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1.
采用ISSR分子标记技术,对浙江省桐庐县白云源森林公园的6个长叶榧(Torreya jackii)亚居群进行分析,阐明长叶榧在小地理范围内的遗传结构。12个引物对6个长叶榧亚居群的120个个体进行扩增,共得到194个位点,其中多态位点87个,总多态位点百分率(P)为44.85%,平均为29.21%。长叶榧总Shannon信息指数(I)为0.166 3,平均为0.119 9;总Nei指数(h)为0.103 5,平均为0.075 5。PIh均表明长叶榧总体水平的遗传多样性较高,亚居群水平的遗传多样性较低。AMOVA分子变异分析显示,21.45%的变异存在于亚居群间,78.55%的变异存在于亚居群内。长叶榧亚居群间的遗传分化系数(Gst)为0.270 5,基因流为1.347 8。6个长叶榧亚居群的平均遗传距离为0.037 0,根据亚居群间的遗传距离进行UPGMA聚类,结果为生境相似的亚居群聚在一起。  相似文献   

2.
塔叶苔属(Schiffneria Steph.)(Hepaticae)的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
李微  高谦  吴玉环 《植物研究》2006,26(4):389-391
塔叶苔属(Schiffneria Steph.)建立于1894年。作者在研究中国标本时,发现一新种——Schiffneria yunnanensis C. Gao &; W. Li sp. nov.。塔叶苔属的配子体为叶状体,生殖枝具茎叶返祖现象,应置于叶苔亚纲的叶状体无组织分化类群——带叶苔目(Pallaviciniales)之中。  相似文献   

3.
王亚婷  唐立松 《生态学杂志》2009,28(6):1028-1034
对古尔班通古特沙漠南缘降雨模式和不同生活型植物对小雨量降水的生理响应进行了研究。通过分析1998—2007年的降雨数据,发现本区的降水模式为小雨量,高频率,0~5 mm的小雨量降雨占总降雨频次的898%,平均降雨间隔在6 d左右。选择了本区具有代表性的16种植物,利用叶片相对含水量作为指标,研究了不同生活型植物对小雨量降雨(1、2、3、4和5 mm)的响应。结果表明,所有草本植物(11种)对2~5 mm的降雨都有不同程度的响应,只有1种灌木(驼绒藜Ceratoides latens),对4 mm降雨有响应。这12种植物在降雨后的第1天,叶片相对含水量显著增加,水分状况得到显著改善,表明这些植物对小雨量(≤5 mm)降雨有显著响应,而半灌木(沙漠绢蒿Seriphidium santolinum)、灌木(梭梭Haloxylon ammodendron、柽柳Tamarix ramosissima)、小乔木(白梭梭Haloxylon persicum)对5 mm以下的降雨均无显著响应,小雨量降雨可能主要是被1年生草本植物所利用。通过统计各降雨梯度上响应的植物种数发现,在降雨量达到3 mm时开始响应的植物种类最多。综合考虑降雨模式与不同生活型植物对小雨量降雨的响应特点,高频率的小雨量降雨,可能是维持本区较高植被覆盖度的重要原因。  相似文献   

4.
南五味子属(五味子科)植物叶表皮形态特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下,观察了南五味子属(Kadsura Kaempf. ex. Juss.)全属11种,八角属(Illicium Linn.)2种,共108个样品的叶表皮特征。在南五味子属中,叶表皮细胞的形状、叶表皮表面的纹饰、气孔器的形状、气孔极区的形状、表皮毛的有无等性状能用于研究南五味子属种间关系,以及与五味子属(Schisandra Michaux)和八角属之间的关系。在八角目(Illiciales)中发现的一个新分类学性状(叶表皮表面具角质网纹),支持将南五味子属分为离蕊南五味子亚属(Subg. Cosbaea)和南五味子亚属(Subg. Kadsura)。根据叶表皮形态特征,支持将南五味子亚属分为南五味子组(Sect. Kadsura)和肉蕊组(Sect. Sarcocarpon),支持R. M. K. Saunders和林祁对某些种的归并处理。根据与五味子属和八角属叶表皮形态特征的比较,认为这3个属的叶表皮形态特征相似,但南五味子属叶表皮形态比五味子属和八角属的叶表皮形态复杂,不支持将五味子科(Schisandraceae)从八角目(Illiciales)中分出而成立五味子目(Schisandrales)的观点。  相似文献   

5.
报道了国产10种锦鸡儿的染色体数目,并对其中9种的核型进行了研究。这9个种的核型公式分别为:荒漠锦鸡儿(Caragana roborovskyi),2n=16=10m(2SAT)+6sm;川西锦鸡儿(C. erinacea),2n=16=10m+6sm;密叶锦鸡儿(C. densa),2n=16=10m(2SAT)+6sm;刺叶锦鸡儿(C. acanthophylla),2n=16=12m+4sm;柄荚锦鸡儿(C. stipitata),2n=16=10m+6sm;甘蒙锦鸡儿(C. opulens),2n=16=12m(2SAT)+4sm;白皮锦鸡儿(C. leucophloea),2n=32=22m(4SAT)+10sm;北疆锦鸡儿(C. camilli-schneideri),2n=32=20m(4SAT)+12sm;中亚锦鸡儿(C. tragacanthoides),2n=32=20m(2SAT)+10sm+2st+2B。白毛锦鸡儿(C.licentiana)2个居群的染色体数目均为2n=32,为四倍体。研究结果表明,锦鸡儿属的核型一般比较对称,核型上的特化往往与其形态上的特化相关联,但也有例外。从倍性水平上来看,二倍体类群多是一些羽状叶的种,在分布上倾向于亚洲东部其祖先分布区,而四倍体的种类多是一些假掌状叶的类群,分布于西部干旱生境中,在形态上也表现的较为特化。这也符合锦鸡儿属的演化趋势。  相似文献   

6.
四种补血草属植物叶片泌盐结构的扫描电镜观察   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9  
周玲玲  刘萍  陆嘉惠 《植物研究》2006,26(6):667-671
利用扫描电镜技术,对4种补血草属植物大叶补血草(Limonium gmelinii (Willd.) Kuntze)、耳叶补血草(Limoniu otolepis (Schrenk) Kuntze)、繁枝补血草(Limonium myrianthum (Schrenk) Kuntze)和簇枝补血草(Limonium auream)的叶表面进行了研究,以探讨植物微形态结构与生态环境的关系。结果表明,这4种植物的上下表皮都分布有盐腺,且上表皮的盐腺密度大于下表皮,盐腺的基本结构相同,多由20个细胞构成,其中4个分泌细胞顶端的角质层中央有一小孔,植物体靠盐腺的泌盐孔泌盐。但4种植物在盐腺的密度、盐腺的大小、盐腺与周围表皮细胞的位置等方面存在差异。植物在对盐碱生境的长期适应过程中,促使其强烈地分化出泌盐结构,因而,具有明显的生态适应性。  相似文献   

7.
陕西蕨类植物新记录   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
报道了陕西分布新记录的11种蕨类植物,即峨眉盾蕨(Neolepisorus emeiensis)、边缘鳞盖蕨(Microlepia marginata)、肾羽铁角蕨(Asplenium humistratum)、城口铁角蕨(A. chengkouense)、蚀盖耳蕨(Polystichum erosum)、伴藓耳蕨(P. muscicola)、尾叶耳蕨(P. thomsonii)、尖齿耳蕨(P. acutidens)、康定耳蕨(P. kangdingense)、石韦(Pyrrosia lingua)和绒紫萁(Osmunda claytoniana),凭证标本均保存于西北农林科技大学植物标本馆(原西北植物研究所标本馆)(WUK)。至此,陕西现有蕨类植物已有258种(不包括变种和变型)。  相似文献   

8.
安明态  杨瑞  苟光前 《植物研究》2009,29(2):129-130
报道了贵州忍冬科(Caprifoliaceae)六道木属(Abelia R. Br.)1个新种,即荔波六道木(Abelia lipoensis M. T. An et G. Q. GOU)。新种与糯米条(A. chinensis R. Br.)近缘,不同点在于小枝和叶背无毛,花序宽大,疏松,呈宽圆锥状,花萼裂片近无毛,花冠小,长6~9 mm,白色,与萼裂片近等长或稍长。  相似文献   

9.
采用3种内生真菌与茅苍术组培苗共培养技术,研究了内生真菌对茅苍术组培苗生长及其主要挥发油成分的影响。结果表明:培养4周后,接内生真菌小菌核菌(AL3)的植株平均单株根数最多,比对照多92.7%(P<0.01),并极显著地提高了平均单株根系干质量,比对照高62.9%(P<0.01);而接种内生真菌小克银汉霉(AL4)和孔球孢霉(AL12)对茅苍术组培苗的生长影响不显著;AL3、AL4和AL12极显著提高了茅苍术叶片PAL酶活力,分别比对照提高了5.8、8.0和11.1倍(P<0.01);AL3处理组的POD(过氧化物酶)、CAT(过氧化氢酶)和SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)3种酶活性与对照相似;而AL4处理组的3种酶活性分别比对照降低了9.1%、37.1%和9.7%,AL12处理组的3种酶活性分别比对照提高了10.4%、21.2%和9.6%;AL3、AL4和AL12都对茅苍术叶片总多酚含量有极显著影响,分别比对照提高了179.8%、86.2%和84.1%(P<0.01);接3种内生真菌都改变了挥发油中4种主要活性成分苍术酮、苍术醇、β-桉叶醇及苍术素的相对百分含量。  相似文献   

10.
不同生态型扁蓿豆光合特性和光适应能力   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
用Li-6400型便携式光合作用测定系统和配套的荧光叶室,对4个不同生态型扁蓿豆的光合特性和光适应能力进行了比较研究。结果表明:内蒙古土默特左旗的生态型00-61扁蓿豆和黑龙江松嫩草原的生态型93-21扁蓿豆最大净光合速率(Pmax)、实际光化学效率(ФPSⅡ)、光化学荧光猝灭系数(qP)、暗呼吸速率(Rd)均较高,而非光化学荧光猝灭系数(qN)较低,表明二者具有相对高产的生理和生物物理基础。00-61扁蓿豆还具有较高的光饱和点,对强光有更大的光合适应性,适合种植在相对高光环境。内蒙古正蓝旗浑善达克沙地的生态型90-36扁蓿豆,qP较低而qN较高,具有相对较强的防御光抑制破坏的能力。内蒙古锡林郭勒盟锡林浩特典型草原区的生态型00-81扁蓿豆,光补偿点和光饱和点均较低,耐荫力较强,与其他生态型相比更能适应相对弱光环境。  相似文献   

11.
The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.  相似文献   

12.
Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.  相似文献   

13.
This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.  相似文献   

14.
A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.  相似文献   

15.
The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γj in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γj are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO3 (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li+ are: Cs+ (1.38), Rb+ (1.32), K+ (1.31), Na+ (1.16), TMA+ (0.53), TEA+ (0.45), TBA+ (0.03), Cl (0.19), glutamate (0.04), and NO3− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.  相似文献   

16.
17.
The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.  相似文献   

18.
The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.  相似文献   

19.
We investigated the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, and Hf) and the effect of Ca on their uptake in carrots (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun) by the radioactive multitracer technique. The experimental results suggested that Na, Mg, K, and Rb competed for the functional groups outside the cells in roots with Ca but not for the transporter-binding sites on the plasma membrrane of the root cortex cells. In contrast, Y, Ce, Pm, and Gd competed with Ca for the transporters on the plasma membrane. The selectivity, which was defined as the value obtained by dividing the concentration ratio of an elemental pair, K/Na, Rb/Na, Be/Sr, and Mg/Sr, in the presence of 0.2 and 2 ppm Ca by that of the corresponding elemental pair in the absence of Ca in the solution was estimated. The selectivity of K and Rb in roots was increased in the presence of Ca. The selectivity of Be in roots was not affected, whereas the selectivity of Mg was increased by Ca. These observations suggest that the presence of Ca in the uptake solution enhances the selectivity in the uptake of metabolically important elements against unwanted elements.  相似文献   

20.
《Ibis》1894,36(3):447-460
  相似文献   

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