毕赤酵母中抗癌镇痛肽肺靶向融合体表达载体——穿梭质粒pPIC9K-RGD-4C-His Tag-AGAP的构建

采用PCR的方法对AGAP(anti-cancer analgesic peptide,抗癌镇痛肽)的N端进行了基因改造,保留了Kex2初步切割信号序列,去除了Ste13的切割序列,加入了对蝎毒蛋白抗癌镇痛活性无影响的氨基酸作为linker。通过构建辅助质粒pPIC6K,避免了kan基因内部的Xho I酶切位点对基因克隆的影响,构建了中介质粒pPIC6K-RGD-4C-His Tag-AGAP,该质粒经BamH I和EcoR I双酶切取得所需DNA片段,与同样经过双酶切的质粒pPIC9K进行连接,最终成功构建了酵母表达质粒pPIC9K-RGD-4C-His Tag-AGAP,测序结果表明,抗癌镇痛肽肺靶向融合体基因已成功插入到酵母表达载体pPIC9K中。     

小红参的抗癌环己肽配糖体

从小红参中分离得到１个具有抗癌活性的环己肽配糖体新成分ＲＹ－Ｉ,经化学及光谱学方法确定了其结构,证明此化合物由２个Ｌ－丙氨酸,１个Ｄ－丙氨酸,３个Ｎ－甲基－Ｌ－酪氨酸６个氨基酸经肽键缩合与１个葡萄糖构成的环己肽配糖体,６个氨基酸缩合形成十八员环,其中两个酪氨酸之间的苯环经氧桥连接又形成１个具有较大张力的十四员环。活性测试表明ＲＹ－Ｉ具有抗癌活性。此外还分离得到ＲＹ－Ｉ的甙元ＲＡ－Ｖ,也是１个抗癌活     

抑制伏核内脑啡肽的降解使电针镇痛和吗啡镇痛得到加强

将“脑啡肽酶”抑制剂 Thiorphan 或氨肽酶抑制剂 Bestatin 经慢性埋植套管注入家兔一侧状核内,观察到明显的镇痛作用,在1—4μg 范围内呈现明确的剂量-效应关系。该作用可为伏核内注射纳洛酮或甲啡肽抗体所完全翻转,亮啡肽抗体则无效。表明伏核内注射 Thior-Phan 或 Bestatn 所产生的镇痛效应主要是通过甲啡肽而完成的。伏核内注射微量 Thiorphan 或 Bestatin 使电针镇痛的后效应明显加强,并能增强吗啡的镇痛作用。表明电针和吗啡的镇痛效果至少有一部分是通过在伏核内释放出脑啡肽(特别是甲啡肽)而实现的。     

复方科博肽镇痛作用的实验研究

目的研究复方科博肽的镇痛作用。方法用小白鼠醋酸扭体和热水浴甩尾模型及大白鼠热水浴甩尾模型对复方科博肽的镇痛作用进行评价。结果复方科博肽在给药后1h对三种动物模型均有很好的镇痛作用,强度高于科博肽、盐酸曲马多及酮络芬,作用较曲马多持久;连续用药15天,复方科博肽的镇痛作用没有下降,给予纳络酮,复方组小鼠无异常反应。结论复方科博肽镇痛作用强,起效快,作用持久,连续使用不会产生耐受和依赖;其各组分间具有协同作用。     

反相高效液相层析在糖化白蛋白肽段分离纯化中的应用

采用一种简单的“甲醇-水-三氟醋酸”作为洗脱体系的反相高效液相层析（简称RP-HPLC）对通过固相合成方法合成的糖化白蛋白肽段进行了分析鉴定和分离纯化.使用酸敏性PEG载体,Fmoc保护化学法合成了白蛋白八肽NH₂-Lys-Gln-Thr-Ala-Leu-Tyr-Tyr-Cys-COOH.对其N端Lys进行糖化反应后,经Sephadex G-10柱色谱纯化后,通过RP-HPLC分析,证明得到了糖化八肽的单一峰.使用Merrifield树脂,Boc保护化学法合成了白蛋白七肽NH₂-Gln-Thr-Ala-Leu-Tyr-Tyr-Cys-COOH.通过RP-HPLC半制备分离提纯后,得到了所需的肽段.对N^α-Boc-Lys的ε氨基进行糖化反应后,经RP-HPLC分析,证明得到了比较纯的糖化赖氨酸,与纯化后的白蛋白七肽偶联后,通过RP-HPLC分析,得到了偶联产物——糖化八肽的单一峰.     

人脑中分离得到的一个新的阿片样四肽

我们从人脑中分离得到一个肽,它的结构式为Asn—Al—Gly—Ala。用合成的肽证明,它和阿片受体有较强的亲和力,有明显的镇痛作用,并和针刺镇痛有关,可能是一个新的神经调制物。     

人脑中分离得到的一个新的阿片样四肽

我们从人脑中分离得到一个肽,它的结构式为Asn—Ala—Gly—Ala。用合成的肽证明,它和阿片受体有较强的亲和力,有明显的镇痛作用,并和针刺镇痛有关,可能是一个新的神经调制物。     

猪脑抗吗啡镇痛肽的分离纯化及其抗血清对吗啡耐受影响的初步研究

猪脑组织提取液经SephadexG-50分子筛层析,S-SepharoseFastFlow阳离子交换柱层析及两次HPLC分离得到一分子量为12000,等电点pI7．1的多肽,并测定了其氨基酸组成和N末端部分序列：N-phe-Lys-Gly-Phe-Pro-Asp-Asp／（Lys）-Lys／（Asp）-Asp-Tyr．给昆明小鼠脑室注射或尾静脉注射该肽均能抑制吗啡引起的镇痛作用,其作用随着注射剂量的增大而增强．用BALB／C小鼠制备了该肽的抗血清,脑室注射此抗血清能明显逆转昆明小鼠对吗啡的耐受．因为这种来自猪脑的具有抗阿片镇痛作用的肽有99个氨基酸,所以简称此肽为AOP-99a（anti-oPioidpeptide）．     

抗吗啡活性肽的分离纯化及一级结构测定

报道了一种新的具有抗吗啡镇痛活性的肽的分离纯化,并进行部分一级结构测定．狗脑先经醋酸提取,冷冻成干粉,然后上ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－５０和Ｓ－ＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅＦ．Ｆ柱,最后经ＲＰ－ＨＰＬＣ纯化,鉴定纯度后,测定其抗吗啡镇痛活性,通过ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ法测得其分子量为８．９ｋＤ．氨基酸序列分析测得该肽的Ｎ端序列为：Ｖ－Ｉ－Ｓ－Ｖ－Ａ－Ｄ－Ｗ－Ｔ－Ｑ－Ｉ－Ｆ－Ｔ－Ｍ－Ｒ－Ｙ－Ｆ－Ｉ－Ｔ－Ｇ－Ｙ－Ｈ－Ｑ－Ｄ－Ｙ－Ｘ－Ｇ－Ｌ－Ｈ－Ｉ－Ｇ．经部分一级结构同源序列检索,未见与此有同源的蛋白质的报道,暂命名该肽为ＣＣ４肽     

曲霉属种间原生质体融合后遗传重组及病毒传递I．黑曲霉及无花果曲霉种间杂交

以曲霉属工业生产菌黑曲霉作为亲本与分类地位不周的无花果曲霉进行种间原生质体融合,获得形态性状不同的原养型菌落;经孢子体积,核的DNA含量测定及菌落的分寓性质证明该菌落是种间二倍俸杂种。杂种经单倍化剂处理后得到形态性状不同的分离子。实验还比较了亲本、杂种及分离子的葡糖淀粉酶产量,并研究了黑曲霉病毒在杂种及分离子中的传递。     

Photocurrent and electronic activities of oriented-His-tagged photosynthetic light-harvesting/reaction center core complexes assembled onto a gold electrode

A polyhistidine (His) tag was fused to the C- or N-terminus of the light-harvesting (LH1)-α chain of the photosynthetic antenna core complex (LH1-RC) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides to allow immobilization of the complex on a solid substrate with defined orientation. His-tagged LH1-RCs were adsorbed onto a gold electrode modified with Ni-NTA. The LH1-RC with the C-terminal His-tag (C-His LH1-RC) on the modified electrode produced a photovoltaic response upon illumination. Electron transfer is unidirectional within the RC and starts when the bacteriochlorophyll a dimer in the RC is activated by light absorbed by LH1. The LH1-RC with the N-terminal His-tag (N-His LH1-RC) produced very little or no photocurrent upon illumination at any wavelength. The conductivity of the His-tagged LH1-RC was measured with point-contact current imaging atomic force microscopy, indicating that 60% of the C-His LH1-RC are correctly oriented (N-His 63%). The oriented C-His LH1-RC or N-His LH1-RC showed semiconductive behavior, that is, had the opposite orientation. These results indicate that the His-tag successfully controlled the orientation of the RC on the solid substrate, and that the RC produced photocurrent depending upon the orientation on the electrode.     

Phospho-N-acetyl-muramyl-pentapeptide translocase from Escherichia coli: catalytic role of conserved aspartic acid residues

Phospho-N-acetyl-muramyl-pentapeptide translocase (translocase 1) catalyzes the first of a sequence of lipid-linked steps that ultimately assemble the peptidoglycan layer of the bacterial cell wall. This essential enzyme is the target of several natural product antibiotics and has recently been the focus of antimicrobial drug discovery programs. The catalytic mechanism of translocase 1 is believed to proceed via a covalent intermediate formed between phospho-N-acetyl-muramyl-pentapeptide and a nucleophilic amino acid residue. Amino acid sequence alignments of the translocase 1 family and members of the related transmembrane phosphosugar transferase superfamily revealed only three conserved residues that possess nucleophilic side chains: the aspartic acid residues D115, D116, and D267. Here we report the expression and partial purification of Escherichia coli translocase 1 as a C-terminal hexahistidine (C-His6) fusion protein. Three enzymes with the site-directed mutations D115N, D116N, and D267N were constructed, expressed, and purified as C-His6 fusions. Enzymatic analysis established that all three mutations eliminated translocase 1 activity, and this finding verified the essential role of these residues. By analogy with the structural environment of the double aspartate motif found in prenyl transferases, we propose a model whereby D115 and D116 chelate a magnesium ion that coordinates with the pyrophosphate bridge of the UDP-N-acetyl-muramyl-pentapeptide substrate and in which D267 therefore fulfills the role of the translocase 1 active-site nucleophile.     

由根癌农杆菌介导向毛白杨导入激素合成基因建立遗传转化系统

用携带基因1,2的根癌农杆菌AG(84)转化毛白杨外植体,在无激素的MS0培养基上获得转化根。分离单根或切成根段在分化培养基上能分化芽而再生完整植株。由T－DNA上带有基因4的根癌农杆菌C58C1（PBZ6111）转化毛白杨外植体,在MS0培养基上能直接分化不定芽而再生植株．在转化中使用叶柄作外植体比使用叶片的转化率提高一倍以上。基因1,2引入毛白杨后,植株根系发达,生根率达100％。基因4引入毛白杨则使植株节间变短,植株矮化．纸电泳分析表明,带有基因1,2的转化植株能表达特异的农杆碱,带有基因4的转化植株能表达特异的胭脂碱。     

Biodegradation of mono-hydroxylated PCBs by Burkholderia xenovorans

Three hydroxylated derivatives of PCBs, 2′-hydroxy-4-chlorobiphenyl (2′-OH-4-CB), 3′-hydroxy-4-chlorobiphenyl (3′-OH-4-CB), and 4′-hydroxy-4-chlorobiphenyl (4′-OH-4-CB), were transformed by the PCB degrader, Burkholderia xenovorans. When the bacterium was growing on biphenyl (biphenyl pathway-inducing conditions), all three hydroxylated isomers were transformed. However, only 2′-OH-4-CB was transformed by the bacterium growing on succinate (conditions non-inductive of the biphenyl pathway). Gene expression analyses showed a strong induction of key genes of the biphenyl pathway (bph) when cells were grown on biphenyl, which is consistent with the transformation of the three isomers by biphenyl-grown cells. When cells were grown on succinate, only exposure to 2′-OH-4-CB resulted in expression of biphenyl pathway genes, which suggests that this isomer was capable of inducing the biphenyl pathway. These results provide the first evidence that bacteria are able to metabolize PCB derivatives hydroxylated on the non-chlorinated ring.     

Production of hairy roots in Aconitum heterophyllum wall. using Agrobacterium rhizogenes

Summary A method for the production of hairy roots of Aconitum heterophyllum wall. is reported for the first time. Embryogenic callus cultures were successfully transformed using Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains viz. LBA 9402, LBA 9360, and A4 for the induction of hairy roots. The transgenic nature of hairy roots was confirmed by mannopine assay using paper electrophoresis. Best growth of transformed roots was obtained on 1/4 MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) medium with 3% sucrose. Total alkaloid (aconites) content of transformed roots was 2.96%, which was 3.75 times higher compared to 0.79% in the nontransformed (control) roots. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis of the components of aconites in the transformed roots revealed the presence of heteratisine, atisine, and hetidine.     

Alterations in lipid acyl group composition and membrane structure in cells transformed by Rous sarcoma virus.

The acyl group composition of the phospholipids from normal chick embryo fibroblasts and from cells transformed by Rous sarcoma virus was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Rous-transformed cells had less arachidonate (20:4) and more oleate (18:1) in membrane lipids than normal, growing cells. Normal density-inhibited cells had the lowest ratio of 18:1/20:4. Associated with the decreased content of 20:4 in the transformed cells was a decreased motional freedom of an incorporated spin-labeled fatty acid analogue. Arrhenius plots for uptake of 2-deoxyglucose revealed an increased apparent activation energy in the transformed cells, suggesting that the hexose transport carriers were sensitive to the changes in membrane composition and structure in fully transformed cells. However, the development of the changes in fatty acid composition occurred relatively slowly in the course of transformation, indicating that the observed compositional alterations are not likely to be a primary cause of the early changes in membrane function associated with malignant transformation.     

Genetically engineered termite gut bacteria (Enterobacter cloacae) deliver and spread foreign genes in termite colonies

Indigenous gut bacteria of the Formosan subterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) were used as shuttle systems to deliver, express and spread foreign genes in termite colonies. The gut bacterium Enterobacter cloacae was transformed with a recombinant plasmid (pEGFP) containing genes encoding ampicillin resistance and green fluorescent protein (GFP). In laboratory experiments, termite workers and soldiers from three colonies were fed with filter paper inoculated with transformed bacteria. Transformed bacteria were detected in termite guts by growing the entire gut flora under selective conditions and checking the cultures visually for fluorescence. We demonstrated that (1) transformed bacteria were ingested within a few hours and the GFP gene was expressed in the termite gut; (2) transformed bacteria established a persistent population in the termite gut for up to 11 weeks; (3) transformed bacteria were efficiently transferred throughout a laboratory colony, even when the donor (termites initially fed with transformed bacteria) to recipient (not fed) ratio was low; (4) transformed E. cloacae were transferred into soil; however, they did not accumulate over time and the GFP plasmid was not transferred to other soil bacteria. In the future, transgenic bacteria may be used to shuttle detrimental genes into termite colonies for improved pest control.