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1.
《遗传》2007,29(2):136-136
近年来,《遗传》的封面设计受到广大读者和专家的好评,每期的“封面人物”既介绍了遗传学家的生平与贡献,又回顾了那段历史,给人以启发和教益。2003年以来,陆续介绍过的国际著名遗传学家有孟德尔、摩尔根、魏斯曼、贝特森、德弗里斯、高尔顿、约翰逊、科赛尔、莱文、沃森、克里克、麦克林托克、木原均、瓦维洛夫、穆勒、莫诺、科恩伯格、杜布赞斯基、尼伦伯格、李景均、兰德斯坦纳、艾弗里、比德尔、德尔布吕克、莱德伯格、穆利斯、徐道觉、蒋有兴、桑格、伯内特、泰明、伯格等。2007年,还将陆续介绍伯格、波特、本则尔、克里斯蒂安娜、利川…  相似文献   

2.
组织工程研究涉及的临床科室包括骨科、普外科、五官科、康复医学科、泌尿科、口腔颌面外科、神经外科、整形外科、胸外科、眼科、肝胆外科、血管外科;涉及的组织器官有:神经组织、肝脏组织、角膜组织、膀胱组织、血液、韧带、耳朵、生殖道、手、脂肪、乳房、心脏、肾脏、胰腺、管状组织(用于建造肠管、食管、气管、血管、肾和尿道等)等。其中皮肤组织、软骨组织、骨组织等的研究应用较为成熟。从最初工程化组织或器官的立项研究到最终批准临床应用,这是一个漫长的过程,需要众多不同学科的科研人员共同努力。随着基础研究和临床应用的深入发展,现代组织工程正在成为治疗组织、器官衰竭的有效疗法和辅助手段。  相似文献   

3.
金衢地区位于浙江省的中、西部,包括浦江、东阳、磐安、义乌、永康、金华、武义、兰溪、衢州、龙游、江山、常山和开化等13个市县。经调查得知该地区共有毛皮兽32种,占全省毛皮兽种数的88.9%,分隶于5目11科。其中属国家一级保护的有云豹、豹、华南虎和黑麂,二级保护的有猕猴、黑熊、水獭、豺、大灵猫、小灵猫、金猫、獐和鬣羚,其它的则有华南兔、赤腹松鼠、长吻松鼠、豹鼠、狐、貉、狼、青鼬、黄腹鼬、黄鼬、鼬獾、狗獾、猪獾、花面狸、食蟹檬、豹猫、野猪、小麂和毛冠鹿等19种。黄鼬为全区分布,但多集中在衢州以东的盆地平原区。狐、貉、狗…  相似文献   

4.
作者近年检查了番茄、辣椒、蚕豆、扁豆、大豆、赤豆、花生、西瓜、甜瓜、丝瓜、薄荷、一串红、洋葱、慈菇、蒜、韭、小麦、大麦、玉米、水稻、稗牛筋草、水杉、广玉兰、夹竹桃、女贞、珊瑚树(Viburnum odoratissimum)木槿、海桐、栀子、樱花等三十多种植物的组织细胞,发现这些植物的分生组织、分泌结构及贮藏组织的细胞线粒体一般量多,用针等适当刺激这些部位能加速植株的生长和发育,减少病虫害,提高产量。  相似文献   

5.
2011年6月28日是广东省生态学会成立三十周年纪念日.三十年来,学会的生态环境不断改善,为自然、社会、经济的可持续发展,为和谐社会建设,作出了积极的贡献.在此,让我们怀着崇敬的心情,深切怀念已故的生态学家和关注生态学事业的领导.他们是:蒲蛰龙、刘田夫、陈封怀、李沛文、庞雄飞、何绍颐、邹仁林、邹国础、伍尚忠、莫熙穆、毕志树、黄中强、金烈、胡怀默、贾云飞、曾天勋、沈汝锋、刘集汉、高佩章等同志.他们的敬业精神,值得我们继承和发扬.同时,我们对为学会事业作出突出贡献的学会工作者表示衷心感谢.他们是:张宏达、彭少麟、万洪富、骆世明、王伯荪、段舜山、龚峥、王绍仪、许炼烽、余金照、陈桂珠、何国梁、张金泉、赵成武、 薛加林、陸玲等同志.他们的奉献精神是我们学习的榜样.  相似文献   

6.
该文研究了十种苯丙氨酸(Phe)的对位衍生物Fp、Clp、Bp、Ip、Ap、Np、Sp、Mp、Pp、Cp对小鼠黑色素瘤细胞系B16的细胞毒性、诱导细胞凋亡作用和抑制细胞成集落作用。结果表明,它们的细胞毒性大小依次为Pp、Fp、Mp、Ip、Sp、Ap、Bp。其中Mp和Ip的毒性相近,Sp和Ap的毒性相近。它们诱导细胞凋亡的作用强弱依次为Fp、Mp、Ip。其中Mp和Ip的作用相近。它们抑制细胞成集落的作用大小依次为Pp、Fp、Ip、Mp、Sp、Bp、Np、Ap。其中Pp、Fp、Ip、Mp的作用相近,Sp、Bp、Np的作用相近。初步的细胞毒理分析表明,Fp、Mp、Ip能够诱导B16细胞凋亡和抑制B16细胞形成集落。  相似文献   

7.
我国的大害虫——斜纹夜蛾   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
斜纹夜蛾(Prodenia liturs Fab.)亦称连纹夜蛾,属鳞翅目、夜蛾科。以往发生不多,1958年在全国范围大发生,尤以长江流域的江西、湖北、湖南、江苏、浙江、安徽和黄河流域的河南、河北、山东等省发生密度最大,广东、山西、陕西、辽宁、四川、云南等省发生较少,仅在局部地区为害较重。它的食性很杂,嗜食甘薯、棉花、芋、莲、向日葵、苜蓿、甜菜、马铃薯、烟草、花生、芝麻、蓖麻、黄豆、绿豆、商麻、黄麻、苋菜、空心菜、豇豆、番茄、茄子、辣椒、菠菜、甘兰、白菜、葱、南瓜、丝瓜、冬瓜以及玉米及多种禾本科植物及木本植物(如桑、茶、柑桔、杨柳),几乎所有植物都能加害。 斜纹夜蛾各期的形态大致是这样。成虫是中型蛾  相似文献   

8.
国际自然保护协会成立于1949年。现在它包括奥地利、比利时、英国、德国、荷兰、希腊、丹麦、印度、意大利、墨西哥、挪威、波兰、苏联、美国、土耳其、法国、瑞士、瑞典等国家的科学与社会团体。协会会员的团体的总数在200个以上。协会的主席是著名的法国植物学家、巴黎自然历史博物馆馆长汉姆(R.Heim)教授。协会目前的工作由设于布  相似文献   

9.
我国是世界上植物最丰富种类最多的国家。祖国的东西、南北各地高山平原、池沼湖泊、江河海洋;祖国的每一个角落,都生长着形形色色的种类繁多的野生植物。其中有的植物的根茎、叶、花、果实、种子。可提取油脂、芳香油,作为制造油漆、油墨、肥皂、机器润滑油、照明用的灯油、原料作为提取香精,香料的原料。有的植物的根茎、鳞茎、球茎、果实、种子里含有丰富的淀粉它可以代替粮食(面粉、米等)作为酿酒,制糖提取酒精的原料。有的植物的根、茎、叶、种子上的毛含有轫性大、弹性强、纤维长的纤维  相似文献   

10.
基于地理信息系统的红火蚁在中国适生区的预测   总被引:12,自引:2,他引:10  
应用地理信息系统(GIS)对红火蚁在中国的适生区进行了预测.以高于发育起点温度的天数和有效积温作为决定性因子,年均降水量、海拔高度作为限制性因子,应用GIS中的Kriging空间插值功能将红火蚁在我国的适生性分布情况分为高度适生区、适生区、轻度适生区和非适生区.结果表明,广东大部、广西中南部、云南南部的少数地区、海南、台湾、香港和澳门是红火蚁的高度适生区.云南南部、两广北部、河南最南部、安徽西部、浙江大部、湖北中东部、重庆、湖南、江西和福建是红火蚁的适生区.轻度适生区分布于河北中东部、山东中东部、北京、天津、江苏中北部、安徽大部、河南大部、浙江西北部、湖北西北部、陕西南部、四川东部、贵州中西部和云南中部的少数地区.我国的西北、东北和华北的大部分地区为红火蚁的非适生区.  相似文献   

11.
Nocardia sp. DSM 1069 was grown on mineral salt media with coniferyl alcohol, 4-methoxybenzoic acid, 3-methoxybenzoic acid or veratric acid as sole sources of carbon and energy. During incubation on coniferyl alcohol, the formation of coniferyl aldehyde, ferulic acid and quantitative accumulation of vanillic acid and proteocatechuic acid could be achieved with mutants. Washed cell suspensions of N. sp. grown on 4-methoxybenzoic acid, oxidized 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and protocatechuic acid. Cells grown on veratric acid, oxidized vanillic acid, isovanillic acid, and protocatechuic acid. Cell extracts were shown to cleave protocatechuic acid by ortho-fission.A mutant without protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase activity was not influenced in its growth on 3 methoxybenzoic acid. Cell free extracts of cells grown on 3-methoxybenzoic acid were shown to catalyze the oxidation of gentisic acid (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid). The resulting ring cleavage product was further metabolized by a glutathione dependent reaction.The specificity of the demethylation reactions has been investigated with a mutant unable to grow on vanillic acid. This mutant was not impaired in the degradation of isovanillic acid, 4-methoxy-, or 3-methoxybenzoic acid, whereas growth of this mutant on veratric acid (3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid) was only half as much as that of the wild type. Concomitantly with growth on veratric acid this mutant accumulated vanillic acid with a yield of about 50%.A pathway for the catabolism of coniferyl alcohol, involving oxidation and shortening of the side chain, and of 4-methoxybenzoic acid and veratric acid with protocatechuic acid as intermediate is being proposed. A second one is proposed for the degradation of 3-methoxybenzoic acid with gentisic acid as intermediate.  相似文献   

12.
The metabolism of n-decane by a Pseudomonas   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
The growth of a Pseudomonas on n-decane was found to produce stearic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, decanoic acid, octanoic acid, beta-hydroxydecanoic acid, beta-hydroxyoctanoic acid, beta-hydroxyhexanoic acid and beta-hydroxyadipic acid. Small amounts of n-decanamide and n-valeramide were also isolated. The effects of nitrogen and oxygen limitation on the formation of these products in continuous fermentations is reported.  相似文献   

13.
转录因子是一类在生物生命活动过程中起到调控作用的重要因子,参与了各种信号转导和调控过程,可以直接或间接结合在顺式作用元件上,实现调控目标基因转录效率的抑制或增强,从而使植物在应对逆境胁迫下做出反应。 WRKY转录因子在大多数植物体内都有分布,是一类进化非常保守的转录因子家族,参与植物生长发育以及响应逆境胁迫的生理过程。众多研究表明,WRKY转录因子在植物中能够应答各种生物胁迫,如细菌、病毒和真菌等;多种非生物胁迫,包括高温、冷害、高光和高盐等;以及在各种植物激素,包括茉莉酸( JA)、水杨酸( SA)、脱落酸( ABA)和赤霉素( GA)等,在其信号传递途径中都起着重要作用。 WRKY转录因子家族蛋白至少含有一段60个氨基酸左右的高度保守序列,被称为WRKY结构域,其中WRKYGQK多肽序列是最为保守的,因此而得名。该转录因子的WRKY结构域能与目标基因启动子中的顺式作用元件W ̄box( TTGAC序列)特异结合,从而调节目标基因的表达,其调控基因表达主要受病原菌、虫咬、机械损伤、外界胁迫压力和信号分子的诱导。该文介绍了植物WRKY转录因子在植物应对冷害、干旱、高盐等非生物胁迫与病菌、虫害等生物胁迫反应中的重要调控功能,并总结了WRKY转录因子在调控这些逆境胁迫反应过程中的主要生理机制。  相似文献   

14.
几种化感物质替代物间的互作效应分析   总被引:9,自引:3,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
运用正交旋转回归试验设计分析5种常见的化感物质替代物水杨酸、对羟基苯甲酸、肉桂酸、香草酸和阿魏酸间对稗草根长的互作效应,以探明化感物质抑草作用机理.结果表明,水杨酸和对羟基苯甲酸、水杨酸和肉桂酸间增效或拮抗的互作效应与各因子在化合物中浓度水平密切相关.水杨酸在浓度<0.14 mmol·L-1时,对对羟基苯甲酸表现为增效作用;当浓度>0.14 mmol·L-1时,则表现为拮抗作用.而对羟基苯甲酸在浓度为0.425 mmol·L-1时,对水杨酸表现为拮抗作用.在所考察的浓度范围内,水杨酸对肉桂酸都具有拮抗作用,而肉桂酸在浓度为0.14 mmol·L-1时对水杨酸表现出拮抗作用.在所考察的浓度范围中,香草酸与肉桂酸的作用效果都是增效的.  相似文献   

15.
酸沉降对森林生态系统影响的研究现状及展望   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14       下载免费PDF全文
刘菊秀 《生态学杂志》2003,22(5):113-117
酸沉降影响下物质循环及其不平衡研究;酸沉降对土壤理化性质的影响;森林水化学方面的研究;酸沉降下重金属的活化研究;酸沉降对植物生长的影响研究;酸沉降和气候变化对森林的影响;模拟酸雨对土壤理化性质和植物生长的影响;酸沉降下土壤风化问题的研究;运用模型对酸化问题的研究;森林土壤人为和自然的酸化;酸沉降临界负荷的研究;酸沉降和其它污染物对植物的联合影响;酸化土壤恢复研究等方面介绍了酸沉降对森林生态系统影响的研究现状,并阐明了今后研究的方向及应该注意的问题。  相似文献   

16.
Caffeic acid and 5-caffeoylquinic acid are naturally occurring phenolic acid and its quinic acid ester found in plants. In this article, potential effects of 5-caffeoylquinic acid and caffeic acid on P-selectin expression were investigated due to its significant involvement in platelet activation. First, the effects of 5-caffeoylquinic acid and caffeic acid on cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes were determined due to their profound involvement in regulating P-selectin expression on platelets. At the concentration of 0.05 microM, 5-caffeoylquinic acid and caffeic acid were both able to inhibit COX-I enzyme activity by 60% (P<.013) and 57% (P<.017), respectively. At the same concentration, 5-caffeoylquinic acid and caffeic acid were also able to inhibit COX-II enzyme activity by 59% (P<.012) and 56% (P<.015), respectively. As expected, 5-caffeoylquinic acid and caffeic acid were correspondingly able to inhibit P-selectin expression on the platelets by 33% (P<.011) and 35% (P<.018), at the concentration of 0.05 microM. In animal studies, 5-caffeoylquinic acid and caffeic acid orally administered to mice were detected as intact forms in the plasma. Also, P-selectin expression was respectively reduced by 21% (P<.016) and 44% (P<.019) in the plasma samples from mice orally administered 5-caffeoylquinic acid (400 microg per 30 g body weight) and caffeic acid (50 microg per 30 g body weight). These data suggest that both 5-caffeoylquinic acid and caffeic acid orally administered can be absorbed and suppress P-selectin expression on mouse platelets.  相似文献   

17.
不同pH的酚酸溶液对杉木及萝卜幼苗生长的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
通过四因素五水平的二次回归正交旋转试验设计 ,研究 pH值、肉桂酸、对羟基苯甲酸、香草醛四个因素对杉木和萝卜幼苗生长的影响。结果表明 ,杉木幼苗的鲜重生长随酚酸溶液的pH值的增大而增加 ,而随肉桂酸、对羟基苯甲酸和香草醛浓度的增大而减小。比较 3种不同酚类物质对杉木幼苗生长的影响 ,肉桂酸对杉木幼苗生长的影响 >对羟基苯甲酸 >香草醛 ,且 pH值与肉桂酸之间 ;肉桂酸与香草醛之间 ;对羟基苯甲酸与香草醛之间的交互作用都达到显著水平。萝卜幼苗生长对不同pH的酚酸溶液的反应与杉木幼苗相类似 ,随酚酸溶液的pH值的增大而增加 ,而随肉桂酸、对羟基苯甲酸和香草醛浓度的增大而减小。但对羟基苯甲酸对萝卜幼苗生长的影响 >肉桂酸 >香草醛 ,酚酸溶液的 pH值与所有 3种酚酸之间的交互作用都达到显著水平 ;肉桂酸与香草醛的交互作用对萝卜幼苗生长的影响也达到F0 0 1水平显著。  相似文献   

18.
1. Rat erythrocytes were fractionated into young, mature and old cell fractions by centrifugation. The fatty acid composition of each fraction was determined by gas-liquid chromatography, under four different dietary conditions: with adequate linoleic acid in the diet, with a diet deficient in linoleic acid, and with the deficient diet supplemented with corn oil for 3 and 12 days. 2. Significant differences were observed in the fatty acid composition of cells of different ages on all diets. The pattern of fatty acid distribution depended on the particular acid in question, on its concentration in the total erythrocyte sample and on the nature of the dietary fat. 3. When corn oil was fed to rats that had been fed previously on a deficient diet, the changes in fatty acid composition that occurred depended on the acid and on the cell age. For example, young cells were more active in incorporating palmitic acid and arachidonic acid but incorporated linoleic acid at a slightly lower rate than older cells. 4. These results are believed to indicate the presence in the erythrocyte of transacylases with different specificities, and to show that transacylase activity changes as the cells age.  相似文献   

19.
Chlorogenic acid (3-O-caffeoylquinic acid) inhibited haematin- and haemoglobin-catalysed retinoic acid 5,6-epoxidation. Some other phenol compounds (caffeic acid and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid) also showed inhibitory effects on the haematin- and haemoglobin-catalysed epoxidation, but salicylic acid did not. Of the above compounds, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid were potent inhibitors compared with the other two, suggesting that the o-hydroquinone moiety of chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid is essential to the inhibition of the epoxidation. Although caffeic acid inhibited retinoic acid 5,6-epoxidation requiring the consumption of O2, formation of retinoic acid radicals was not inhibited on the addition of caffeic acid to the incubation mixture. The above results suggest that caffeic acid does not inhibit the formation of retinoic acid radicals but does inhibit the step of conversion of retinoic acid radical into the 5,6-epoxide.  相似文献   

20.
C S Tsao  M Young 《Life sciences》1989,45(17):1553-1557
The effect of exogenous ascorbic acid intake on biosynthesis of ascorbic acid in mice has been studied. After the mice were on diets containing added ascorbic acid for two months, the activities of ascorbic acid synthesizing enzymes in the mouse liver homogenates were measured using L-gulono-gamma-lactone as a substrate. Exogenous ascorbic acid intake (0.5, 1 or 5% in the diet) was able to increase the concentration of ascorbic acid in the blood and to decrease the activities of ascorbic acid synthesizing enzymes in mouse liver. The results suggest that ascorbic acid synthesis was controlled by local regulatory mechanism or by the concentration of ascorbic acid in the hepatic portal blood. Ingestion of dietary erythorbic acid, a stereoisomer of ascorbic acid, had no effect on the activities of ascorbic acid synthesizing enzymes.  相似文献   

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