共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 187 毫秒
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植物花瓣呈色的主要化学物质包括类黄酮/花青素苷、类胡萝卜素和甜菜色素。其中类黄酮/花青素苷是分布最广泛的色素,决定大多数植物花瓣的呈色;类胡萝卜素在一些植物黄色至橙红色花瓣中起着作用;而甜菜色素主要存在于石竹目植物,包含甜菜红素和甜菜黄素。目前,关于色素生物合成的分子网络已被解析,主要由一系列结构基因控制;一些与色素合成相关的调控因子在很多植物中被鉴定发现。另外,基于外源基因表达或内源基因编辑的分子育种在一些观赏植物的花色改良中被成功应用。本文系统性总结了植物中3种类型色素合成的分子基础、调控机制及分子育种应用等方面的研究进展;将有助于提高我们对植物色素合成分子调控网络的认识,并以期为今后开展花色分子设计育种提供理论支持。 相似文献
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环境因子调控植物花青素苷合成及呈色的机理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
花青素苷(anthocyanin)是决定被子植物花、果实和种皮等颜色的重要色素之一。花青素苷的合成与积累过程往往与植物发育过程密切相关,由内外因子共同控制。环境因子通过诱导植物体内花青素苷合成途径相关基因的表达来调控花青素苷的呈色反应。该文追踪了国内外相关研究,认为光是影响花青素苷呈色的主要环境因子之一,光质和光强均能在一定程度上影响花青素苷的合成,其中光质起着更为关键的作用;低温能诱导花青素苷的积累,高温则会加速花青素苷的降解;不同的糖类物质均能影响花青素苷的合成,大部分结构基因和调节基因的表达均受糖调控。关于花发育与花青素苷呈色的关系、观赏植物花色对环境因子的响应以及花青素苷抵御逆境的机理尚待深入研究。因此,综合考察花发育与植物花青素苷合成及其呈色之间的关系,特别是光周期对花发育的影响导致花青素苷合成及呈色的机理是花色研究的一个重要课题。利用环境因子调控花色将会极大地提高花卉的观赏价值。 相似文献
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环境因子调控植物花青素苷合成及呈色的机理 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
花青素苷(anthocyanin)是决定被子植物花、果实和种皮等颜色的重要色素之一。花青素苷的合成与积累过程往往与植物发育过程密切相关, 由内外因子共同控制。环境因子通过诱导植物体内花青素苷合成途径相关基因的表达来调控花青素苷的呈色反应。该文追踪了国内外相关研究, 认为光是影响花青素苷呈色的主要环境因子之一, 光质和光强均能在一定程度上影响花青素苷的合成, 其中光质起着更为关键的作用; 低温能诱导花青素苷的积累, 高温则会加速花青素苷的降解;不同的糖类物质均能影响花青素苷的合成, 大部分结构基因和调节基因的表达均受糖调控。关于花发育与花青素苷呈色的关系、观赏植物花色对环境因子的响应以及花青素苷抵御逆境的机理尚待深入研究。因此, 综合考察花发育与植物花青素苷合成及其呈色之间的关系, 特别是光周期对花发育的影响导致花青素苷合成及呈色的机理是花色研究的一个重要课题。利用环境因子调控花色将会极大地提高花卉的观赏价值。 相似文献
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《广西植物》2017,(12)
花青素是一种广泛存在于植物中的水溶性色素,在植物抗逆和预防人类慢性疾病中起着重要作用。花青素生物合成过程在模式植物中的研究较为清晰,其过程主要受多种结构基因编码的酶类及转录调控因子(MYB、bHLH和WD40蛋白)控制。此外,LBD基因家族中的LBD37、LBD38和LBD39基因对花青素的生物合成起负调控作用,microRNA和环境因子对花青素的生物合成过程也起到了调控作用。同时,茉莉酸、赤霉素和脱落酸等植物激素也参与了花青素的生物合成调控过程。近年来,随着人们对植物花青素研究不断深入,越来越多的研究结果揭示花青素合成途径的分子调控机制在不同种植物中存在很大的差异性和复杂性。该文对植物花青素的合成途径、相关酶和各种调控因子进行了综述,并概述了植物花青素合成代谢中基因突变与花色变异的关系,旨在为今后深入研究花青素的分子调控机制,解析其遗传规律以及利用基因工程开展作物遗传改良等方面提供理论依据。 相似文献
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花色是观赏植物的重要性状,创造新花色是花卉育种的主要目标之一。基因工程技术 在观赏植物花色育种上可弥补传统育种技术的缺陷,因此它在花色育种方面的研究和应用发 展迅速。本文从花的成色作用和花色素种类入手,介绍了花色苷的生物合成,并从花色基因 的种类和克隆、花色基因工程操作的策略和方法等角度综述了近年来观赏植物花色基因工程 的研究进展。同时对我国观赏植物花色基因工程的前景作一展望。 相似文献
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欧报春(Primula vulgaris)不同花色与色素关系及花色遗传初步分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了掌握欧报春各花色遗传规律服务于良种生产,通过对欧报春各色花进行色素吸收光谱和薄层层析分析,进行不同花色杂交研究,分析了欧报春各色花所含色素类型及各花色遗传规律。结果显示欧报春群体含多种花色素,单株也可含有多种花色素,形成多变的粉色、红色及蓝色花。黄色深浅主要由类胡萝卜素含量决定。白色对粉色及黄色为隐性遗传,黄色、粉色为显性遗传并有数量遗传特征,黄色与粉色独立遗传。蓝色为多基因控制的隐性遗传,并具有数量遗传特征。 相似文献
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Genetic engineering of flavonoid pigments to modify flower color in floricultural plants 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Recent advances in genetic transformation techniques enable the production of desirable and novel flower colors in some important floricultural plants. Genetic engineering of novel flower colors is now a practical technology as typified by commercialization of a transgenic blue rose and blue carnation. Many researchers exploit knowledge of flavonoid biosynthesis effectively to obtain unique flower colors. So far, the main pigments targeted for flower color modification are anthocyanins that contribute to a variety of colors such as red, pink and blue, but recent studies have also utilized colorless or faint-colored compounds. For example, chalcones and aurones have been successfully engineered to produce yellow flowers, and flavones and flavonols used to change flower color hues. In this review, we summarize examples of successful flower color modification in floricultural plants focusing on recent advances in techniques. 相似文献
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Engineering of the rose flavonoid biosynthetic pathway successfully generated blue-hued flowers accumulating delphinidin 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Katsumoto Y Fukuchi-Mizutani M Fukui Y Brugliera F Holton TA Karan M Nakamura N Yonekura-Sakakibara K Togami J Pigeaire A Tao GQ Nehra NS Lu CY Dyson BK Tsuda S Ashikari T Kusumi T Mason JG Tanaka Y 《Plant & cell physiology》2007,48(11):1589-1600
Flower color is mainly determined by anthocyanins. Rosa hybrida lacks violet to blue flower varieties due to the absence of delphinidin-based anthocyanins, usually the major constituents of violet and blue flowers, because roses do not possess flavonoid 3',5'-hydoxylase (F3'5'H), a key enzyme for delphinidin biosynthesis. Other factors such as the presence of co-pigments and the vacuolar pH also affect flower color. We analyzed the flavonoid composition of hundreds of rose cultivars and measured the pH of their petal juice in order to select hosts of genetic transformation that would be suitable for the exclusive accumulation of delphinidin and the resulting color change toward blue. Expression of the viola F3'5'H gene in some of the selected cultivars resulted in the accumulation of a high percentage of delphinidin (up to 95%) and a novel bluish flower color. For more exclusive and dominant accumulation of delphinidin irrespective of the hosts, we down-regulated the endogenous dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) gene and overexpressed the Irisxhollandica DFR gene in addition to the viola F3'5'H gene in a rose cultivar. The resultant roses exclusively accumulated delphinidin in the petals, and the flowers had blue hues not achieved by hybridization breeding. Moreover, the ability for exclusive accumulation of delphinidin was inherited by the next generations. 相似文献
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《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(9):1760-1769
The status quo of flavonoid biosynthesis as it relates to flower color is reviewed together with a success in modifying flower color by genetic engineering. Flavonoids and their colored class compounds, anthocyanins, are major contributors to flower color. Many plant species synthesize limited kinds of flavonoids, and thus exhibit a limited range of flower color. Since genes regulating flavonoid biosynthesis are available, it is possible to alter flower color by overexpressing heterologous genes and/or down regulating endogenous genes. Transgenic carnations and a transgenic rose that accumulate delphinidin as a result of expressing a flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase gene and have novel blue hued flowers have been commercialized. Transgenic Nierembergia accumulating pelargonidin, with novel pink flowers, has also been developed. Although it is possible to generate white, yellow, and pink-flowered torenia plants from blue cultivars by genetic engineering, field trial observations indicate difficulty in obtaining stable phenotypes. 相似文献
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Selective accumulation of delphinidin derivatives in tobacco using a putative flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase cDNA from Campanula medium 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Okinaka Y Shimada Y Nakano-Shimada R Ohbayashi M Kiyokawa S Kikuchi Y 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2003,67(1):161-165
Blue flowers generally contain 3',5'-hydroxylated anthocyanins (delphinidin derivatives) as pigments, which are formed only in the presence of flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylases (F3'5'H). Heterologous expression of a F3'5'H gene therefore provides an opportunity to produce novel blue flowers for a number of ornamental plants missing blue flowering varieties. However, our previous study indicated difficulties in obtaining good accumulation of delphinidin derivatives in plants expressing F3'5'H. Here we report the isolation of a putative F3'5'H cDNA (Ka1) from canterbury bells (Campanula medium) and its expression in tobacco. Surprisingly, compared with other F3'5'H cDNAs, Ka1 encoded a protein with a unique primary structure that conferred high competence in the accumulation of delphinidin derivatives (up to 99% of total anthocyanins) and produced novel purple flowers. These results suggest that, among F3'5' H cDNAs, Ka1 is the best genetic resource for the creation of fine blue flowers by genetic engineering. 相似文献
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The regulation of carotenoid pigmentation in flowers 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Changfu Zhu Chao Bai Dawei Yuan Shaista Naqvi Teresa Capell 《Archives of biochemistry and biophysics》2010,504(1):132-141