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1.
邓曙东  张青文 《植物学报》2004,21(3):376-382
介绍了亚麻荠(Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz)的种植历史、栽培特性、种子成分、生物学特性、栽培措施、抗病虫害能力以及对其产物的应用。亚麻荠耐旱和抗病虫草能力强的特性符合农业可持续发展的方向。作为一种低投入的经济作物,亚麻荠的种植在我国有着广阔的发展前景。  相似文献   

2.
报道了陕西省种子植物分布的1新记录属、7新记录种.新记录属为亚麻荠属(十字花科),7个新记录种分别为梵净山菝葜(百合科)、鄂西小檗(小檗科)、堇叶碎米荠、亚麻荠(十字花科)、矮生栒子(蔷薇科)、长梗玄参(玄参科)及云雾忍冬(忍冬科).  相似文献   

3.
亚麻荠(Camelina sativa L.Crantz)是一种新型的"低投入、环保型"工业油料作物。种子含油量达43%,其中α-亚麻酸35%。种子油不仅可做食用油和动物饲料,亦可用于加工保健功能食品,以及生物燃油和高值油脂产品。重点分析亚麻荠主要农艺性状和优异油脂性状,论述应用基因工程技术对亚麻荠油脂品质的遗传改良研究,包括长链多聚不饱和脂肪酸,ω-7脂肪酸,中、短链脂肪酸和蜡酯生物合成,以及单一脂肪酸富集途径的代谢组装。分析和讨论了亚麻荠功能基因组学研究动向以及亚麻荠产业发展前景。  相似文献   

4.
亚麻荠对小菜蛾幼虫取食和成虫行为反应的影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
亚麻荠是一种很少有害虫危害的油料作物。用室内生测和Y 型嗅觉仪研究了亚麻荠对小菜蛾Plutella xylostella幼虫取食和成虫行 为反应的影响。以甘蓝作对照,用亚麻荠叶片喂养的小菜蛾初孵幼虫3天后校正死亡率为79 .2%,显示了较强的致死作用;喂养小菜蛾3龄幼虫至化蛹,其存活率、化蛹率、蛹重及成 虫寿命都显著降低,表明亚麻荠对小菜蛾幼虫的生长发育有不利影响。在幼虫的取食选择实 验中,有甘蓝叶供选择时,小菜蛾幼虫不取食亚麻荠;在无可选择的情况下,小菜蛾幼虫也 取 食亚麻荠叶片,但取食量很小,与取食甘蓝叶的量相比,差异极显著。行为反应测试表明, 小菜蛾成虫对甘蓝和亚麻荠植株的挥发物都有明显的趋性反应,与对照(净化空气)相比, 差异极显著,而在甘蓝和亚麻荠之间无选择性。说明小菜蛾成虫对亚麻荠植株的挥发物具有 较强的定向反应。  相似文献   

5.
关于察隅阴山荠和云南亚麻荠的考证   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
为研究察隅阴山荠Yinshania zayuensis Y.H.Zhang(张渝华,1987),笔者查阅了《中国植物志》第33卷(1987)十字花科部分,发现其中云南亚麻荠Camelina yunnanensis W.W.Smith的特征均为察隅阻山荠的特征,图亦与之吻合。显然,这是后者标本误定造成的。  相似文献   

6.
文章介绍植物亚麻荠素合成过程中的中间体、催化酶和相关基因的研究进展.  相似文献   

7.
FUS3转录因子是调控植物种子油脂合成的关键因子。为探讨亚麻荠CsFUS 3基因在脂质合成和积累过程中的作用,该研究对CsFUS 3基因家族进行全基因组鉴定,分析CsFUS 3基因的时空表达模式,并解析CsFUS 3-1和CsFUS 3-2基因在植物油脂合成中的功能,为深入解析CsFUS 3基因在亚麻荠油脂合成中的功能及亚麻荠高油品种选育提供理论基础。结果表明:(1)利用AtFUS3蛋白序列,在亚麻荠基因组数据库中鉴定出2条完整的CsFUS3蛋白序列,分别命名为CsFUS3-1和CsFUS3-2,亚细胞定位发现2个CsFUS3蛋白均位于细胞核。(2)亚麻荠CsFUS3-1和CsFUS3-2蛋白与拟南芥AtFUS3蛋白的亲缘关系最近,具有与拟南芥AtFUS3蛋白相似的理化性质、高级结构以及完整的B3功能域。(3)qRT-PCR结果显示,CsFUS 3-1和CsFUS 3-2基因仅在种子中表达,且随着种子的发育成熟,2个CsFUS 3基因的表达量均呈先增高后降低的变化趋势,并在花后30 d时表达量达到最高。(4)CsFUS3和CsWRI1蛋白互作以及CsFUS 3对OLE和ABI 3基因的转录调控可能是亚麻荠高油性状的关键调控途径。(5)烟草瞬时表达分析表明,与野生型相比,转CsFUS 3-1和CsFUS 3-2基因的烟草叶片总油脂含量分别提高了0.95%和1.12%,表明亚麻荠CsFUS 3基因能够提高烟叶总油脂的合成积累。  相似文献   

8.
宁夏十字花科1种新记录植物   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
报道了宁夏十字花科1种新记录植物,小果亚麻荠(Camelina microcarpa).  相似文献   

9.
<正>亚麻荠(Camelina sativa)是一种油料作物,由于与拟南芥的密切关系,目前已成为新的模式植物。多个实验室已经培育出转基因亚麻荠,美国和中国已经开始了田间试验。Jean-PierreBourgin研究所的Stéphane Julié-Galau和同事开展了一项研究以确定十字花科芥菜类植物是否会与同属其他物种杂交,例如水芹  相似文献   

10.
孙稚颖  李法曾 《广西植物》2008,28(4):431-436
利用光学显微镜对中国十字花科独行菜族部分广布属及相关属植物进行了叶表皮微形态学观察研究,结果表明:所研究的中国独行菜族植物叶表皮微形态具有多样性,可以划分为两种类型:第一类,叶上下表皮同形或近同形,叶表面被单毛或光滑无毛,包括独行菜属、群心菜属、菘蓝属和菥蓂属;第二类,叶上下表皮不同形,叶表面被分支毛和单毛,包括荠属和亚麻荠属;叶表皮微形态结果支持荠属应从独行菜族中移出,独行菜族是一多系类群,同时认为荠属与亚麻荠属植物具有较近的亲缘关系。  相似文献   

11.
The destruxin B detoxification pathway present in Sinapis alba is also present in three unrelated species, Camelina sativa, Capsella bursa-pastoris, and Eruca sativa, suggesting a conservation of this pathway across crucifers. The chemical structure of a destruxin B metabolite, (6'-O-malonyl)hydroxydestruxin B beta-D-glucopyranoside, was also establised. Considering that Camelina sativa and Capsella bursa-pastoris detoxify destruxin B and produce the phytoalexins camalexins, these wild crucifers appear to represent unique and perhaps useful sources of blackleg resistance in strategic plant breeding.  相似文献   

12.
Plant Molecular Biology Reporter - Camelina (Camelina sativa L. Crantz) is a short-season oilseed crop of the Brassicaceae family that consists of both summer and winter annual biotypes. Winter...  相似文献   

13.
In many plant species, gene dosage is an important cause of phenotype variation. Engineering gene dosage, particularly in polyploid genomes, would provide an efficient tool for plant breeding. The hexaploid oilseed crop Camelina sativa, which has three closely related expressed subgenomes, is an ideal species for investigation of the possibility of creating a large collection of combinatorial mutants. Selective, targeted mutagenesis of the three delta‐12‐desaturase (FAD2) genes was achieved by CRISPR‐Cas9 gene editing, leading to reduced levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids and increased accumulation of oleic acid in the oil. Analysis of mutations over four generations demonstrated the presence of a large variety of heritable mutations in the three isologous CsFAD2 genes. The different combinations of single, double and triple mutants in the T3 generation were isolated, and the complete loss‐of‐function mutants revealed the importance of delta‐12‐desaturation for Camelina development. Combinatorial association of different alleles for the three FAD2 loci provided a large diversity of Camelina lines with various lipid profiles, ranging from 10% to 62% oleic acid accumulation in the oil. The different allelic combinations allowed an unbiased analysis of gene dosage and function in this hexaploid species, but also provided a unique source of genetic variability for plant breeding.  相似文献   

14.
A Gehringer  W Friedt  W Lühs  R J Snowdon 《Génome》2006,49(12):1555-1563
The crucifer oilseed plant false flax (Camelina sativa subsp. sativa) possesses numerous valuable agronomic attributes that make it attractive as an alternative spring-sown crop for tight crop rotations. The oil of false flax is particularly rich in polyunsaturated C18-fatty acids, making it a valuable renewable feedstock for the oleochemical industry. Because of the minimal interest in the crop throughout the 20th century, breeding efforts have been limited. In this study, a genetic map for C. sativa was constructed, using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, in a population of recombinant inbred lines that were developed, through single-seed descent, from a cross between 'Lindo' and 'Licalla', 2 phenotypically distinct parental varieties. Three Brassica simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were also integrated into the map, and 1 of these shows linkage to oil-content loci in both C. sativa and Brassica napus. Fifty-five other SSR primer combinations showed monomorphic amplification products, indicating partial genome homoeology with the Brassica species. Using data from field trials with different fertilization treatments (0 and 80 kg N/ha) at multiple locations over 3 years, the map was used to localize quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for seed yield, oil content, 1000-seed mass, and plant height. Some yield QTLs were found only with the N0 treatment, and might represent loci contributing to the competitiveness of false flax in low-nutrient soils. The results represent a starting point for future marker-assisted breeding.  相似文献   

15.
The CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease system is a powerful and flexible tool for genome editing, and novel applications of this system are being developed rapidly. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to target the FAD2 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana and in the closely related emerging oil seed plant, Camelina sativa, with the goal of improving seed oil composition. We successfully obtained Camelina seeds in which oleic acid content was increased from 16% to over 50% of the fatty acid composition. These increases were associated with significant decreases in the less desirable polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid (i.e. a decrease from ~16% to <4%) and linolenic acid (a decrease from ~35% to <10%). These changes result in oils that are superior on multiple levels: they are healthier, more oxidatively stable and better suited for production of certain commercial chemicals, including biofuels. As expected, A. thaliana T2 and T3 generation seeds exhibiting these types of altered fatty acid profiles were homozygous for disrupted FAD2 alleles. In the allohexaploid, Camelina, guide RNAs were designed that simultaneously targeted all three homoeologous FAD2 genes. This strategy that significantly enhanced oil composition in T3 and T4 generation Camelina seeds was associated with a combination of germ‐line mutations and somatic cell mutations in FAD2 genes in each of the three Camelina subgenomes.  相似文献   

16.
种植密度作为影响作物产量和品质的重要因素, 会造成植物对于光照、水分和养分的竞争。为研究种植密度对苜蓿生长与产量的影响, 在日光温室环境下, 以紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)为材料, 设置25、100、400、800、1 500、2 000株·m -2, 共6个种植密度, 对紫花苜蓿的种群密度和生长状况进行了观测。结果表明, 各处理播种后15天的平均种植密度分别为25、100、373、745、1 255、1 938株·m -2; 随着紫花苜蓿的生长, 除了低密度(25、100株·m -2)处理没有发生植株数量的变化外, 其余4个密度处理植株数量均有所减少, 即发生不同程度的自疏, 至第二茬收获时(播种后第187天)种群数量分别减少为297、571、759、839株·m -2。植株个体的株高、基径和分枝数量随着现存密度的增加呈指数下降; 个体生物量与现存密度的关系满足竞争密度效应的幂函数关系, 即随着密度的增加而减小。紫花苜蓿单位面积地上生物量符合最终产量恒定法则, 然而, 随着密度的增加, 地下生物量有先增加后减小的趋势。  相似文献   

17.
Results are presented to show that all the rules of proof for insect transmission of Nematospora by Dysdercus spp. have now been satisfied: viz. a close association of the insect with diseased plants in nature; visitation of healthy plants by the insect under conditions suitable for transmission of the disease; the presence of the pathogen in or on the insect in nature or following visitation to a diseased plant; and experimental production of the disease by insect visitation under controlled conditions. Hence it is claimed that Dysdercus spp. are proved vectors of internal boll disease of cotton.
Fungal material as spores or mycelium is carried as an external contaminant on the mouth-parts, although it is located in the deep stylet pouches, where protection is afforded and spore germination is possible.
The fungus is cast off with the exuviae during moulting, but recontamination from exuviae or other sources in the environment occurs.
The transmission is hence purely mechanical with the insect obligatory only in its function as a syringe to inject the fungus which is otherwise unable to reach its substrate. Insect and fungus can develop independently and the insect is apparently unharmed by the presence of the fungus.
Nematospora spores also reach the intestine but do not appear to remain viable there and do not germinate.
The fungus is believed to enter and leave the insect by the same route. The spores are well adapted in shape to reach the stylet pouches of the insect.
No alternative morphological form of Nematospora gossypii within the insect has been found.
The results do not lead to methods of control of the disease beyond those in practice-trapping of insects, destruction of alternative host plants, and the alteration of time of planting to avoid insect attack.  相似文献   

18.
植物篱对小麦蚜虫及其天敌种群的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用坡地种植蓑草、苜蓿、香根草和紫穗槐等植物篱的方法,研究了其对小麦蚜虫及其天敌种群的影响.结果表明:在20°坡度试验区,紫穗槐植物篱显著抑制了麦蚜种群的发生,且麦田拟寄生物的密度等于或显著低于香根草区.在12°坡度试验区,苜蓿和蓑草推迟了麦蚜种群发生的高峰期,蓑草作为植物篱可以显著抑制麦蚜种群数量;苜蓿区麦田拟寄生物密度显著高于对照,瓢虫种群密度等于或显著高于蓑草区.蓑草挥发物对麦长管蚜和禾谷缢管蚜均有驱避作用,而显著引诱猫蛛科1种蜘蛛;苜蓿挥发物对麦长管蚜具有引诱作用;苜蓿和蓑草挥发物对瓢虫的行为反应均无明显影响.紫穗槐和蓑草作为坡地植物篱,不仅能防护水土流失,而且有助于调控害虫及其天敌种群.  相似文献   

19.
Poultry meat is a valuable source of nutrients and the enrichment with health-promoting substances such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) is an important factor for consumers’ choice. Camelina meal (Camelina sativa) is an animal feedstuff used to achieve this goal, but the administration of n-3 PUFA-enriched diets in broiler nutrition can accelerate the oxidative processes in meat leading to a decreased quality of final product. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the organic Cr as chromium picolinate (CrPic) on meat quality, fatty acid profile of fat and oxidative stability of meat from broilers fed supplemented dietary Camelina meal. An experiment was conducted on 240 Ross 308 broiler chicken aged 14 days which were assigned to 6 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. Within the treatment arrangement two concentrations of Camelina meal (0% and 3%) and three concentrations of Cr3+ (0, 200 and 400 μg/kg) were used. Dietary treatments were: (1) Control diet (C) containing a corn–soybean diet with no added Camelina meal or Cr3+; (2) a C diet containing an additional 200 μg/kg of Cr3+ as CrPic; (3) a C diet containing an additional 400 μg/kg of Cr3+ as CrPic; (4) a C diet containing an additional 3% Camelina meal; (5) diet 2 containing an additional 3% Camelina meal; (6) diet 3 containing an additional 3% Camelina meal. Chromium supplementation significantly (P<0.05) increased the CP concentrations and significantly (P<0.05) decreased the crude fat concentrations in breast samples. The Camelina meal groups presented higher values of unsaturated fatty acids, particularly n-3 fatty acids (P<0.05). In CrPic groups, increased retention of Zn and Fe (P < 0.05) was observed in breast samples, compared to control group, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values were significantly (P<0.05) smaller. Myoglobin fraction (metmyoglobin and oximyoglobin) concentrations differ significantly (P<0.05) from the control group, under the influence of Cr3+ supplements. This study found that broilers fed with CrPic supplements showed improved mineral composition and oxidative stability of breast meat, proving an effective protection of lipid molecules from oxidation in PUFA-enriched meat.  相似文献   

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