西藏墨脱地区6种鸟类种和亚种的新分布记录

2018年10月至2021年10月,在西藏墨脱县开展鸟类多样性调查期间记录到6种鸟类新分布,分别是大蓝仙鹟 (Cyornis magnirostris)、黄嘴角鸮 (Otus spilocephalus)、金胸雀鹛指名亚种 (Lioparus chrysotis chrysotis)、细嘴钩嘴鹛Sintextus亚种 (Pomatorhinus superciliaris intextus)、白喉姬鹟指名亚种 (Anthipes monileger monileger)、棕胸雅鹛assamense亚种 (Trichastoma tickelli assamense)。     

西藏南部8种鸟类的新分布记录

2016年9和10月,在西藏自治区林芝及日喀则开展鸟类多样性调查期间新记录到8种鸟类,包括白胸翡翠指名亚种(Halcyon smyrnensis smyrnensis)、黑冠山雀指名亚种(Periparus rubidiventris rubidiventris)和栗腹?指名亚种(Sitta cinnamoventris cinnamoventris)、斑尾鹃鸠(Macropygia unchall)、红喉姬鹟(Ficedula albicilla)、黄胸柳莺(Phylloscopus cantator)、棕脸鹟莺(Abroscopus albogularis)以及田鹨(Anthus richardi)。     

试论赤尾噪鹛指名亚种的受胁程度

本文作者近期曾梳理赤尾噪鹛指名亚种(Garrulax milnei milnei)自戴维神父1874年命名以来的相关报道,揭示出该鸟近数十年来在野外的高稀缺性。为此,2015年3月至10月,江西武夷山国家级自然保护区对赤尾噪鹛指名亚种展开专项野外调查达20余次,并在保护区海拔1 700 m以上地带29个位点安放了57台红外触发相机,以期发现该鸟的现存证据。遗憾的是,无论是野外调查还是本次红外触发相机的照片/录像记录,并扩延至保护区自2009年10月以来300余台红外触发相机的全部记录,均未能发现或甄别出赤尾噪鹛指名亚种的存在。据此,作者提出赤尾噪鹛指名亚种当前的受胁程度当在极危(CR)与野外(功能性)灭绝(EW)之间。     

贵州宽阔水赤尾噪鹛繁殖巢记述

赤尾噪鹛(Garndax milnei)是全球性近危鸟类,在中国分布于云南、广西、贵州及福建武夷山海拔1 000～2 400 m的山区,结群栖息在常绿林的稠密林下植被及竹丛(马敬能等.中国鸟类野外手册).有关繁殖资料未见有报道.     

安徽省七种鸟类新纪录

本文报道了7种安徽省鸟类分布新纪录,分别为黑脸琵鹭(Platalea minor)、沙丘鹤(Grus canadensis)、黑雁(Branta bernicla)、黄眉姬鹟(Ficedula narcissina)、鳞头树莺(Urosphena squameiceps)、黑眉柳莺(Phylloscopus ricketti)以及红颈苇鹀(Emberiza yessoensis)。其中黑脸琵鹭、沙丘鹤和黑雁是迷鸟,黄眉姬鶲、鳞头树莺和红颈苇鹀是旅鸟,黑眉柳莺是夏候鸟。     

中国柳莺属鸟类分类研究进展

柳莺属(Phylloscopus)是广泛分布于旧大陆地区的小型食虫鸟类,目前全世界已知66种,其中约50种见于亚洲。该属鸟类外部形态十分相近且同域分布种数较多,历来是鸟类分类学中的研究难点及热点。2003年贾陈喜等介绍了20世纪90年代以来发表的分布于我国的柳莺属鸟类新种及相关分类学变动,涉及3个新描述种和9个由亚种提升的种,共计30种26亚种。2003年以来关于柳莺属鸟类的分类学研究取得了许多新的成果,同时我国境内也发现了一些新的分布记录。综合最新的文献及分布资料,整理得知我国现有柳莺属鸟类41种31亚种,与2003年的状况相比已有较大的变化。主要表现在:新描述种方面,德国学者Martens等2008年描述了黄腹柳莺(P.affinis)种组中的一新种———华西柳莺(P.occisinensis);2010年瑞典学者Alstrm等报道在越南和老挝地区新发现的灰岩柳莺(P.calciatilis)已被证实在我国有分布;亚种提升为种方面,如日本柳莺(P.xanthodryas)自极北柳莺(P.borealis)中独立,冠纹柳莺(P.claudiae)和西南冠纹柳莺(P.reguloides)分开等;分类地位再评议方面,如灰头鹟莺(Seicercusxanthoschistos)实为灰头柳莺(P.xanthoschistos)等;新分布纪录方面,如欧柳莺(P.trochilus)在内蒙古达里诺尔湖地区发现确切记录等。现今对柳莺属鸟类分类学方面的研究已明显呈现出传统形态学、分子遗传学、声谱分析及野外鸣声回放实验等新老技术手段相整合,多方面多角度地阐述问题的局面。中国是世界柳莺属鸟种分布最多的国家(其中有9种仅在或主要于我国境内繁殖),但我国鸟类学者关于该属鸟类的研究工作并不多见。柳莺属鸟类在分类学和进化生物学等领域具有重要的研究价值,我国鸟类学工作者应当引起足够的重视和关注。     

黑领噪鹛的两亲缘种在国内的亚种分化,包括一新亚种

大黑领噪鹛Garrulax pectoralis(Gould)和小黑领噪鹛Garrulax moniligerus(Hodg-son)是鹟科画眉亚科中的一对亲缘种。两者形态非常相似,其彼此间的区别特征,就国内所获得的各亚种进行对比,可列示如表1。     

棕腹杜鹃和乌鹃的宿主新记录

正棕腹杜鹃(Hierococcyx nisicolor)和乌鹃(Surniculus lugubris)是鹃形目(Cuculiformes)杜鹃科(Cuculidae)的寄生性繁殖鸟类(郑光美2011,Dickinson et al.2013)。目前棕腹杜鹃已记录的宿主主要为鹟科(Muscicapidae)鸟类,例如北灰鹟(Muscicapa dauurica)、白腹蓝姬鹟(Cyanoptila cyanomelana)等(Payne 2005,Erritz?e et al.2012)。     

四川峨眉山的主要资源乌类

峨眉山的旅游业近年发展很快,评估其鸟类的资源价值,是保护此自然资源、完善其旅游活动内容的现实需要。现将我们对此所作的尝试报告如下,供讨论和研究参考。1种类考查郑作新等(1963)记载峨眉山鸟类255种(以往记录的长尾鹩鹛或系斑翅鹩鹛之误,未计入)。其后,李桂垣(1982)补记16种。此外,我们还先后从当地采得鹌鹑Coturnix coturnix japonica(Ⅳ月,1000米),灰卷尾Dicrurus leucophaeus hopwoodi(Ⅶ,900),异色树莺Cettia flavolivacea dulcivox(Ⅵ—Ⅶ,2300—3000),白斑尾柳莺Phylloscopus davisoni disturbans(Ⅵ,3000)和黑尾蜡嘴雀Eophons…     

笼养状态下棕噪鹛华南亚种鸣声的初步研究

2005年10月至2006年6月对从四川省洪雅县野外捕获的10只(4♀,6♂)棕噪鹛华南亚种(Garrulax poecilorhynchus berthemy)的鸣声进行了记录并对主要鸣声进行了声谱分析。其鸣声复杂多变,可分为单声鸣叫、双声鸣叫、鸣唱和效鸣4类。研究中获得了6种单声鸣叫、3种双声鸣叫、7种鸣唱和1种效鸣的语谱图及其频谱特征。棕噪鹛雌、雄个体的鸣唱声有明显的差异,雄鸟的5种鸣唱中有3种是繁殖期所特有的。文中还对棕噪鹛鸣声的生物学意义进行了讨论。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.