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Kai Xue Huai‐Ying Yao John Quensen Shi‐Jie Bai Wen‐Xue Wei Jin‐Shui Wu Jizhong Zhou James M. Tiedje Yong‐Guan Zhu 《Molecular ecology》2015,24(1):136-150
The influence of long‐term chemical fertilization on soil microbial communities has been one of the frontier topics of agricultural and environmental sciences and is critical for linking soil microbial flora with soil functions. In this study, 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and a functional gene array, geochip 4.0, were used to investigate the shifts in microbial composition and functional gene structure in paddy soils with different fertilization treatments over a 22‐year period. These included a control without fertilizers; chemical nitrogen fertilizer (N); N and phosphate (NP); N and potassium (NK); and N, P and K (NPK). Based on 16S rRNA gene data, both species evenness and key genera were affected by P fertilization. Functional gene array‐based analysis revealed that long‐term fertilization significantly changed the overall microbial functional structures. Chemical fertilization significantly increased the diversity and abundance of most genes involved in C, N, P and S cycling, especially for the treatments NK and NPK. Significant correlations were found among functional gene structure and abundance, related soil enzymatic activities and rice yield, suggesting that a fertilizer‐induced shift in the microbial community may accelerate the nutrient turnover in soil, which in turn influenced rice growth. The effect of N fertilization on soil microbial functional genes was mitigated by the addition of P fertilizer in this P‐limited paddy soil, suggesting that balanced chemical fertilization is beneficial to the soil microbial community and its functions. 相似文献
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Mengxin Zhao Bo Sun Linwei Wu Feng Wang Chongqing Wen Mengmeng Wang Yuting Liang Lauren Hale Jizhong Zhou Yunfeng Yang 《Molecular ecology》2019,28(7):1842-1856
Both fungi and bacteria play essential roles in regulating soil carbon cycling. To predict future carbon stability, it is imperative to understand their responses to environmental changes, which is subject to large uncertainty. As current global warming is causing range shifts toward higher latitudes, we conducted three reciprocal soil transplantation experiments over large transects in 2005 to simulate abrupt climate changes. Six years after soil transplantation, fungal biomass of transplanted soils showed a general pattern of changes from donor sites to destination, which were more obvious in bare fallow soils than in maize cropped soils. Strikingly, fungal community compositions were clustered by sites, demonstrating that fungi of transplanted soils acclimatized to the destination environment. Several fungal taxa displayed sharp changes in relative abundance, including Podospora, Chaetomium, Mortierella and Phialemonium. In contrast, bacterial communities remained largely unchanged. Consistent with the important role of fungi in affecting soil carbon cycling, 8.1%–10.0% of fungal genes encoding carbon‐decomposing enzymes were significantly (p < 0.01) increased as compared with those from bacteria (5.7%–8.4%). To explain these observations, we found that fungal occupancy across samples was mainly determined by annual average air temperature and rainfall, whereas bacterial occupancy was more closely related to soil conditions, which remained stable 6 years after soil transplantation. Together, these results demonstrate dissimilar response patterns and resource partitioning between fungi and bacteria, which may have considerable consequences for ecosystem‐scale carbon cycling. 相似文献
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《Biofouling》2012,28(8):819-831
AbstractBiofilms can be formed on the surfaces of dairy processing equipment and are a potential source of product contamination. This study evaluated the diversity of multispecies biofilms formed on stainless steel (SS) due to the contaminating microbiota in raw milk. Samples of raw milk were used: one was fresh milk and the other maintained in refrigerated bulk tanks for up to 48 h. The mesophilic aerobic contamination was ∼104 CFU ml−1 in fresh milk and 106 CFU ml−1 in bulk milk. SS coupons were kept immersed in the milk at 7 ±2 °C for 10 days, and every two days, the raw milk was changed for samples of the same origin collected on the current day. After incubation for 10 days, sessile cells in the biofilm reached 105 CFU cm−2 in the presence of fresh milk, and 106 CFU cm−2 in the presence of bulk milk. The genetic diversity analysis showed that Gammaproteobacteria and Bacilli predominated in the biofilms throughout the incubation of both milk samples and these biofilms showed a reduction in diversity over time. The main classes of bacteria found in these biofilms have representatives of great importance since many of them have spoilage potential. 相似文献
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Niclas Ericsson Charlotta Porsö Serina Ahlgren Åke Nordberg Cecilia Sundberg Per‐Anders Hansson 《Global Change Biology Bioenergy》2013,5(5):580-590
The area of dedicated energy crops is expected to increase in Sweden. This will result in direct land use changes, which may affect the carbon stocks in soil and biomass, as well as yield levels and the use of inputs. Carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes of biomass are often not considered when calculating the climate impact in life cycle assessments (LCA) assuming that the CO2 released at combustion has recently been captured by the biomass in question. With the extended time lag between capture and release of CO2 inherent in many perennial bioenergy systems, the relation between carbon neutrality and climate neutrality may be questioned. In this paper, previously published methodologies and models are combined in a methodological framework that can assist LCA practitioners in interpreting the time‐dependent climate impact of a bioenergy system. The treatment of carbon differs from conventional LCA practice in that no distinction is made between fossil and biogenic carbon. A time‐dependent indicator is used to enable a representation of the climate impact that is not dependent on the choice of a specific characterization time horizon or time of evaluation and that does not use characterization factors, such as global warming potential and global temperature potential. The indicator used to aid in the interpretation phase of this paper is global mean surface temperature change (ΔTs(n)). A theoretical system producing willow for district heating was used to study land use change effects depending on previous land use and variations in the standing biomass carbon stocks. When replacing annual crops with willow this system presented a cooling contribution to ΔTs(n). However, the first years after establishing the willow plantation it presented a warming contribution to ΔTs(n). This behavior was due mainly to soil organic carbon (SOC) variation. A rapid initial increase in standing biomass counteracted the initial SOC loss. 相似文献
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Wei Li Philippe Ciais Bertrand Guenet Shushi Peng Jinfeng Chang Vincent Chaplot Sergey Khudyaev Anna Peregon Shilong Piao Yilong Wang Chao Yue 《Global Change Biology》2018,24(10):4731-4746
The net flux of CO2 exchanged with the atmosphere following grassland‐related land‐use change (LUC) depends on the subsequent temporal dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC). Yet, the magnitude and timing of these dynamics are still unclear. We compiled a global data set of 836 paired‐sites to quantify temporal SOC changes after grassland‐related LUC. In order to discriminate between SOC losses from the initial ecosystem and gains from the secondary one, the post‐LUC time series of SOC data was combined with satellite‐based net primary production observations as a proxy of carbon input to the soil. Globally, land conversion from either cropland or forest into grassland leads to SOC accumulation; the reverse shows net SOC loss. The SOC response curves vary between different regions. Conversion of cropland to managed grassland results in more SOC accumulation than natural grassland recovery from abandoned cropland. We did not consider the biophysical variables (e.g., climate conditions and soil properties) when fitting the SOC turnover rate into the observation data but analyzed the relationships between the fitted turnover rate and these variables. The SOC turnover rate is significantly correlated with temperature and precipitation (p < 0.05), but not with the clay fraction of soils (p > 0.05). Comparing our results with predictions from bookkeeping models, we found that bookkeeping models overestimate by 56% of the long‐term (100 years horizon) cumulative SOC emissions for grassland‐related LUC types in tropical and temperate regions since 2000. We also tested the spatial representativeness of our data set and calculated SOC response curves using the representative subset of sites in each region. Our study provides new insight into the impact grassland‐related LUC on the global carbon budget and sheds light on the potential of grassland conservation for climate mitigation. 相似文献
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不同覆土基质微生物结构特征研究及其对双孢蘑菇产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
覆土是影响双孢蘑菇产量、质量和出菇整齐度的重要因子,利用现代分子生态学的方法快速、准确地对不同覆土基质微生物结构特征进行检测,以进一步了解微生物群落与双孢蘑菇相互作用关系。测定了不同覆土的理化特性,应用PCR技术对不同覆土材料提取总DNA,扩增细菌16S rDNA和真菌28S rDNA,运用变性梯度凝胶电泳技术对PCR产物进行分析,研究双孢蘑菇不同覆土基质微生物结构特征。结果表明：不同处理的覆土材料微生物群落的基因具有多样性,其中细菌群落基因多样性存在差异,使用纯泥炭与粉碎稻草处理差异最大,相似性仅为62%;通过真菌28S rDNA变性梯度凝胶电泳结果显示,粉碎稻草处理多样性指数最高,达3.576,但随着泥炭比例的提高,覆土处理中真菌群落的多样性相对减少;栽培试验发现,双孢蘑菇子实体形成量、总产量可能与覆土中的真菌群落多样性呈负相关。 相似文献
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不同发育阶段杉木人工林对土壤微生物群落结构的影响 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
采用变性梯度凝胶电泳技术(DGGE),分析土壤细菌16S rDNA和土壤真菌28SrDNA特异性片段多态性,研究了不同发育阶段杉木人工林对土壤微生物群落结构的影响.结果表明:土壤微生物群落结构随着杉木人工林的发育年龄而改变,杉木人工林土壤微生物群落多样性和丰富度随杉木生长发育显著增加(P<0.05),但均显著低于次生阔叶林(P<0.05);聚类分析表明,不同发育阶段杉木人工林土壤真菌群落相似性均<60%,而土壤细菌群落相似性最高可达65%,由此可推测不同发育阶段杉木人工林土壤真菌群落结构变化较土壤细菌群落结构变化剧烈;相关性分析表明,不同发育阶段杉木人工林土壤速效氮、碳氮比与土壤微生物群落多样性显著相关(P<0.05).本研究表明,长期种植单一杉木人工林能够通过改变土壤理化性质来影响土壤微生物群落组成,进而影响森林生态系统养分循环,导致人工林林分生产力下降. 相似文献
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Yalan Chen Zhangliu Du Zhe Weng Ke Sun Yuqin Zhang Qin Liu Yan Yang Yang Li Zhibo Wang Yu Luo Bo Gao Bin Chen Zezhen Pan Lukas Van Zwieten 《Global Change Biology》2023,29(18):5445-5459
To achieve long-term increases in soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, it is essential to understand the effects of carbon management strategies on SOC formation pathways, particularly through changes in microbial necromass carbon (MNC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Using a 14-year field study, we demonstrate that both biochar and maize straw lifted the SOC ceiling, but through different pathways. Biochar, while raising SOC and DOC content, decreased substrate degradability by increasing carbon aromaticity. This resulted in suppressed microbial abundance and enzyme activity, which lowered soil respiration, weakened in vivo turnover and ex vivo modification for MNC production (i.e., low microbial carbon pump “efficacy”), and led to lower efficiency in decomposing MNC, ultimately resulting in the net accumulation of SOC and MNC. In contrast, straw incorporation increased the content and decreased the aromaticity of SOC and DOC. The enhanced SOC degradability and soil nutrient content, such as total nitrogen and total phosphorous, stimulated the microbial population and activity, thereby boosting soil respiration and enhancing microbial carbon pump “efficacy” for MNC production. The total C added to biochar and straw plots were estimated as 27.3–54.5 and 41.4 Mg C ha−1, respectively. Our results demonstrated that biochar was more efficient in lifting the SOC stock via exogenous stable carbon input and MNC stabilization, although the latter showed low “efficacy”. Meanwhile, straw incorporation significantly promoted net MNC accumulation but also stimulated SOC mineralization, resulting in a smaller increase in SOC content (by 50%) compared to biochar (by 53%–102%). The results address the decadal-scale effects of biochar and straw application on the formation of the stable organic carbon pool in soil, and understanding the causal mechanisms can allow field practices to maximize SOC content. 相似文献
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Yong‐Liang Chen Jin‐Zhi Ding Yun‐Feng Peng Fei Li Gui‐Biao Yang Li Liu Shu‐Qi Qin Kai Fang Yuan‐He Yang 《Journal of Biogeography》2016,43(10):2027-2039
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土地整理保证了我国耕地总量的动态平衡和占补平衡,已成为实现国土资源集约利用的主要手段,但整治过程中的强度扰动会对土壤质量产生一定的影响.为了解土地整理对土壤微生物多样性的影响,采用PLFA法研究了土地整理1年(Z1a)、4年(Z4a)后土壤微生物群落多样性的变化.结果表明: 与未整理(Z0)相比,土地整理1年后,土壤pH值提高了14.6%,土壤有机碳质量分数降低了65.4%;各菌群磷脂脂肪酸PLFAs含量和相对丰度均显著下降(P<0.05),下降幅度达43.4%～63.7%和25.2%～53.9%;真菌/细菌(F/B)显著下降(P<0.05),降低了35.9%,而革兰氏阳性菌/革兰氏阴性菌(G+/G-)升高明显,增加了56.1%,均与有机碳的降低和pH值的升高有显著相关关系;土壤微生物多样性Shannon指数和均匀度指数(E)均显著下降,Z0与Z1a、Z4a之间的差异达显著水平;土地整理4年后,表征土壤微生物群落多样性的各指标相比整理1年的样地有所提升,但与未整理样地仍有显著差异.综上,土地整理显著影响着土壤微生物群落的组成,降低了土壤生态系统的稳定性. 相似文献
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Rhododendron aureum Georgi is a perennial evergreen dwarf shrub that grows at all elevations within the alpine tundra of northern China. Previous research has investigated the plant communities of R. aureum; however, little information is available regarding interspecific competition and underground soil microbial community composition. The objective of our study was to determine whether the presence of R. aureum creates a unique soil microbiome and to investigate the relationship between R. aureum and other plant species. Our study site ranged from 1,800 to 2,600 m above sea level on the northern slope of the Changbai Mountain. The results show that the soil from sites with an R. aureum community had a higher abundance of nitrogen‐fixing bacteria and a higher resistance to pathogens than soils from sites without R. aureum. We emphasize that R. aureum promotes a unique soil microbial community structure that is distinct from those associated with other plants. Elevation and microbial biomass were the main influencing factors for plant community structure. Analysis of interspecific relationships reveals that R. aureum is negatively associated with most other dominant shrubs and herbs, suggesting interspecific competition. It is necessary to focus on other dominant species if protection and restoration of the R. aureum competition is to occur. In the future, more is needed to prove whether R. aureum decreases species diversity in the tundra ecosystems of Changbai Mountain. 相似文献
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Microarray-based analysis of changes in diversity of microbial genes involved in organic carbon decomposition following land use/cover changes 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
To increase our understanding of the impact of land use/cover changes on soil microbial decomposition genes involved in organic carbon decomposition, we analyzed soil samples in four sites with different land cover/use histories in a subalpine region of western Sichuan. One site was in a primitive Abies faxoniana forest, the second and the third sites were spruce plantations established in 1960's and 1980's, respectively, and the fourth site was in a cropland dating back to 1960's. The genomic DNA from the microbial community was isolated and hybridized against a functional gene microarray containing 1,961 probes. There were 39, 62, 41, and 28 gene probes with statistically significant positive signals and the gene diversity index (H') values were 3.59, 4.04, 3.70 and 3.16 in primitive forest, spruce plantations established in 1960s and 1980s and cropland, respectively. The results suggested that the number of functional genes and the gene diversity index were correlated with increasing amounts of soil organic carbon, except in the primitive Abies faxoniana forest site. cluster analysis demonstrated that primitive forest soil was clustered more closely to soil from the spruce plantation established in 1960s. 相似文献
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Mengting M. Yuan Jin Zhang Kai Xue Liyou Wu Ye Deng Jie Deng Lauren Hale Xishu Zhou Zhili He Yunfeng Yang Joy D. Van Nostrand Edward A. G. Schuur Konstantinos T. Konstantinidis Christopher R. Penton James R. Cole James M. Tiedje Yiqi Luo Jizhong Zhou 《Global Change Biology》2018,24(1):297-307
Permafrost soil in high latitude tundra is one of the largest terrestrial carbon (C) stocks and is highly sensitive to climate warming. Understanding microbial responses to warming‐induced environmental changes is critical to evaluating their influences on soil biogeochemical cycles. In this study, a functional gene array (i.e., geochip 4.2) was used to analyze the functional capacities of soil microbial communities collected from a naturally degrading permafrost region in Central Alaska. Varied thaw history was reported to be the main driver of soil and plant differences across a gradient of minimally, moderately, and extensively thawed sites. Compared with the minimally thawed site, the number of detected functional gene probes across the 15–65 cm depth profile at the moderately and extensively thawed sites decreased by 25% and 5%, while the community functional gene β‐diversity increased by 34% and 45%, respectively, revealing decreased functional gene richness but increased community heterogeneity along the thaw progression. Particularly, the moderately thawed site contained microbial communities with the highest abundances of many genes involved in prokaryotic C degradation, ammonification, and nitrification processes, but lower abundances of fungal C decomposition and anaerobic‐related genes. Significant correlations were observed between functional gene abundance and vascular plant primary productivity, suggesting that plant growth and species composition could be co‐evolving traits together with microbial community composition. Altogether, this study reveals the complex responses of microbial functional potentials to thaw‐related soil and plant changes and provides information on potential microbially mediated biogeochemical cycles in tundra ecosystems. 相似文献
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Molecular identification and physiological characterization of Zymomonas mobilis strains from fuel‐ethanol production plants in north‐east Brazil 
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下载免费PDF全文 L.C.A. de Araújo T. de Cássia Dias Mendes B.S. dos Santos V. da Mota Silveira Filho G.M. de Souza Lima J.M. de Araújo M.T. dos Santos Correia M.B.M. de Oliveira M.A. Morais Júnior M.V. da Silva 《Letters in applied microbiology》2018,67(1):54-63
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Yüze Li;Shengnan Wang;Yali Yang;Liang Ren;Ziting Wang;Yuncheng Liao;Taiwen Yong; 《Global Change Biology》2024,30(5):e17302
Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) supports the sustainability of crop production and food security, and benefiting soil carbon storage. Despite the critical importance of microorganisms in the carbon cycle, systematic investigations on the influence of CSA on soil microbial necromass carbon and its driving factors are still limited. We evaluated 472 observations from 73 peer-reviewed articles to show that, compared to conventional practice, CSA generally increased soil microbial necromass carbon concentrations by 18.24%. These benefits to soil microbial necromass carbon, as assessed by amino sugar biomarkers, are complex and influenced by a variety of soil, climatic, spatial, and biological factors. Changes in living microbial biomass are the most significant predictor of total, fungal, and bacterial necromass carbon affected by CSA; in 61.9%–67.3% of paired observations, the CSA measures simultaneously increased living microbial biomass and microbial necromass carbon. Land restoration and nutrient management therein largely promoted microbial necromass carbon storage, while cover crop has a minor effect. Additionally, the effects were directly influenced by elevation and mean annual temperature, and indirectly by soil texture and initial organic carbon content. In the optimal scenario, the potential global carbon accrual rate of CSA through microbial necromass is approximately 980 Mt C year−1, assuming organic amendment is included following conservation tillage and appropriate land restoration. In conclusion, our study suggests that increasing soil microbial necromass carbon through CSA provides a vital way of mitigating carbon loss. This emphasizes the invisible yet significant influence of soil microbial anabolic activity on global carbon dynamics. 相似文献