应用RAPD指纹探讨黄麻属种间遗传多样性及其亲缘关系

采用RAPD标记构建了黄麻属(Corchorus)植物10个种27份材料的指纹图谱,从119个随机引物中筛选出清晰且多态性高的25个引物,共扩增出329条：DNA片段,分子量在0．3～3．0kb之间,其中294条谱带具有遗传多态性,多态比率(PPB)为89．36％,平均每个引物扩增出13．16条带。用Biol D^ 数据分析软件,计算Nei氏相似性系数,建立了UPCMA聚类图。结果表明：(1)供试黄麻属15份野生种和12份栽培种具有丰富的遗传多样性,遗传相似系数在0．49～0．98;(2)在聚类分析中,当L1聚值水平D=0．785时,可将两个栽培种及其近缘野生种(C．capsulris和C．olititorius)与原始黄麻野生种划分为3个不同类群。反映出栽培种及其近缘野生种与原始野生种间有明显的遗传差异;(3)当L2取值水平D=0．850时,可将供试27份材料划分为10个以物种为单元的亚类群或个类,①即假黄麻C．aestuans(3份),②三齿种C．tridens,③梭状种C．fascicularis,④假长果种C．psendo-olitorius,⑤假圆果种C．pseudo-capsularis,⑥三室种C．tilacularis,⑦甜麻(新种未定名),⑧圆果种C．capsularis(9份),⑨长果种C．olitorius(7份),⑩荨麻叶种C．uriticifolius,结果与10个种的经典分类相吻合,揭示了种间的遗传差异性。其中圆果种C．cap—sularis与长果种C．olitorius两个种亲缘关系较近,与荨麻叶种C．uriticifolius种间亲缘关系较远;(4)非洲荨麻叶种C．uriticifolius和中国的甜麻(新种)、假黄麻C．aestuans3个种与其他种间的遗传差异较大,处在分子聚类树较基础的地位,为较原始的黄麻野生种;(5)非洲的三室种21C为三室种一个生态型亚种;采集于中国的黄麻野生种河南南阳的粘粘菜、福建漳浦的麻菜,云南开远的猪菜为3个不同生态类型的假黄麻;海南野生圆果为圆果黄麻栽培种的近缘野生种;漳浦野生长果、河南野生长果、马里野生长果为长果栽培种的近缘野生种,种内不同材料间遗传相似性较高,亲缘关系较密切;(6)在两个栽培种中,品种基因型相似性系数圆果栽培种高于长果栽培种。     

乌塌菜种质资源遗传多样性的ISSR分析

利用ISSR技术对48份乌塌菜种质资源进行遗传多样性分析。从60条随机引物中筛选出稳定性强、条带清晰且多态性丰富的9条引物进行PCR扩增,共扩增出103条谱带,平均每个引物扩增出11.4条带,其中多态性带85条,多态性位点百分率为82.68%。不同乌塌菜种质间遗传相似系数变幅为0.59~0.97,说明ISSR标记能够揭示材料间较高的遗传多样性。利用UPGMA聚类分析,ISSR标记能将48份乌塌菜品种完全区分开,48份乌塌菜种质被划分为4个类群,聚类结果与叶片颜色相关,为乌塌菜品种资源的研究利用提供参考。     

利用RAPD和ISSR标记分析青麻种质遗传多样性

利用RAPD和ISSR分子标记检测来自全国11个省(市)的48份青麻种质资源的遗传多样性,为青麻资源利用和育种提供分子生物学依据.在48份青麻种质资源中,17条RAPD引物扩增出191条带,多态条带比率为87.43%;9条ISSR引物扩增出82条带,多态条带比率为88.89%,扩增产物片段大小都在0.1～3.0kb之间.两种分子标记的结果呈显著正相关(r=0.80).基于UPGMA聚类,野生种和栽培种各自聚为相应的类别.     

不同龙眼资源遗传多样性的SCoT和ISSR 比较分析

应用SCoT和ISSR标记对36份龙眼资源和1份近缘种龙荔的遗传多样性进行分析。结果表明:12对SCoT引物共扩增出127条带,平均每条引物扩增10.58条带;15条ISSR引物共扩增出117个条带,平均扩增7.8条带。UPGMA聚类结果表明:SCoT标记和ISSR标记分别在相似系数0.672和0.685水平上,均可将37份材料分成6大类群,SCoT和ISSR标记均适用于龙眼材料的遗传多样性分析,如果将两种标记的数据进行综合分析,可以缩小单一标记的误差。研究结果为龙眼种质资源的保存和利用提供了重要的依据。     

用ISSR标记分析红麻种质资源的遗传多样性

为明确红麻种质资源的遗传多样性和亲缘关系,以20个国家的32份红麻(Hibiscus cannabinus L.)种质资源为材料,从90个ISSR引物中筛选出22个多态性引物对供试材料进行PCR扩增,最终选用条带最清晰、多态性明显的13个引物的扩增数据进行统计分析.结果表明:(1)13条ISSR多态性引物共扩增出谱带总数59条,多态性条带总数为47条,多态性条带比率达79.66%,其遗传多样性较丰富;(2)在切割线L1取值为0.73时,可将供试材料分为一个由22份栽培品种构成的L1-1大类群,以及由8份野生材料和2份古老地方品种构成的3个独立的个类和3个不同小类群.(3)当切割线L2取值为0.77时,又可将第1个大类群L1-1中22份栽培品种根据其亲缘关系,重新划分为I1、I2、I3、I4 4个不同的亚类群,各亚类群表现出明显的地域性特点.(4)聚类结果显示,红麻多数栽培品种之间的遗传差异较小,亲缘关系较近,其遗传多样性比野生材料明显狭窄.     

辣椒种质遗传多样性的RAPD和ISSR及其表型数据分析

用RAPDI、SSR分子标记及28个表型性状数据对辣椒属5个栽培种的13份材料进行了分析,结果表明:23条RAPD引物共扩增出209条带,平均每个引物扩增出9.09条,多态性位点比率为83.73%;16条ISSR引物共扩增出94条带,平均每个引物扩增出5.88条,多态性位点比率为79.79%.与RAPD相比,ISSR标记检测到的有效等位基因数(Ne)及Shannon多样性指数(I)、遗传离散度(Ht)和遗传分化系数(Gst)等遗传多样性参数都较大,多态性位点比例在亲缘关系较近的一年生辣椒(Capsicum annuum)种内较高,说明ISSR有更高的多态性检测效率,并且适合亲缘关系较近的种群间遗传多样性分析.基于RAPDI、SSR的聚类与基于表型数据的聚类之间存在极显著正相关,且都能将C.annuum与其它栽培种区分开来.     

菊科药用植物遗传多样性及亲缘关系的ISSR分析北大核心CSCD

本研究采用ISSR分子标记对菊科各属种质进行遗传多样性和亲缘关系进行分析,为种质资源的有效保存及分子鉴定奠定基础。采用ISSR-PCR扩增国家中药种质资源库保存的菊科40个属的40份药用植物,琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测PCR产物,NTSYS-pc2. 1软件对电泳结果进行多态性分析,UPGMA构建遗传树。此次实验筛选出8条引物,40份材料扩增出68个位点,多态性位点为68个,多态性位点百分率为100%,遗传相似性系数范围在0. 71～0. 91。UPGMA聚类分析结果表明在相似性系数为0. 75时可将这40种菊科药用植物分为7类。结果表明目前搜集的40个属材料遗传多样性较为丰富,选择的8个ISSR引物可进一步用于后续种质资源的分子鉴定。     

菊科药用植物遗传多样性及亲缘关系的ISSR分析

本研究采用ISSR分子标记对菊科各属种质进行遗传多样性和亲缘关系进行分析,为种质资源的有效保存及分子鉴定奠定基础。采用ISSR-PCR扩增国家中药种质资源库保存的菊科40个属的40份药用植物,琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测PCR产物,NTSYS-pc2. 1软件对电泳结果进行多态性分析,UPGMA构建遗传树。此次实验筛选出8条引物,40份材料扩增出68个位点,多态性位点为68个,多态性位点百分率为100%,遗传相似性系数范围在0. 71～0. 91。UPGMA聚类分析结果表明在相似性系数为0. 75时可将这40种菊科药用植物分为7类。结果表明目前搜集的40个属材料遗传多样性较为丰富,选择的8个ISSR引物可进一步用于后续种质资源的分子鉴定。     

西藏牦牛遗传多样性的ISSR分析

选用10对ISSR引物对西藏地区17个牦牛类群(或品种)共850头牦牛进行了PCR扩增,利用Popgen 32软件对数据进行统计分析。结果表明:10对ISSR引物共扩增出134条条带,其中多态性条带132条,多态性比率为95%,扩增片段的大小范围在200~2000bp。17个牦牛类群的平均有效等位基因数为1.498,Nei遗传多样性指数平均值为0.294,平均Shannon多样性指数为0.449,各位点遗传多样性存在一定差别,说明17个西藏牦牛类群具有丰富的遗传多样性。聚类结果表明,西藏牦牛大致分为3类:错那牦牛、江达牦牛、工布江达牦牛、康布牦牛、巴青牦牛、类乌齐牦牛、桑桑牦牛、嘉离牦牛、斯布牦牛和隆子牦牛聚为1类;丁青牦牛、聂荣牦牛、帕里牦牛、日多牦牛、桑日牦牛和申扎牦牛聚为1类;仲巴牦牛单独聚为1类。聚类分析结果与牦牛的地理分布大体一致。     

观赏南瓜及葫芦种质资源遗传多样性分子评价

利用RAPD和ISSR标记对28份观赏南瓜及葫芦种质资源进行遗传多样性分子评价。结果表明:12个RAPD引物和13个ISSR引物分别扩增出89条和93条清晰谱带,平均每个引物分别扩增出6.1条和6.2条多态性谱带,多态性比率分别为82%和86%。RAPD和ISSR标记检测供试材料的遗传相似性系数(GS)范围分别为0.31～0.99和0.33～0.99,ISSR(平均GS值0.68)检测多态性效果高于RAPD(平均GS值0.73)。利用UPGMA法基于RAPD与ISSR混合聚类,将28份观赏南瓜及葫芦种质分为3类,类群的划分与果实形状明显相关:第Ⅰ类群包括15份种质,为扁圆形、卵圆形、圆球形或圆筒状的早熟或晚熟果实;第Ⅱ类群包括11份种质,为汤匙形、梨形、扁球形或皇冠形的早中熟果实;第Ⅲ类群包括2份种质,为葫芦形的晚熟果实。     

用RAPD和ISSR检测的橡胶树野生种质和栽培品种的遗传多样性

用19个RAPD引物和12个ISSR引物对14份野牛橡胶树种质和我国的37份栽培品种进行了遗传多样性分析。RAPD引物共产生132条带,多态性带占88．6％,相似系数变化范围在0．432—0．947。ISSR引物其产生101条带,多态性带占87．1％,相似系数为0．505—0．941。平均基因杂合度分析表明野生种质比栽培品种具有较高的遗传多样性。根据UPGMA法对51份材料进行聚类分析,结果表明,ISSR分析中所有材料可分为2类：第一类为野生种质,第二类为栽培品种：而RAPD分析中野牛种质和栽培品种不能被分为明显的两人类。虽然ISSR和RAPD的聚类分析结果存在差异,但对两种方法进行的相关分析表明,他们之间仍存在极显著相关性,相关系数为0．574。品种PR107、热研217等一些栽培品种可以通过特异带在51份供试材料中被区分开。这些结果可以对橡胶树的育种上作起到一定的指导作用,同时RAPD和ISSR技术也是进行橡胶树品种鉴定和遗传多样性研究的有效手段。     

iPBS-Retrotransposons-based genetic diversity and relationship among wild annual Cicer species

Lack of requisite genetic variation in cultivated species has necessitated systematic collection, documentation and evaluation of wild Cicer species for use in chickpea variety improvement programs. Cicer arietinum has very narrow genetic variation, and the use of a wild relative in chickpea breeding could provide a good opportunity for increasing the available genetic variation of cultivated chickpea. Genetic diversity and the relationship of 71 accessions, from the core area of chickpea origin and domestication (Southeastern Turkey), belonging to five wild annual species and one cultivated species (Cicer arietinum) were analysed using iPBS-retrotransposon and ISSR markers. A total of 136 scorable bands were detected using 10 ISSR primers among 71 accessions belonging to 6 species, out of which 135 were polymorphic (99.3 %), with an average of 13.5 polymorphic fragments per primer, whereas iPBS detected 130 bands with 100 % polymorphism with an average of 13.0 bands per primer. C. echinospermum and C. pinnatifidum were the most diverse among species, whereas C. arietinum exhibited lower polymorphism. The average polymorphism information contents (PIC) value for both marker systems was 0.91. The clustering of the accessions and species within groups was almost similar, when iPBS and ISSR NeighborNet (NNet) planar graphs were compared. Further detailed studies are indispensable in order to collect Cicer germplasm, especially C. reticulatum, from southeastern Turkey particularly, from Karacada? Mountain for preservation, management of this species, and to study their genetic diversity at molecular level. This study also demonstrates the utility and role of iPBS-retrotransposons, a dominant and ubiquitous part of eukaryotic genomes, for diversity studies in wild chickpea and in cultivated chickpea.     

小苍兰种质遗传多样性的ISSR分析

利用ISSR(Inter Simple Sequence Repeat)分子标记对12份小苍兰(Freesia refracta)种质进行了遗传多样性分析研究。从34条ISSR引物中筛选出了12条适宜的引物。这12条引物中每条引物可扩增出5~11条DNA片段,共扩增了96个条带,其中多态性片段62条,平均每条引物可产生5.2条多态性片段,多态性条带比率(PPB)为64.6%。经NTSYS-pc分析,12份小苍兰种质间的遗传距离(GD)的变化范围为0.123~0.907,平均为0.442。根据Nei’s相似系数建立了UPGMA聚类图,在相似系数为0.56时,可将紫色花系的小苍兰种质与其它种质分开,形成两个组。结果表明,ISSR分子标记可有效地分析小苍兰种质资源的遗传多样性和亲缘关系,为小苍兰的杂交育种和新品种保护提供理论基础。     

烟草种质资源遗传多样性的IRAP和ISSR标记比较分析

采用IRAP和ISSR两种分子标记方法,对国内外28份烟草种质资源进行聚类分析,并对两种方法的结果予以比较。结果如下：（1）用IRAP方法对供试材料进行PCR扩增,共得到214条条带,其中187条具有多态性,多态性比率达87．4％。当L1取值0．495时,可将28份材料划分为3个类群;L2取值0．34时,又可将第3类群划分为3个亚类群和3个单一品种组成的独立个类;（2）用ISSR方法进行PCR扩增时,共得到334条条带,其中250条有多态性,多态性比率为75％。当L1取值0．41时,可将28份烟草种质划分为2个类群和2个独立个类Coker176、BaSmaUovina,第一类群（Ⅰ）为来自美国的两个品种RG11和K730,其它24个品种为第二类群（Ⅱ）;（3）IRAP和ISSR两种方法的相关系数为0．823（r0．01=0．478）,说明这两种方法的结果高度相关,均可用来进行烟草种质资源遗传多样性的分析。用IRAP方法得到的品种间遗传相异系数（GD）平均为0．423,高于ISSR方法,而且条带更稳定、多态性比率更高,更易揭示不同品种材料的遗传差异。     

Genetic relationship between Chinese wild Vitis species and American and European Cultivars based on ISSR markers

Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were employed to detect the genetic diversity among 70 grape accessions including 52 clones of 17 Chinese wild grape species, seven interspecific hybrids, 10 Vitis vinifera L. cultivars, and one strain of Vitis riparia L. A total of 119 polymorphic bands with an average of 11.9 per primer were observed. The unweighted pair-group method (UPGMA) analysis indicated that the 70 clones or accessions had a similarity range from 0.08 to 0.93, indicating that abundant diversities exist among these accessions. Based on cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis, all accessions could be divided into two major groups, the Chinese wild grape group, and the American and European cultivar group. The largest distance was found among V. riparia MichX, Vitis piasezkii, V. vinifera L. interspecific hybrid (Vitis binifera × V. labrusca) and the wild grapes native to China.     

Phylogenetic relationships between cultivated and wild species of the genusBeta revealed by DNA “fingerprinting”

Forty-one accessions of the genusBeta representing wild and cultivated species of all sections were analyzed by DNA fingerprinting. Four sugar beet minisatellite DNA probes revealed characteristic banding patterns with Southern-hybridizedBeta DNA restricted withHindIII. A total of 111 polymorphic RFLP bands were scored across all accessions. Cluster analysis based on genetic similarity estimates for all 820 combinations of accessions revealed the following results. (1) All accessions could unambiguously be identified by a characteristic RFLP banding pattern. (2) The sugar beet cultivars examined displayed a low level of genetic diversity; they showed high similarity toB. Vulgaris ssp.maritima but low genetic similarity to the other wild species of section I. (3) In most cases, the present taxonomic classification of the genusBeta was confirmed. Species of sections II, III, and IV were clearly distinguishable from those of section I except forB. Macrocarpa, which showed high similarity to wild species of section II. In a second experiment, 108 single-copy RFLP probes from sugar beet were Southern hybridized withB. procumbens DNA. A surprisingly low degree of homology (34%) was found. The results are discussed with regard to the taxonomic classification of the genusBeta.     

Genetic variation of the genus Kengyilia by ISSR markers

We investigated the genetic variation within 32 accessions distributed to 14 species and one variety by using ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat) markers.The results showed that genetic variation was relatively higher among the accessions.A total of 593 bands were amplified by 12 ISSR primers,of which 535 bands (90.2%) were polymorphic.Eleven to 80 polymorphie bands were amplified from each prime,with an average of 44.6 bands.The interspecies GS (genetic similarity)value ranged from 0.430 to 0.866,and the average was 0.620.Cluster analysis showed that all accessions could be classified into 4 groups by ISSR markers.The different accessions in a species were clustered together,but they had genetic variation in molecular levels.There was obvious interspecies genetic variation.Species with similar morphological characteristics and from the same areas or neighboring geographical regions were clustered together and had close relationships.ISSR markers are useful in analyzing interspecies variation in Kengyilia.     

RAPD和ISSR标记对水稻化感种质资源遗传多态性的分析

运用RAPD和ISSR技术分析水稻化感种质资源的遗传多态性。从供试材料中筛选到具有多态性的RAPD引物12条,ISSR引物7条。RAPD引物共扩增到85条清晰的多态性条带,多态性条带比率为69．4％。ISSR引物共扩增到34条清晰的多态性条带,多态性条带比率为53．0％。对两种标记结果进行UPGMA聚类分析,结果极其类似,呈极显著的正相关(r=0．74)。聚类结果表明,地理位置相近的品种聚为一类。部分具有较强化感作用潜力的水稻品种亲缘关系很近,表明控制其化感作用性状的基因可能是等位的相同基因。而部分化感作用潜力差异显著的水稻品种聚为一类,这是由于人类在长期高产品种的定向选择过程中,水稻化感作用性状不被注意而丢失,遗传基础日益狭窄的原因。     

野生狗牙根种质遗传多样性的SRAP研究

采用SRAP分子标记技术, 对采自中国四川、重庆、贵州、西藏四省区的32份野生狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)材料进行遗传多样性分析, 获得下述结果：(1)用14对引物组合共得到132条多态性条带, 平均每对引物扩增出9.4条多态带, 多态性位点百分率为79.8%, 材料间的遗传相似系数范围在0.591到0.957之间, 平均GS值为0.759, 这些结果说明, 供试野生狗牙根具有较为丰富的遗传多样性; (2)对所有材料进行聚类分析, 可聚为4类, 大部分来自相同或相似生态地理环境的材料聚为一类, 表明供试材料的聚类和其生态地理环境间有一定的相关性; (3)基于Shannon多样性指数估算了6个狗牙根生态地理类群内和类群间的遗传分化, 发现类群内遗传变异占总变异的65.56%, 而类群间遗传变异占总变异的34.44%; (4)对各生态地理类群基于Nei氏无偏估计的遗传一致度的聚类分析表明, 各生态地理类群间的遗传分化与其所处的生态地理环境具有一定的相关性。