宁夏甜菜丛根病的研究

发生在宁夏甜菜上的一种病毒病的病株叶丛主要表现为黄化、焦桔和叶脉黄化坏死。从其分离的病毒粒子呈杆状,宽约20nm,长度为65—110nm、270—300nm和390—420nm,能侵染甜菜、菠菜、昆诺阿藜、苋色藜、番杏,与甜菜坏死黄脉病毒(BNYVV)抗血清呈阳性反应。综上所述,认为该病害是由BNYVV引起的。     

甜菜多粘菌基因组片段的克隆及PCR检测

根据资料报导设计引物,扩增Ｐｏｌｙｍｙｘａ　ｂｅｔａｅ的基因组片段,将其克隆在ｐＧＥＭ－３Ｚｆ（＋）质粒载体上,并通过双酶切、ＰＣＲ扩增和部分序列测定,证明克隆片段为Ｐ．ｂｅｔａｅ基因组片段。用扩增Ｐ．ｂｅｔａｅ基因组片段的引物对由Ｐ．ｇｒａｍｉｎｉｓ侵染小麦和Ｏ．ｂｒａｓｓｉｃａｅ侵染豇豆根系抽提的总ＤＮＡ进行ＰＣＲ扩增,均未获得任何ＤＮＡ产物,进一步证实了上述结果。对移入病土２、３．５天的甜菜苗单株根系进行ＤＮＡ粗提,移入病土３．５天的甜菜苗ＰＣＲ检测其已被Ｐ．ｂｅｔａｅ侵染,对确定Ｐ．ｂｅｔａｅ的早期侵染有重要意义。     

砂培体系中甜菜多粘菌生物学特性的研究

在改进的砂培体系中,甜菜多粘菌完成生活循环只需７天。利用砂培体系研究了多粘菌在不同ＰＨ值、光照,接种材料和接处量条件下,对寄主的侵染以及在其中繁殖的情况。 多粘菌完成侵染所需时间,侵染的游支孢子最初释放时间,游协孢子体外存活期和休眠孢子对温度的敏感性等生物学特性。     

甜菜多粘菌基因组片段的克隆4及PCR检测

根据资料报导设计引物，扩增Ｐｏｌｙｍｙｘａ ｂｅｔａｅ的基因组片段，钭其克隆在ＰＧＥＭ－３Ｚｆ（＋）质粒载体上，并通过双酶切、ＰＣＲ扩增和部分序列测定，证明克隆片段为Ｐ．ｂｅｔａｅ基因组片段。用扩增Ｐ．ｂｅｔａｅ基因组片段的引物 Ｐ．ｇｒａｍｉｎｉｓ侵染小麦和Ｏ．ｔｒａｓｓｉｃａｅ侵染豇豆根系抽提的总ＤＮＡ进行ＰＣＲ扩增，均未获得任何ＤＮＡ产物，进一步证实了上述结果。对移人病士２、３．５天的甜菜苗     

砂培体系中甜菜多粘菌生物学特性的研究

在改进的砂培体系中,甜菜多粘菌（Polymyxabetae）完成生活循环只需7天。利用砂培体系研究了多粘菌在不同pH值、光照、接种材料和接种量条件下,对寄主的侵染以及在其中繁殖的情况,研究了多粘菌完成侵染所需时间,侵染的游动孢子最初释放时间,游动孢子体外存活期和休眠孢子对温度的敏感性等生物学特性。     

甜菜坏死黄脉病毒分子生物学的研究进展

甜菜坏死黄脉病毒分子生物学的研究进展姚华建,于嘉林,刘仪（北京农业大学农业生物技术国家重点实验室,北京１０００９４）ＡｄｖａｎｃｅｓｏｆＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎＭｏｌｅｃｕｌａｒＢｉｏｌｏｇｙｏｆＢｅｅｔＮｅｃｒｏｔｉｃＹｅｌｌｏｗＶｅｉｎＶｉｒｕｓ￥Ｙ...     

甜菜坏死黄脉病毒外壳蛋白基因在甜菜转基因植株中的表达

甜菜坏死黄脉病毒(Beet Necrotic Yellow Vein Virus,BNYVV)是一种由甜菜多粘菌(Polymyxo be tae)传播的多分体植物病毒．基因组由4～5条单链正意RNA构成^[1]。60年代末,由Tamada首次报道^[2],这种病毒可对甜菜造成严重危害,侵染甜菜后产生丛根症状(Rhizomania),并导致甜菜产量和含糖量的大幅度下降。除欧洲、北美及日本的严重发生以外,我国自70年代以来在东北、内蒙古及西北许多省区也有大量甜菜丛根病的发生报道^[3]。由于尚无有效药剂及措施用于甜菜丛根病或病毒传播介体的防治．在我国也无法采用大面积轮作作为防治手段,所以目前在世界各地及我国上述地区甜菜丛根病的发病面积逐年扩展,对甜菜生产和制糖业造成直接威胁。针对这一情况．本文报道了含有甜菜坏死黄脉病毒外壳蛋白基因的甜菜植株的转化再生工作,以期在甜菜亲本育种中获得新的抗性材料．为抗病毒品种的培育打下基础。     

甜菜坏死黄脉病毒外壳蛋白基因在大肠杆菌中的高效表达

将甜菜坏死黄脉病毒内蒙古分离物的外壳蛋白基因亚克隆到ｐＪＷ２上构建成在大肠杆菌中表达的载体。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ及Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ检测的结果表明,该表达载体在大肠杆菌ＤＨ５α中经温度诱导后特异地表达２１ｋＤ的甜菜坏死黄脉病毒外壳蛋白。经光密度扫描估测,其表达量占大肠杆菌总蛋白的１９．５％。     

Selection of natural isolates of Trichoderma spp. for biocontrol of Polymyxa betae as a vector of virus causing rhizomania in sugar beet

The soil fungus Polymyxa betae, Keskin, besides being a root parasite, plays a role of a vector in dissemination of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) causing rhizomania in sugar beet. An alternative to its chemical control is the application of antagonistic microorganisms suppressing proliferation of the fungal vector. In the present work, 66 Trichoderma isolates have been obtained from sugar beet plantations from diverse locations in Slovakia. The ability of the selected isolates to grow at low temperature (10 °C) and to suppress the colonization of roots with P. betae and the multiplication of BNYVV in roots under glasshouse conditions were tested. The roots of sugar beet seedlings growing in the BNYVV-infested soil were analyzed by serological ELISA test using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies for the presence of BNYVV and checked microscopically for the occurrence of cystosori of P. betae. The efficacy of the selected strains to suppress the proliferation of BNYVV varied on the average between 21 and 68%. On the basis of these tests, candidate strains for practical application in biocontrol of sugar beet rhizomania were selected.     

Strategies for the Detection of Potential Beet necrotic yellow vein virus Genome Recombinations which might Arise as a Result of Growing A type Coat Protein Gene-expressing Sugarbeets in Soil Containing B Type Virus

We have searched for beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) populations with a recombined genome which could possibly arise when transgenic sugarbeets expressing the coat protein gene of A type BNYVV are grown in soil containing Polymyxa betae carrying B type BNYVV, in soil samples from previous field release experiments and in a greenhouse model experiment. In order to accelerate the potential evolution of virus populations with recombined genomes in the model experiment, eight successive crops of sugarbeet plantlets were grown in the same soil samples over a period of 3 years. For the sensitive detection of recombined BNYVV genomes, we used nested PCRs with sense primers that are preferentially extended on the A type BNYVV sequence in the region of the coat protein gene and antisense primers which are preferentially extended on the B type BNYVV sequence in a region downstream of the coat protein gene which is not present in the transgene. Controls with mixtures of sap from plants which were singly infected with A or with B type BNYVV only revealed that, unless proper precautions are taken, PCR-mediated recombination artifacts may readily be produced. A method was developed that is able to detect A type/B type recombinant RNA molecules up to dilutions of one to a million in pure B type RNA molecules. Inspite of this high sensitivity we failed to detect any BNYVV with a recombined genome in the transgenic plants of the model experiment or at the sites of the previous field release experiments.     

抗甜菜坏死黄脉病毒单抗轻链可变区基因的克隆及全序列测定

甜菜是温带地区主要糖料作物,甜菜丛根病是其一种毁灭性病害,在世界范围内广泛蔓延,发病田块可以造成２０％—５０％以上的减产,甚至绝收,糖度可以降低４—８度。甜菜坏死黄脉病毒（ＢＮＹＶＶ）是丛根病的主要病源,目前没有好的防治方法。为了探索用基因工程抗体技术与植物转化技术防治丛根病的可行性,首先要把抗ＢＮＹＶＶ的单克隆抗体的可变区基因扩增和克隆出来,本文报道轻链可变区基因的扩增、克隆和全序列分析的结果。材料和方法抗甜菜坏死黄脉病毒的单抗杂交瘤（３Ｃ４）由北京农业大学植物病毒研究室制备［１］。细胞培养于…     

中国甜菜坏死黄脉病毒RNA5的检测及其核苷酸序列分析

利用反转录 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 方法,对甜菜坏死黄脉病毒（ Ｂ Ｎ Ｙ Ｖ Ｖ）５ 个中国分离物的 Ｒ Ｎ Ａ５进行了检测,结果表明新疆分离物、黑龙江分离物和内蒙古乌拉特前旗分离物不含有 Ｒ Ｎ Ａ５ ,只有包头分离物和呼和浩特分离物有 Ｒ Ｎ Ａ５ 。序列分析结果,包头分离物和呼和浩特分离物 Ｒ Ｎ Ａ５ 基因组分别为１３３８ ｎｔ 和１３５８ ｎｔ,均只包含１ 个开放阅读框架,编码产生２６ ｋ Ｄ 蛋白。与法国 Ｆ７２ 分离物和日本 Ｄ５ 分离物相比, 各分离物间核苷酸序列同源性为９３７ ％ ～９８５ ％ ,由此推导的氨基酸序列同源性为９１８ ％ ～９８２ ％ 。     

甜菜坏死黄脉病毒内蒙分离物自然缺失突变体缺失区域的定位分析

以甜菜坏死黄脉病毒内蒙分离物（ＢＮＹＶＶ ＮＭ）总ＲＮＡ为模板,经ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ扩增,分别获得ＲＮＡ２、ＲＮＡ３和ＲＮＡ４自然缺失突变体ｃＤＮＡ克隆。序列分析结果表明,ＲＮＡ２自然缺失突变体在７５ｋＤ通读蛋白编码区Ｃ端缺失３４８个核苷酸（缺失位置ｎｔ１４８８￣ｎｔ１８３５）。ＲＮＡ３在其２５ｋＤ蛋白编码区内缺失３６０个核苷酸（缺失位置ｎｔ７２９￣ｎｔ１０８８）。ＲＮＡ４的自然缺失区域位于３１ｋＤ蛋白     

Rapid screening for dominant negative mutations in the beet necrotic yellow vein virus triple gene block proteins P13 and P15 using a viral replicon

Point mutations were introduced into the genes encoding the triple gene bock movement proteins P13 and P15 of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV). Mutations which disabled viral cell-to-cell movement in Chenopodium quinoa were then tested for their ability to act as dominant negative inhibiters of movement of wild-type BNYVV when expressed from a co-inoculated BNYVV RNA 3-based replicon. For P13, three types of mutation inhibited the movement function: non-synomynous mutations in the N- and C-terminal hydrophobic domains, a mutation at the boundary between the N-terminal hydrophobic domain and the central hydrophilic domain (mutant P13-A12), and mutations in the conserved sequence motif in the central hydrophilic domain. However, only the boundary mutant P13-A12 strongly inhibited movement of wild-type virus when expressed from the co-inoculated replicon. Similar experiments with P15 detected four movement-defective mutants which strongly inhibited cell-to-cell movement of wild-type BNYVV when the mutants were expressed from a co-inoculated replicon. Beta vulgaris transformed with two of these P15 mutants were highly resistant to fungus-mediated infection with BNYVV.