was isolated from Craibiodendron henryi W. W. Smith （Ericaceae）. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral evidence. Antioxidant activity and vasodilator effect of compound 1 were assessed.     

Regeneration of N.W. African Pinus halepensis forests following fire

Pinus halepensis forests of N.W. Algeria are subjected to frequent fires. During the fire the aboveground parts of plants are completely burned but only a few species are killed. Most perennial herb and shrub species survive owing to their underground organs and regenerate vegetatively in the next moist period. The semi-shrubs regenerate both vegetatively and from seeds. The most intensive growth of the shrub layer occurs during the first 2 years and in the 5th year, it reaches a height of 1–1.5 m. Pinus halepensis is completely killed by the fire and it regenerates from seeds only. The regeneration is retarded during the first 2–3 years, apparently by competition of the rapidly developing shrubs and semi-shrubs with P. halepensis. In the following years, there is a more rapid increase in both density and height, although by the 5th year after fire, the height does not exceed 0.5 m. The young trees overtop the shrub layer between 10 and 15 years after fire. The increase in density and cover supress the lower layers, in particular the herb layer. The reduction in density of trees in the following decades enables the herb layer to reconstitute its composition and cover.This process of regeneration resembles forest growth cycles rather than a secondary succession. The shrub and herb layers maintain their identity as they are mostly formed of the same individuals as before the fire; they merely regenerated their aboveground organs. Only the tree layer regenerates anew after the fire.     

中国贵州忍冬属一新变种

报道了贵州省忍冬属1个新变种——心叶皱叶忍冬(Lonicera reticulata Champ.var.cordifolia W.B.Xu),该变种与原变种皱叶忍冬(Lonicera reticulata Champ.var.reticulata)的主要区别在于苞片长1~1.5cm,远长于萼筒,叶片卵形至心形,宽可达10cm,基部明显心形。作者指定了模式标本,并对新变种生境中的伴生物种进行了描述。     

基于SSR分子标记的延胡索遗传多样性研究

采用SSR分子标记分析延胡索的遗传多样性,筛选出多态性高、稳定性好的12对引物,对19个居群360份延胡索样品进行了群体遗传分析。结果表明:(1)12对SSR引物共扩增出多态性位点227个,检测到4~9个等位基因,平均等位基因数目为5.25个,表现出丰富的多态性;延胡索居群具有较高的遗传多样性(Na=5.25,I=1.192 6,H=0.387 9),物种间遗传分化程度高(Fst=0.388 3),基因流较弱(Nm=0.393 8)。(2)UPGMA聚类分析和贝叶斯距离分析结果表明,19个居群明显聚为4大支;Mantle Test结果(r=0.326,P=0.01)表明,地理位置相近的种群亲缘关系更近。研究认为,延胡索的遗传结构是该物种自交为主的繁育系统、克隆生长、地理隔离以及居群间有限的基因流共同作用的结果,故对该物种的保护应以就地保护为主。