铜绿假单胞菌VIM-2型金属β-内酰胺酶基因的克隆及原核表达重组质粒的构建

目的扩增铜绿假单胞菌VIM-2型金属β-内酰胺酶基因,导入载体pMD18-T和pGEX-4T-1构建重组质粒pMD18-T／VIM-2和pGEX-4T-1／VIM-2。方法采用PCR技术从铜绿假单胞菌扩增VIM-2基因,先将其亚克隆人pMO18-T载体后测定核苷酸序列。再将VIM-2基因克隆至表达载体pGEX-4T-1,并转化大肠埃希菌JM109。用限制性酶切分析、PCR、序列分析等进行重组质粒鉴定。结果扩增出801bp的VIM-2基因,构建重组质粒pMD18-T／VIM-2和pGEX-4T-1／VIM-2。结论成功扩增801bp的VIM-2基因,该基因与国外同类酶的核苷酸同源性100％。重组质粒pGEX-4T-1／VIM-2构建成功。     

A型产气荚膜梭菌α-毒素基因的克隆与核苷酸序列分析

利用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术,从A型产气莫膜梭菌染色体基因组中扩增了1．2kb的α毒素基因。通过T4 DNA连接酶,将纯化的PCR产物与载体pGEM-T连接,转化受至体菌JM109中,经NcoI/EcoRI和BamHI/EcoRI双酶切分析,证明重组质粒pXCPA02中含有A型产气荚膜棱菌α毒素全基因。经核苷酸序列分析,明确了克隆的α毒素基因在重组质粒中的连接向位且核苷酸序列是正确的。     

C型产气荚膜梭菌α毒素基因的克隆与表达

利用PCR技术,从C型产气荚膜梭菌染色体基因组中扩增了1．2kb的α毒素基因,将纯化的PCR产物与载体pGEM-T连接,转化至受体菌JM109中,经NcoI／EcoRI和BamHI／EcoRI酶切鉴定及核苷酸序列测定证实,重组质粒pXCPAl中含有α毒素全基因。随后用NcoI／EcoRI酶切质粒pXCPAl,回收α毒素基因片段,插入到事先经同样酶切处理的载体pET-28c中相应酶切位点,构建了表达质粒pETXAl,经NcoI／EcoRI和BamHI／EcoRI酶切鉴定及核苷酸序列测定证实,表达质粒含有α毒素基因且基因序列和阅读框架正确。重组菌株BL21(DE3)(pETXAl)表达产物经ELISA检测和SDS-PAGE分析,重组菌株表达的α毒素蛋白能够被α毒素单抗识别,其表达量占菌体总蛋白相对含量的16．28％。     

裂殖壶菌EST文库cdc2基因的筛选与分析

利用已建立的裂殖壹菌(Schizochytrium sp FJU-512)EST文库,通过序列比对分析发现p34cdc2相似基因的3′端序列,分离含该EST序列的质粒ROCHA2004,以T7引物进行反向测序,获得p34cdc2相似基因的全长序列,结合NCBI的ORF finder以及Blastx程序获得p34cdc2蛋白的氨基酸序列;利用同源模建方法构建了该蛋白的三维空间结构,并预测其功能结构域;对该蛋白进行系统发育分析,构建进化树,结果显示该蛋白同小麦(Triticum aestivum)的p34cdc2序列亲缘关系最近。     

拼接信号序列单碱基变异提高马传染性贫血病毒mRNA拼接效率

分别以马传染性贫血(马传贫)驴强毒(D—A EIAV)RNA和马传贫驴白细胞弱毒疫苗(DLA EIAV)RNA为模板,利用RT—PCR的方法,克隆到马传贫强、弱毒株基因组外显子2及其下游的核苷酸序列。然后将报告基因CAT插入到EIAV内含子2env阅读框架中,构成CAT拼接报告系统。同时在强毒株重组表达质粒的基础上,将其外显子-3上游拼接受体位点的核苷酸序列CAG突变为弱毒株相应位置的核苷酸序列TAG,得到强毒单核苷酸突变株重组表达质粒。用构建的3个重组表达质粒DNA转染驴血白细胞,ELISA检测转染细胞CAT浓度。结果表明：EIAV强毒株重组表达质粒中CAT蛋白表达量最高,EIAV强毒株重组表达质粒次之,EIAV强毒突变株重组表达质粒最低。由于CAT基因被插入于各重组质粒中的EIAV内含子-2里,EIAV外显子-2、3之间的拼接可导致该基因的删除,因而其拼接效率低于EIAVmRNA外显子-2、3之间的拼接效率。实验数据表明,EIAV SA2拼接信号序列单碱基变异提高了SD2-SA2拼接效率;D—AEIAV SA2-SD2拼接效率比DLA EIAV相应位点拼接效率高。     

H5N1禽流感病毒HA和NA基因重组腺病毒共表达载体的构建

利用口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)2A蛋白具有自我裂解的功能,将其作为连接肽构建携带有H5N1亚型AIVHA和NA基因的重组腺病毒表达载体,进而为AIV基因工程疫苗的开发以及相关诊断试剂的开发提供依据。采用融合PCR的方法扩增出含有H5N1 AIV HA-2A-NA的基因,定向插入pAdtrack-CMV腺病毒穿梭质粒中,含有目的基因的腺病毒穿梭质粒pAdtrack-HA-2A-NA与腺病毒骨架质粒pAdeasy-1在基因工程菌BJ5183中进行同源重组,获得腺病毒质粒pAdeasy-HA-2A-NA,将pAdeasyd-H5经PacI线性化后转染HEK293细胞株包装出含有HA-2A-NA基因的腺病毒pAd-HA-2A-NA。结果表明,构建的含有目的基因的腺病毒穿梭质粒pAdtrack-HA-2A-NA和含有目的基因的腺病毒质粒pAdeasy-HA-2A-NA经PCR、双酶切及核苷酸测序测定无误。线性化后的pAdeasy-HA-2A-NA转染HEK293细胞包装成功获得腺病毒pAd-HA-2A-NA载体,经绿色荧光蛋白和RT-PCR分析证实,目的基因在该细胞中成功表达。本试验构建的含有AIV H5N1亚型HA-2A-NA基因的重组腺病毒表达载体,将为进一步研究开发基因工程疫苗提供病毒模型。     

C型产气荚膜梭菌β2毒素基因的克隆与表达

利用PCR技术,从C型产气荚膜梭菌染色体基因组中扩增了0．72kb的β2毒素基因,将纯化的PER产物与载体pGEM—T连接,转化至受体菌JM109中,经NcoI／Bam HI和Bam HI／Eco RI酶切鉴定及核苷酸序列测定证实,重组质粒pXCPB2中含有陡毒素基因。随后用Nco I／Bam HI酶切质粒pXCPB2,回收β2毒素基因片段,插入到事先经同样酶切处理的载体pET-28c中相应酶切位点,构建了表达质粒pETXB2,经Nco I／Bam HI和Nco I／Hind Ⅲ／Bam HI酶切鉴定及核苷酸序列测定证实,表达质粒含有陡毒素基因且基因序列和阅读框架正确。重组菌株BL21（DE3）（pETXB2）表达产物经ELISA检测和SDS—PAGE分析,重组菌株表达的β2毒素蛋白能够被如毒素抗体识别,其表达量占菌体总蛋白相对含量的13．26％。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒N基因和流感病毒HA基因的联合表达及应用

参照已公布的流感病毒血凝素基因(HA基因)及猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)基因组序列,设计并合成一对引物P1、P2,以RT-PCR方法扩增出PRRSV的ORF7片段(约410bp),其中含HA基因主要核苷酸序列(33bp).用BamH I、Xho I分别对扩增出的片段及pET32a质粒进行酶切,连接后构建了重组质粒pETHN并转化到BL21(DE3)宿主菌中诱导表达.用纯化后的表达产物与流感病毒血凝素单抗及乳胶建立了诊断猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)的乳胶凝集试验.检测结果显示该方法有良好的特异性及敏感性,与IDEXX公司ELISA检测试剂盒符合率达93.8%.     

肺炎支原体重组蛋白抗原的初步鉴定

克隆并表达肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma pneumoniae,Mp)P1黏附蛋白D-2区基因片段,进而对重组蛋白的抗原特异性进行鉴定。应用PCR技术获取目的基因片段,并构建含有目的基因片段的重组质粒,用重组质粒酶切图谱法、PCR扩增及核苷酸测序方法鉴定重组质粒。而后将其转入大肠杆菌BL21菌株,用IPTG诱导目的基因表达,用SDS-PAGE分析重组蛋白的相对分子量,免疫印迹实验鉴定其免疫反应性,并用ELISA实验测定重组蛋白抗原的特异性。结果重组质粒中的p1基因片段经测序后,与GenBank中p1基因核苷酸序列比较,其同源性为99.66%~100%;经SDS-PAGE分析,重组蛋白的相对分子量约为59 ku;免疫印迹实验和ELISA实验证实,Mp免疫血清和Mp感染患者血清都能与重组蛋白发生特异反应。研究中的含P1黏附因子D-2区基因的重组质粒已成功构建,其表达的重组蛋白具有特异的免疫反应性,初步ELISA实验证实,本研究获得的重组蛋白可用于临床标本检测。     

构建基于CRISPR/Cas9技术敲除ALOX5的质粒

旨在利用CRISPR/Cas9技术构建敲除花生四烯5-脂氧合酶基因(Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase gene,ALOX5)的重组质粒。设计合成3对靶向敲除ALOX5第六外显子的sgRNA,将其分别插入到CRISPR/Cas9质粒骨架pX458载体中,转化感受态大肠杆菌DH5α后挑取克隆,通过测序评估重组质粒是否构建成功。将构建好的重组质粒转染293T细胞,在荧光显微镜下观察转染效果,挑取转染成功的细胞,用试剂盒提取转染细胞基因组DNA,PCR扩增含敲除位点的DNA片段,用测序技术获得核苷酸序列,用DNAStar软件分析转染细胞中ALOX5基因敲除情况。测序结果表明2对双链sgRNA寡核苷酸已插入质粒,且序列正确,靶向ALOX5基因的重组质粒pX458-sgRNAs-ALOX5构建成功。其在293T细胞中的转染效率约为50%,用一代测序法未检测到sgRNAs的切割效果。初步表明利用CRISPR/Cas9技术成功构建靶向ALOX5基因的重组质粒pX458-sgRNAs-ALOX5。     

Interplay of the Czc system and two P-type ATPases in conferring metal resistance to Ralstonia metallidurans

Cadmium and zinc are removed from cells of Ralstonia metallidurans by the CzcCBA efflux pump and by two soft-metal-transporting P-type ATPases, CadA and ZntA. The czcCBA genes are located on plasmid pMOL30, and the cadA and zntA genes are on the bacterial chromosome. Expression of zntA from R. metallidurans in Escherichia coli predominantly mediated resistance to zinc, and expression of cadA predominantly mediated resistance to cadmium. Both transporters decreased the cellular content of zinc or cadmium in this host. In the plasmid-free R. metallidurans strain AE104, single gene deletions of cadA or zntA had only a moderate effect on cadmium and zinc resistance, but zinc resistance decreased 6-fold and cadmium resistance decreased 350-fold in double deletion strains. Neither single nor double gene deletions affected zinc resistance in the presence of czcCBA. In contrast, cadmium resistance of the cadA zntA double mutant could be elevated only partially by the presence of CzcCBA. lacZ reporter gene fusions indicated that expression of cadA was induced by cadmium but not by zinc in R. metallidurans strain AE104. In the absence of the zntA gene, expression of cadA occurred at lower cadmium concentrations and zinc now served as an inducer. In contrast, expression of zntA was induced by both zinc and cadmium, and the induction pattern did not change in the presence or absence of CadA. However, expression of both genes, zntA and cadA, was diminished in the presence of CzcCBA. This indicated that CzcCBA efficiently decreased cytoplasmic cadmium and zinc concentrations. It is discussed whether these data favor a model in which the cations are removed either from the cytoplasm or the periplasm by CzcCBA.     

高耐镉膨胀肾形虫种群金属硫蛋白基因的鉴定与诱导表达

为研究金属硫蛋白(Metallothionein, MT)对生物体抵抗重金属毒性的效应,获得一种具有镉高耐受性的膨胀肾形虫(Colpoda inflata)东北种群,该种群96h最高镉耐受浓度10 mg/L,其金属硫蛋白含量表现出与镉浓度、肾形虫种群增长率存在正相关关系。克隆获得金属硫蛋白Col-MT1基因,对基因序列和氨基酸序列特征分析表明,其为金属硫蛋白基因家族7a亚型的新成员。qRT-PCR实验证实, Col-MT1基因在60h、84h和108h三个时间点对5种浓度镉胁迫均上调表达,与镉浓度之间呈现出一定的剂量-效应关系。其分子调控机制还有待进一步研究。上述结果补充了原生动物MT基因数据库,为进一步揭示C. inflata MT基因的功能,以及应用于镉污染监测和环境修复奠定了基础。     

Cloning and Expression of cadD, a New Cadmium Resistance Gene of Staphylococcus aureus

A cadmium resistance gene, designated cadD, has been identified in and cloned from the Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pRW001. The gene is part of a two-component operon which contains the resistance gene cadD and an inactive regulatory gene, cadX*. A high degree of sequence similarity was observed between cadD and the cadB-like gene from S. lugdunensis, but no significant similarity was found with either cadA or cadB from the S. aureus plasmids pI258 and pII147. The positive regulatory gene cadX* is identical to cadX from pLUG10 over a stretch of 78 codons beginning at the N terminus, but it is truncated at this point and inactive. Sequence analysis showed that the cadmium resistance operon resides on a 3,972-bp element that is flanked by direct repeats of IS257. The expression of cadD in S. aureus and Bacillus subtilis resulted in low-level resistance to cadmium; in contrast, cadA and cadB from S. aureus induced higher level resistance. However, when the truncated version of cadX contained in pRW001 is complemented in trans with cadX from plasmid pLUG10, resistance increased approximately 10-fold suggesting that the cadmium resistance operons from pRW001 and pLUG10 are evolutionarily related. Moreover, the truncated version of cadX contained in pRW001 is nonfunctional and may have been generated by deletion during recombination to acquire the cadmium resistance element.     

Identification of RAPD markers linked to a gene governing cadmium uptake in durum wheat.

Temperature sweep gel electrophoresis in combination with random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis was employed to detect two markers for a single gene governing low cadmium uptake in western Canadian durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum). Analysis of progeny derived from a cross of the high cadmium accumulating cultivar Kyle by the low cadmium accumulating cultivar Nile resulted in linkage estimates of 4.6 (OPC-20) and 21.2 (UBC-180) cM. The closest marker (OPC-20) was shown to be useful for making low cadmium uptake selections from two other sources of low cadmium, 'Biodur' and 'Hercules'. The marker was further used to determine the genetic basis of resistance in 20 introduced durum wheat lines. Within this diverse range of germplasm the marker was correlated with cadmium contents as expected in all but two cases. Plant breeding selection for low cadmium genotypes is hindered by the high cost of chemical determination of cadmium content. Marker assisted selection for a low cadmium uptake gene offers an effective alternative.     

Aerobic sulfide production and cadmium precipitation by Escherichia coli expressing the Treponema denticola cysteine desulfhydrase gene

The cysteine desulfhydrase gene of Treponema denticola was over-expressed in Escherichia coli to produce sulfide under aerobic conditions and to precipitate metal sulfide complexes on the cell wall. When grown in a defined salts medium supplemented with cadmium and cysteine, E. coli producing cysteine desulfhydrase secreted sulfide and removed nearly all of the cadmium from solution after 48 h. A control strain produced significantly less sulfide and removed significantly less cadmium. Measurement of acid-labile sulfide and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicated that cadmium was precipitated as cadmium sulfide. Without supplemental cysteine, both the E. coli producing cysteine desulfhydrase and the control E. coli demonstrated minimal cadmium removal.