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1.
为减少油松定植后的死亡率,在控制成本的基础上促进油松良好生长,该研究采用裂区实验设计方法,选取三个灌溉水平与三个园林废弃物有机肥施用量进行比较试验,通过测定油松树高、胸径、叶绿素及叶片养分含量指标探究灌溉和施用有机肥对油松林木生长的影响。结果表明:灌溉可以显著提高油松在胸径、树高、生理等方面的生长指标,树高和胸径在中水灌溉(A2)下的促进效果甚至高于高水灌溉(A3);试验处理1 a后,施肥对油松的生长影响显著,但三个施肥水平间的差异不显著;灌溉与施用有机肥之间不存在显著交互作用。综上可知,施肥和灌溉对油松的生长会产生显著的促进作用,从施肥和灌溉的效果并综合资源利用效率的角度考虑,少量施用有机肥,并以80 L·(10天·株·次)-1的灌水量在生长季(4月—9月)进行滴灌是较为经济、有效的油松生态林管护措施。  相似文献   

2.
陕西黄土高原油松生长状况及其影响因子分析   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
选择黄土高原榆林、延安、铜川、渭南、咸阳、宝鸡等地(市)269块标准地332株油松解析木数据,运用方差分析、多重比较、通径分析等方法,以分析陕西黄土高原地区油松的生长状况及其主要影响因子.结果显示:(1)陕西黄土高原油松20年时树高、胸径、材积平均值分别为(6.51±0.18) m、(7.56±0.28) cm、(0.020 4±0.001 8) m3;该地区油松树高、胸径分别在20年和45年后进入稳定生长时期,而材积在100年时仍处于旺盛生长阶段.(2)海拔、坡位、坡向及林分密度直接或间接地对油松生长产生显著影响,不同立地因子、林分密度条件下,油松生长状况差异显著.其中,海拔1 000~1 200 m的立地条件下油松生长表现良好且优于其他海拔区域,阴坡的油松生长状况优于其他坡位,密度以3 300~6 600株·hm-2之间最适宜油松生长.研究表明,黄土高原地区营造油松林应选择海拔1 000~1 200 m、阴坡下部、密度一般控制在3 300~6 600株·hm-2之间,并且在造林过程中以东南部密度大,西北部密度小;阴坡、半阴坡密度大,半阳坡、阳坡密度小;坡中下部密度大、坡中上部密度小为原则.  相似文献   

3.
West、Brown和Enquist提出的树木水分传导的分形网络模型(简称WBE模型)认为,树木连续分枝之间的导管或管胞直径按照一定的比率均匀变细,其总的水力阻力与水分传导的路径长度无关,从而使不同部位叶片获得基本相当的水分供应。该模型对树木高生长的水力限制假说提出了置疑。为了验证WBE模型中树木导管或管胞均匀变细的假说,该文研究了云南哀牢山中湿性常绿阔叶林中6种常绿阔叶树, 腾冲栲(Castanopsis wattii)、景东石砾(Lithocarpus chintungensis)、木果石砾(L. xylocarpus)、长尾青冈(Cyclobalanopsis stewardiana)、滇木荷(Schima noronhae)和舟柄茶(Hartia sinensis)木质部解剖特征随树高和年龄的变化。对这6个树种共14株样木进行了不同高度树干圆盘和边材生长轮取样,样木的高度为15~25 m,按照常规木材解剖的处理和分析方法,在显微镜下测定木材切片的导管直径和密度等特征。结果表明:在14株样木中,有4株树木导管直径随树木高度增加呈线性减小, 1株没有明显变化,其它9株树木导管直径在树冠以下的树干部分变化幅度较小或没有明显变化,而从树冠基部往上直到树木顶端导管直径显著减小。同一植株随着高度的增加,导管密度增加并且在树冠内增加更显著。有三分之一的树木导管占边材面积的比例随树高增加没有明显变化,其余树木导管占边材面积比在树冠以上有所减小。多数树木理论比导率在树冠以下没有明显变化而在树冠基部往上显著降低。在从髓芯开始往外的20~40个年轮范围内导管直径增加显著,但大部分植株导管直径在40个年轮后趋于稳定。不同高度圆盘导管直径随形成层发育时间的变化呈相似的趋势,并且相同发育年龄的导管直径没有明显差异。该文的研究结果说明,导管直径的轴向和径向变化一定程度上补偿了水分运输阻力随树木个体增大而增加的缺陷,但是6种常绿阔叶树树干的导管基本不按一定比率均匀变细,不支持WBE模型。  相似文献   

4.
光状况对油松苗生长和光合特性的影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
人们用藻类和农作物为材料对光与植物生长和光合作用的关系进行了大量的研究。 但是对木本植物,特别是对乔木的研究很少。油松(Piuns Tabulaeformis Carr.)是我国北方的主要造林树种之一,对它的光合生理生态学特性的研究鲜有报道。为了解它的光合性状和生长与光的关系,并为育苗和抚育等林业生产措施提供理论基础。本文就不同光质光量条件下生长的油松苗的光合性状和生长特性进行了研究。  相似文献   

5.
了解我国干旱半干旱地区树木木质部生长动态及其与气候因子之间的关系;对于评估和预测气候变化背景下的森林生产力和固碳潜力十分重要。通过微树芯采样技术;在2个生长季(2019年和2020年)监测了宁夏六盘山自然保护区内4棵蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)年内木质部生长动态;并采用混合线性模型分别探索温度和降水对其生长速率的影响。研究发现蒙古栎的年内木质部生长动态在2 个生长季内无显著差异(P>0.05);均于4月初开始生长;9月中下旬停止生长;生长季长度为(177±17) d(2019年)和(165±24) d(2020年)。混合线性模型结果显示;蒙古栎年内木质部的生长速率与采样前7、10、15天的最高、最低、平均温及总降水量均呈现显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。全球气候变化背景下;宁夏六盘山自然保护区蒙古栎年内木质部生长可能受益于未来增温湿润的气候条件。  相似文献   

6.
木质部是植株体内水分传输的主要通路,其水力特性的变化会影响植株的水分关系和果实的水分积累。目前关于番茄植株木质部解剖结构和水力特性对水分和盐分胁迫的响应及其与植株生长和果实含水量之间的关系尚不明确。本研究通过日光温室番茄盆栽试验,设置3个处理:对照,土壤含水量(θ)为75%~95%田间持水量(FC),初始电导率(EC)为0.398 dS·m-1;水分胁迫,开花前θ为75%~95% FC,开花后至成熟期θ为45%~65% FC,EC为0.398 dS·m-1;盐分胁迫,θ为75%~95% FC,EC为1.680 dS·m-1,研究了樱桃型番茄(红宝石)和中果型番茄(北番501)植株在水分和盐分胁迫下的植株生长、果实含水量以及木质部水力特性的变化。结果表明: 与对照相比,水分和盐分胁迫下茎秆横截面积和木质部导管直径分别减小了22.0%~40.7%和10.0%~18.3%,茎秆比导水率和桁架柄比导水率分别降低了8.8%~41.1%和12.9%~28.4%,抑制了植株生长,减少了地上部鲜重、果实大小、果实鲜重和含水量,且与樱桃型番茄相比,中果型番茄的降幅更大。此外,果实含水量分别与茎秆和桁架柄比导水率呈显著正相关。综上,番茄植株在水分和盐分胁迫下木质部水力特性指标减小,生长被抑制,果实鲜重显著降低,最终导致产量降低。其中,中果型番茄相较于樱桃型番茄对水分和盐分胁迫更敏感。  相似文献   

7.
不同海拔高度对马尾松茎木质部结构的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
不同海拔高度对马尾松茎木质部结构的影响张大鹏(福建农业大学,福州350002)XylemStructureofPinusmassonionsStematDifferentAltitudes.¥ZhangDapeng(FujianAgricultura...  相似文献   

8.
为了解干旱对东北地区阔叶树木质部形成过程的影响,本研究以2年生盆栽白桦(散孔材)和水曲柳(环孔材)幼苗为材料,以正常水分处理为对照(田间持水量75%),分析了轻度干旱(田间持水量50%)和重度干旱(田间持水量30%)对其木质部解剖特征、茎内激素浓度及根系酶活性的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,轻度和重度干旱使白桦株高显著下降23.5%和27.0%,但对水曲柳株高和基径无显著影响。重度干旱导致白桦导管面积在处理中期(水分控制2个月)和末期(水分控制4个月)分别显著下降31.0%和33.5%,导管密度分别显著升高63.8%和47.8%,而水曲柳导管面积变化不显著,但导管密度分别显著升高66.1%和110.5%。轻度和重度干旱显著提高白桦(45.4%、35.3%)和水曲柳(26.2%、33.1%)的超氧化物歧化酶活性,但对过氧化氢酶活性的影响不显著。在轻度和重度干旱时,过氧化物酶活性在白桦中变化不显著,但在水曲柳中分别显著下降32.0%和25.0%。干旱使两树种茎内生长素下降。白桦赤霉素在干旱初期显著下降14.9%,后期趋于稳定;水曲柳赤霉素在轻度干旱时先升高后下降,重度干旱时无显著变化。干旱时,白桦脱落酸显著下降4.3%~14.1%,而水曲柳脱落酸显著上升7.4%~16.5%。综上,干旱通过调节激素浓度(如生长素)和抗氧化酶活性(超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶)影响阔叶树木质部形成及生长,其效应受树种材性、干旱强度和持续时间调控。  相似文献   

9.
不同纬度对鹅掌楸次生木质部结构的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对生长在北纬23至32度的鹅掌楸〖WTBX〗(Liriodendron chinense〖WTBZ〗 Sarg.)的次生木质部进行了比较解剖学研究。观察的特征有:导管分子的长度、直径、壁厚、梯状穿孔板横闩的数目;导管密度、纤维长度、直径、壁厚;射线的高度、宽度,单列射线的比例,射线的密度等。结果表明,随着纬度的增加,导管分子变短变细,壁变薄,梯状穿孔板的横闩数目减少;纤维也变短变细,壁变薄;木射线变矮变窄,单列射线的比例和射线密度增加。  相似文献   

10.
不同纬度对鹅掌楸次生木质部结构的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
对生长在北纬23至32度的鹅掌楸(Liriodendron chinense Sarg.)的次生木质部进行了比较解剖学研究。观察的特征有:导管分子的长度、直径、壁厚、梯状穿孔板横闩的数目;导管密度、纤维长度、直径、壁厚;射线的高度、宽度,单列射线的比例,射线的密度等。结果表明,随着纬度的增加,管分子变短变细,壁变薄,梯状穿孔板的横闩数目减少;纤维也变短变线,壁变薄;木射线变敌变窄,单列射线的比例和射线密度增加。  相似文献   

11.
以秦岭北麓南五台油松为样本,建立油松树轮宽度标准化年表(STD),研究油松径向生长与气候因子之间的相关性。结果表明: 秦岭北麓油松径向生长与前一年9月及当年5月水分因子呈显著正相关,与前一年11月温度因子呈显著正相关,与前一年10月、当年5月温度因子呈显著负相关。油松径向生长对不同气候因子响应均存在明显的滞后效应。油松径向生长与PDSI干旱指数具有较好的相关性,特别是与前一年9—12月、当年5月PDSI呈显著正相关。回归模型能较好地模拟树轮宽度指数与PDSI之间的关系,油松极宽窄轮的形成主要是干旱作用的结果。综合各种气候指标,PDSI能更好地反映研究区油松径向生长的特征。  相似文献   

12.
高山松(Pinus densata)是油松(P. tabuliformis)和云南松(P. yunnanensis)的天然二倍体杂交种, 是为数不多的与亲本种没有严格生殖隔离的同倍体杂交种。为了检测3个种在油松生境下的苗期适应性和生长发育特点, 为高山松成种机制提供数据, 选取了代表高山松及其亲本种遗传多样性的25个种群, 在油松生境下对比分析了苗期11个适应性指标和3个生长发育指标。结果表明, 大部分适应性指标和生长发育指标在种间和种内群体间差异显著, 主要变异存在于种间及种内群体间; 出苗率、2011年11月和2012年10月的封顶率、二年生苗在2012年10月的保存率等指标的种间方差分量较大, 种内变异较小, 是体现种间苗期适应性和生长发育状况的重要指标。油松在大部分适应性指标和3个生长发育指标上均表现最好, 总体适合度高于云南松和高山松; 云南松在封顶率和保存率上都居于最低值, 大部分一年生苗木到11月底仍未出现封顶现象且黄苗比例最高, 二年生苗的存活率为0, 表明云南松在油松生境下适合度最低; 高山松除了在紫苗比例上表现出超亲优势外, 大部分性状居于亲本种之间。此外, 位于青藏高原东北部的高山松祖先种群在适应性上表现较好, 具有在油松生境下发展的潜力; 而位于青藏高原西部的高山松种群及东南部的康定种群对油松生境的适应性较差。研究揭示出生态选择在高山松的同倍性杂交物种形成中起到了关键作用。  相似文献   

13.
    
Wood is an invaluable asset to human society due to its renewable nature, making it suitable for both sustainable energy production and material manufacturing. Additionally, wood derived from forest trees plays a crucial role in sequestering a significant portion of the carbon dioxide fixed during photosynthesis by terrestrial plants. Nevertheless,with the expansion of the global population and ongoing industrialization, forest coverage has been substantially decreased, resulting in significant ...  相似文献   

14.
Abstract

Biochemical changes in Angiosperms and Gymnosperms cell-walls during cellular differentiation in xylem. - During differentiation of the vascular cambium in xylem cells there are changes on the biosynthesis of cell-wall polysaccharides in angiosperms and gymnosperms. Pectins are synthesized during primary growth only, whereas the synthesis of hemicelluloses and cellulose increases markedly during secondary thickening; simultaneously the synthesis of lignin begins. The cells can modulate the synthesis of cell-wall polysaccharides by an induction and repression or an activation and inactivation of certain key enzymes. It has been shown that the major control operating during xylem differentiation is exerted on polysaccharide synthases. Further controls are envisaged on the transport of nucleoside diphosphate sugars from the cytoplasmic pool to the endomembrane, on the transport of neoformed polysaccharides through the endomembrane flow, and at plasmalemma level. It has also been emphasized the role of cell-wall in autoregulating its growth and differentiation.  相似文献   

15.
基于贺兰山地区98棵油松树轮样本的宽度数据、植被归一化指数(NDVI)数据以及土地覆被数据,采用VS-oscilloscope模型模拟的油松径向生长过程,研究植被冠层与树干形成层物候之间的联系.结果表明:林地冠层与油松形成层生长结束期(EOS)显著相关,且高于草地与形成层之间的相关.油松生长开始期(SOS)和EOS分别...  相似文献   

16.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Genetic analyses indicate that Pinus densata is a natural homoploid hybrid originating from Pinus tabuliformis and Pinus yunnanensis. Needle morphological and anatomical features show relative species stability and can be used to identify coniferous species. Comparative analyses of these needle characteristics and phenotypic differences between the artificial hybrids, P. densata, and parental species can be used to determine the genetic and phenotypic evolutionary consequences of natural hybridization. Twelve artificial hybrid families, the two parental species, and P. densata were seeded in a high‐altitude habitat in Linzhi, Tibet. The needles of artificial hybrids and the three pine species were collected, and 24 needle morphological and anatomical traits were analyzed. Based on these results, variations in 10 needle traits among artificial hybrid families and 22 traits among species and artificial hybrids were predicted and found to be under moderate genetic control. Nineteen needle traits in artificial hybrids were similar to those in P. densata and between the two parental species, P. tabuliformis and P. yunnanensis. The ratio of plants with three needle clusters in artificial hybrids was 22.92%, which was very similar to P. densata. The eight needle traits (needle length, the mean number of stomata in sections 2 mm in length of the convex and flat sides of the needle, mean stomatal density, mesophyll/vascular bundle area ratio, mesophyll/resin canal area ratio, mesophyll/(resin canals and vascular bundles) area ratio, vascular bundle/resin canal area ratio) relative to physiological adaptability were similar to the artificial hybrids and P. densata. The similar needle features between the artificial hybrids and P. densata could be used to verify the homoploid hybrid origin of P. densata and helps to better understand of the hybridization roles in adaptation and speciation in plants.  相似文献   

17.
  总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
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18.
19.
Xylem cavitation is a frequent event, but since resistance to flow does not generally increase in vivo, reversal must also occur even under negative potentials. We demonstrated that this can occur in excised wood. Our results suggest that refilling of cavitated tracheids at negative water potentials may result from a change in equilibrium between gas concentrations, water potential and surface tension at the embolism interface. Excised branch-wood specimens from small trees of Pinus sylvestris were dried on the bench to a range of relative water contents and then rehydrated in a permeability apparatus using ultra-filtered, de-aerated water as permeant. Water inflow and outflow were measured gravimetrically by recording the gain or loss from two reservoirs held on balances. Flow was induced through the specimen by holding the balances at different levels, while an overall negative water potential could be imposed by raising the specimen above the inflow/outflow reservoirs. Changes in water content of the specimen were calculated as the difference between inflow and outflow. The time-course data for both relative water content and permeability were fitted to an exponential function to give initial and final estimates and a time constant. Rehydration occurred at all imposed water potentials, but the speed of recovery was affected at lower potentials. Where drying of the specimen was more protracted, permeability was initially lower but also recovered during permeation. Both flow and de-aeration were necessary for complete rehydration. A model requiring new information on gas concentrations and transport coefficients is suggested.  相似文献   

20.
Gibberellin A4/7 (GA4/7) was applied in lanolin or ethanol around the circumference at the midpoint of the previous-year terminal of dormant Pinus sylvestris seedlings. After cultivating the seedlings under environmental conditions favorable for growth for up to 10 weeks, cambial growth was measured as the radial widths of xylem and phloem, and the level of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was determined by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using [136](IAA) as the internal standard. In intact seedlings, both 1 mg GA4/7 g?1 lanolin and 50 mg GA4/7 I?1 ethanol increased phloem production and the cambial region IAA level in the current-year terminal, without significantly altering its longitudinal growth. In the previous-year terminal, 1 mg GA4/7 g?1 lanolin promoted phloem production at the application point and increased the cambial region IAA level above this point, whereas 50 mg GA4/7 I?1 ethanol stimulated the production of both xylem and phloem at the treatment site and elevated the cambial region IAA level beneath it. Laterally applied GA4/7 at 50 mg I?1 ethanol stimulated xylem and phloem production in debudded previous-year terminals treated at the apical cut surface with 1 mg IAA g?1 lanolin, but not in those treated with plain lanolin. However, the promotion of cambial growth in debudded terminals treated apically with 1 mg IAA g?1 lanolin and laterally with 50 mg GA4/7 I?1 ethanol was not associated with an elevated IAA content in the cambial region. The results indicate that exogenous GA4/7 can promote xylem and phloem production provided an IAA source is present, and that it or a metabolic product acts directly, rather than indirectly by stimulating longitudinal growth and/or raising the cambial region IAA level.  相似文献   

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