广西省植食性蓟马种类及花蓟马属一中国新记录种记述

对广西省所有地市的30多个县植食性蓟马种类及其分布进行了调查。调查结果表明:花蓟马Frankliniella intonsa Trybom、华简管蓟马Haplothrips chinensis Priesner、棕榈蓟马Thrips palmi Karny、黄胸蓟马Thrips hawaiiensis Morgan的分布最广且数量也最丰富,是广西省最为常见的蓟马种类。调查中发现花蓟马属Frankliniella Karny的1个国内新纪录种:梳缺花蓟马Frankliniella schultzei Trybom。编制了广西省常见植食性蓟马成虫种类检索表,为从事广西省蓟马种类研究者提供参考。     

茭笋花蓟马Frankliniella zizaniophila新种记述(缨翅目:蓟马科)

花蓟马属(Frankliniella Karny)是缨翅目中一个较大的属,世界已知近140种,大多分布于美洲,中国记录仅5种。文中记述一新种,量度单位为微米。茭笋花蓟马 Frankliniella zizaniophila,新种(图1—4)     

中国花蓟马属一新种记述(缨翅目:蓟马科)

记述花蓟马属1新种--海南花蓟马 Frankliniella hainanensis Zheng et Feng,sp.nov..模式标本保存在西北农林科技大学昆虫博物馆.     

吡虫啉对西花蓟马和花蓟马种间竞争及后代发育的影响

本研究采用浸渍饲喂法测得吡虫啉对西花蓟马(Frankliniella occidentalis)和花蓟马(Frankliniella intonsa)的LC50浓度,并选取花蓟马2龄若虫的LC50浓度11.00 mg·L-1作为本试验用浓度,在此浓度胁迫下将2种蓟马以1∶1的种群数量比例用菜豆在同一养虫笼中饲养,进行室内种间竞争试验,测定2种蓟马的生长发育和繁殖力等参数。结果表明:在吡虫啉胁迫下,从25~150 d内西花蓟马与花蓟马种群数量比值不断升高,2种蓟马种内雌性种群数量所占比例均高于雄性种群,且西花蓟马种群中雌性种群所占比例(斜率为6.22)高于花蓟马种群中雌性种群所占比例(斜率为2.68)(P0.05);两种蓟马的未成熟虫期各虫态的发育历期在吡虫啉胁迫下均显著缩短,且西花蓟马的发育历期缩短更为明显(P0.05);在吡虫啉胁迫下西花蓟马种群的存活率、雌雄成虫寿命稍高于花蓟马种群但差异不显著(P0.05),西花蓟马的净生殖率(R0)、内禀增长率(rm)、周限增长率(λ)的值均要高于花蓟马的值;2种蓟马种群内雌雄成虫寿命、平均世代周期(T)和种群加倍时间(DT)与对照相比均显著缩短(P0.05);吡虫啉处理下西花蓟马的平均产卵量、R0、rm、λ值均显著高于对照(P0.05),而花蓟马的平均产卵量、R0、T和DT却显著低于对照。研究表明,在吡虫啉浓度11.00 mg·L-1胁迫下,西花蓟马种群的竞争能力和对吡虫啉胁迫的适应性强于花蓟马种群,蓟马种群内雌性种群的竞争力强于雄性种群,吡虫啉胁迫是加速西花蓟马对花蓟马种群种间取代的重要因子。     

西花蓟马和花蓟马在温度逆境下的存活率比较

以外来入侵害虫西花蓟马(Frankliniella occidentalis)和本地种花蓟马(F.intonsa)为对象,研究了高温和低温逆境下两种蓟马各虫态存活率的差异.结果表明:在36℃～44℃高温下暴露2h和4h,不论是西花蓟马还是花蓟马,各虫态的存活率均随温度的升高而降低,但在相同高温处理条件下,同一虫态西花蓟马的存活率要高于花蓟马;在-2℃～-10℃低温下暴露2h和4h,西花蓟马和花蓟马各虫态的存活率均随随温度的降低而下降;在相同低温处理条件下,同一虫态西花蓟马的存活率也要高于花蓟马.由此表明,2种蓟马对高温和低温的适应能力不同,本地种花蓟马对高温和低温均比较敏感,而外来入侵害虫西花蓟马对极端温度具有较强的适应性.     

西花蓟马与烟蓟马药剂敏感性的比较

采用浸叶法比较了外来入侵物种西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)与本地物种烟蓟马Thrips tabaci Lindeman对辛硫磷、毒死蜱、高效氯氰菊酯、多杀霉素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和阿维菌素6种杀虫剂的敏感性。结果显示:西花蓟马对辛硫磷、毒死蜱和多杀霉素的敏感性均比烟蓟马明显要高,而高效氯氰菊酯和阿维菌素对烟蓟马则具有较高的毒力。多杀霉素对西花蓟马和烟蓟马的防治效果最好,在药剂浓度为0.5mg/L时,2种蓟马的校正死亡率均超过90%。     

五种药剂对芒果及豆角田蓟马的防效试验

为筛鉴高效低毒的蓟马防治药剂,将20％烯啶虫胺AS等五种杀虫剂对芒果和豆角田蓟马进行了田间药效试验,通过虫口减退率和校正防效两个指标对试验进行结果分析.结果表明,20％烯啶虫胺AS对茶黄蓟马Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood和花蓟马Frankliniella intonsa Trvbom两种蓟马的防效均较为突出,其中以1 mL/L的20％烯啶虫胺AS效果最好,药后第5 d对茶黄蓟马和花蓟马的防控效果还分别维持在84.18％、77.36％,持效期较长,其次0.5％印楝素EC+N-go对两种蓟马也有较好的防效5％啶虫脒EC+N-go对茶黄蓟马的防效优于花蓟马,而20％啶虫脒*20％丁硫克百威WDG对花蓟马的防效优于茶黄蓟马各药剂对两种作物较安全.     

蔬菜花期蓟马的种群动态与空间分布研究

西花蓟马是近年来在我国局部地区暴发成灾的重要外来入侵害虫,有关西花蓟马入侵对本地蓟马种群动态、空间分布及优势种影响的报道较少。对云南省昆明市近郊蔬菜花期的蓟马种群动态和空间分布研究表明,蔬菜上的蓟马种类主要是西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)、花蓟马F.intonsa(Trybom)、棕榈蓟马T.palmi(Karny)和端大蓟马Megalurothrips distalis(Karny);不同蔬菜上的蓟马优势种存在一定差异,其中辣椒和茼蒿上的蓟马优势种为西花蓟马;韭菜、茄子和四季豆上的蓟马优势种分别为花蓟马、棕榈蓟马和端大蓟马。各蔬菜上的蓟马种群数量以花期为多,盛花期达最大值,其中茄子花上的蓟马成虫平均虫口密度最高,为14.93头/朵。利用聚集度指标进行空间分布检测表明,不同蔬菜上蓟马成虫的空间分布型均为聚集分布,且聚集程度随密度的增加而增大。本研究可为深入探讨西花蓟马对本地蓟马的竞争取代机制积累资料,同时为西花蓟马的综合治理奠定理论基础。     

花蓟马雄虫释放的聚集信息素的分离和鉴定

明确花蓟马Frankliniella intonsa雄虫释放的聚集信息素对于花蓟马生物防治具有重要意义。但目前除了西花蓟马F. occidentalis, 关于其他蓟马雄虫释放的聚集信息素及其成分鉴定的研究未有报道。本研究采用Y型嗅觉仪测定花蓟马雌雄成虫和西花蓟马雌雄成虫对花蓟马雄虫和西花蓟马雄虫气味源的嗅觉反应; 用固相微萃取（solid-phase microextraction,SPME）方法提取花蓟马雄虫挥发物, 利用含有BGB-176 SE或CP-chirasil-Dex CB 2种不同手性柱的气-质联用仪（gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS）对挥发物进行分离和鉴定。行为学试验结果表明： 花蓟马雄虫气味源对其雄性及雌性成虫均具有明显的吸引作用。经GC-MS分析, 花蓟马雄虫挥发物中含有2种主要的化合物, 分别为(R)-lavandulyl acetate和neryl (S)-2-methylbutanoate, 其与已报道的西花蓟马雄虫释放的聚集信息素成分相同。但定量分析结果表明, (R)-lavandulyl acetate与neryl (S)-2-methylbutanoate在花蓟马和西花蓟马雄虫中释放的比例不同; 行为学试验进一步证明, 2种组分比例的不同在花蓟马和西花蓟马种间识别过程中发挥重要作用。本研究推测花蓟马属的昆虫释放的聚集信息素组分可能是相同的。     

Isolation and identification of the aggregation pheromone released by male adults of Frankliniella intonsa (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

明确花蓟马Frankliniella intonsa雄虫释放的聚集信息素对于花蓟马生物防治具有重要意义.但目前除了西花蓟马F.occidentalis,关于其他蓟马雄虫释放的聚集信息素及其成分鉴定的研究未有报道.本研究采用Y型嗅觉仪测定花蓟马雌雄成虫和西花蓟马雌雄成虫对花蓟马雄虫和西花蓟马雄虫气味源的嗅觉反应;用固相微萃取( solid-phase microextraction,SPME)方法提取花蓟马雄虫挥发物,利用含有BGB-176 SE或CP-chirasil-Dex CB 2种不同手性柱的气-质联用仪(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)对挥发物进行分离和鉴定.行为学试验结果表明:花蓟马雄虫气味源对其雄性及雌性成虫均具有明显的吸引作用.经GC-MS分析,花蓟马雄虫挥发物中含有2种主要的化合物,分别为(R)-lavandulyl acetate和neryl (S) -2-methylbutanoate,其与已报道的西花蓟马雄虫释放的聚集信息素成分相同.但定量分析结果表明,(R)-lavandulyl acetate与neryl (S) -2-methylbutanoate在花蓟马和西花蓟马雄虫中释放的比例不同;行为学试验进一步证明,2种组分比例的不同在花蓟马和西花蓟马种间识别过程中发挥重要作用.本研究推测花蓟马属的昆虫释放的聚集信息素组分可能是相同的.     

Physicochemical and biological properties of 6(1),6(3),6(5)-tri-O-alpha-maltosyl-cyclomaltoheptaose (6(1),6(3),6(5)-tri-O-alpha-maltosyl-beta-cyclodextrin)

A unique multibranched cyclomaltooligosaccharide (cyclodextrin, CD) of 6(1),6(3),6(5)-tri-O-alpha-maltosyl-cyclomaltoheptaose [6(1),6(3),6(5)-tri-O-alpha-maltosyl-beta-cyclodextrin, (G(2))(3)-betaCD] was prepared. The physicochemical and biological properties of (G(2))(3)-betaCD were determined together with those of monobranched CDs (6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-cyclodextrin (G(1)-alphaCD), 6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-cyclodextrin (G(1)-betaCD), and 6-O-alpha-maltosyl-beta-cyclodextrin (G(2)-betaCD)). NMR spectra of (G(2))(3)-betaCD were measured using various 2D NMR techniques. The solubility of (G(2))(3)-betaCD in water and MeOH-water solutions was extremely high in comparison with nonbranched betaCD and was about the same as that of the other monobranched betaCDs. The formation of an inclusion complex of (G(2))(3)-betaCD with stereoisomers (estradiol, retinoic acid, quinine, citral, and glycyrrhetinic acid) depends on the cis-trans isomers of guest compounds. The cis isomers of estradiol, retinoic acid, and glycyrrhetinic acid were included more than their trans isomers, while the trans isomers of citral and quinine fit more tightly than their cis isomers. (G(2))(3)-betaCD was the most effective host compound in the cis-trans resolution of glycyrrhetinic acid. Among the branched betaCDs, (G(2))(3)-betaCD exhibited the weakest hemolytic activity in human erythrocytes and showed negligible cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells up to 200 microM. These results indicate unique characteristics of (G(2))(3)-betaCD in some biological responses of cultured cells.     

Spectral and thermodynamic properties of Ag(I), Au(III), Cd(II), Co(II), Fe(III), Hg(II), Mn(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), U(IV), and Zn(II) binding by methanobactin from Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b

Methanobactin (mb) is a novel chromopeptide that appears to function as the extracellular component of a copper acquisition system in methanotrophic bacteria. To examine this potential physiological role, and to distinguish it from iron binding siderophores, the spectral (UV–visible absorption, circular dichroism, fluorescence, and X-ray photoelectron) and thermodynamic properties of metal binding by mb were examined. In the absence of Cu(II) or Cu(I), mb will bind Ag(I), Au(III), Co(II), Cd(II), Fe(III), Hg(II), Mn(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), U(VI), or Zn(II), but not Ba(II), Ca(II), La(II), Mg(II), and Sr(II). The results suggest metals such as Ag(I), Au(III), Hg(II), Pb(II) and possibly U(VI) are bound by a mechanism similar to Cu, whereas the coordination of Co(II), Cd(II), Fe(III), Mn(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) by mb differs from Cu(II). Consistent with its role as a copper-binding compound or chalkophore, the binding constants of all the metals examined were less than those observed with Cu(II) and copper displaced other metals except Ag(I) and Au(III) bound to mb. However, the binding of different metals by mb suggests that methanotrophic activity also may play a role in either the solubilization or immobilization of many metals in situ.     

Circular dichroism spectra of DNA quadruplexes [d(G(5)T(5))](4) as formed with G(4) and T(4) tetrads and [d(G(5)T(5)). d(A(5)C(5))]2 as formed with Watson-Crick-like (G-C)(2) and (T-A)(2) tetrads

We utilize electrophoresis and find that a thermally treated equimolar mixture of the oligonucleotide d(G(5)T(5)) and its complementary oligonucleotide d(A(5)C(5)) exhibits either two bands or a single band in one lane, depending on the conditions of the incubation solutions. The thermally treated d(G(5)T(5)) solution loaded in a different lane exhibits a single band of the parallel quadruplex [d(G(5)T(5))](4), which is composed of homocyclic hydrogen-bonded G(4) and T(4) tetrads previously proposed. For the thermally treated equimolar mixture of d(G(5)T(5)) and d(A(5)C(5)), the fast band is assigned to a Watson-Crick d(G(5)T(5)). d(A(5)C(5)) duplex, so that the slow band with the same low mobility as that of [d(G(5)T(5))](4) may be assigned to either [d(G(5)T(5))](4) itself or a [d(G(5)T(5)). d(A(5)C(5))](2) quadruplex. If the latter compound is true, this may be the antiparallel quadruplex composed of the heterocyclic hydrogen-bonded G-C-G-C and T-A-T-A tetrads proposed previously. After removing these three bands for the duplex and two kinds of hypothetical quadruplexes, we electrophoretically elute the corresponding compounds in the same electrophoresis buffer using an electroeluter. The eluted compounds are ascertained to be stable by electrophoresis. The circular dichroism (CD) and UV absorption spectra measured for the three isolated compounds are found to be clearly different. For the electrophoretic elution of the hypothetical [d(G(5)T(5))](4) quadruplex, the result of the molecularity of n = 4 obtained from the CD melting curve analysis provides further support for the formation of the parallel [d(G(5)T(5))](4) quadruplex already proposed. For the thermally treated equimolar mixture of d(G(5)T(5)) and d(C(5)A(5)), the fast band with a molecularity of n = 2 corresponds to the Watson-Crick duplex, d(G(5)T(5)). d(A(5)C(5)). The slow band with a molecularity of n = 4 indicates the antiparallel quadruplex [d(G(5)T(5)). d(A(5)C(5))](2), whose observed CD and UV spectra are different from those of [d(G(5)T(5))](4). By electrophoresis, after reannealing the eluted compound [d(G(5)T(5)). d(A(5)C(5))](2), a distinct photograph showing the band splitting of this quadruplex band into the lower duplex and upper quadruplex bands is not possible; but by a transilluminator, we occasionally observe this band splitting with the naked eye. The linear response polarizability tensor calculations for the thus determined structures of the [d(G(5)T(5))](4) quadruplex, the McGavin-like [d(G(5)T(5)). d(A(5)C(5))](2) quadruplex, and the Watson-Crick d(G(5)T(5)). d(A(5)C(5)) duplex are found to qualitatively predict the observed CD and UV spectra.     

Synthesis and luminescence properties of a blue-emitting Sr(3.5) Y(6.5) O(2) (PO(4) )(1.5) (SiO(4) )(4.5) :Eu(2+) phosphor

A novel blue‐emitting Sr_3.5Y_6.5O₂(PO₄)_1.5(SiO₄)_4.5:Eu²⁺ phosphor was synthesized via a solid‐state reaction. Powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated that the Sr_3.5Y_6.5O₂(PO₄)_1.5(SiO₄)_4.5 host had a hexagonal crystal structure in the space group P6₃/m and unit cell parameters a = 9.418 Å, c = 6.900 Å. The as‐prepared phosphor showed a blue emission and all the main emission peaks were located at around 466 nm for different excitation wavelengths of 297, 333 and 391 nm. The temperature dependence of the photoluminescence property was investigated in the range 20–250 °C, and the emission intensity decreased to 71% of the initial value at room temperature on increasing the temperature to 150 °C. According to the classical theory of fluorescent thermal quenching, the activation energy (ΔE) for the thermal quenching luminescence of the as‐prepared Sr_3.45Y_6.5O₂(PO₄)_1.5(SiO₄)_4.5:0.05Eu²⁺ phosphor was determined to be 0.20 eV. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The frequencies of Gm(1), Gm(2), Gm(4), Gm(12), and Inv(1) in Hessen (Germany)

Summary The serum groups Gm(1) [Gm(a)], Gm(2) [Gm(x)], Gm(4) [Gm(f)]. Gm(12) [Gm(b)] and Inv(1) [Inv(1)] of 2000 sera of healthy blood donors from the land Hesse were examined. The results obtained were compared with those known until now. Three persons, not related to each other, possessed the extremely rare phenotype Gm(-1, 2, 4, 12) [Gm (a-x+b+f+)]. In 0.75% of the cases we found a discordant behaviour of the factors Gm(4) and Gm(12) [Gm(f) and Gm(b)].

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Zusammenfassung 2000 Seren von gesunden Blutspendern aus Hessen wurden bezüglich der Gamma-Globulin-Serumgruppen Gm(1) [Gm(a)], Gm(2) [Gm(x)], Gm(4) [Gm(f)]. Gm(12) [Gm(b)] und Inv(1) [Inv(1)] untersucht. Die gefundenen Resultate wurden mit den bisher bekannten verglichen. Drei miteinander nicht verwandte Personen wiesen den äußerst seltenen Phänotyp Gm(-1, 2, 4, 12) [Gm(a-x+b+f+)] auf. In 0.75% der Fälle fanden wir ein diskordantes Verhalten der Faktoren Gm(4) und Gm(12) [Gm(f) und Gm(b)].

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Director: Prof. Dr. W. Wachsmuth

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Director: Prof. Dr. W. Spielmann

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The nomenclature suggested by WHO at a round-table conference over genes, genotypes and allotypes of immunglobulins is used. The conference took place in Geneva on the 1965 31. 5. to the 5. 6. [5].

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With technical assistance of S. Mohs.     

New complexes of La(III), Ce(III), Pr(III), Nd(III), Sm(III), Eu(III) and Gd(III) ions with morin

New solid complex compounds of La(III), Ce(III), Pr(III), Nd(III), Sm(III), Eu(III) and Gd(III) ions with morin were synthesized. The molecular formula of the complexes is Ln(C₁₅H₉O₇)₃ · nH₂O, where Ln is the cation of lanthanide and n = 6 for La(III), Sm(III), Gd(III) or n = 8 for Ce(III), Pr(III), Nd(III) and Eu(III). Thermogravimetric studies and the values of dehydration enthalpy indicate that water occurring in the compounds is not present in the inner coordination sphere of the complex. The structure of the complexes was determined on the basis of UV-visible, IR, MS, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR analyses. It was found that in binding the lanthanide ions the following groups of morin take part: 3OH and 4CO in the case of complexes of La, Pr, Nd, Sm and Eu, or 5OH and 4CO in the case of complexes of Ce and Gd. The complexes are five- and six-membered chelate compounds.