共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
在陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区,对阳坡、半阳坡的不同林龄狼牙刺的生长特征作了系统研究,调查分析了狼牙刺的株高、冠幅、树龄、物种组成、新枝生长量以及地上部生物量和叶量(以柠条为研究对照)等生长特征指标。结果表明:天然灌木狼牙刺的株高在1.50m左右,冠幅约2.0m×2.0m,平均分枝数约4.45。17龄、14龄、6龄狼牙刺地上部生物量和种群密度分别为21.0t/hm2,10000株/hm2;27.3t/hm2,4375株/hm2;6.8t/hm2,8750株/hm2;6、7、8三个月份是狼牙刺新枝的快速生长期,新枝年生长量大小顺序为14龄狼牙刺>6龄狼牙刺>17龄狼牙刺。流域内,狼牙刺个体地径基本保持直线生长,其种群处于旺盛生长阶段。林龄是造成狼牙刺地上部生物量差异的主要内因,而立地条件(土壤水分状况)的优劣以及种群密度则是影响狼牙刺地上部生物量及生长速率的重要外部因素。与柠条相比,狼牙刺在长期的生长发育过程中与土壤水分环境形成了更为协调的关系,表现出较高的土壤水分含量和多年地上部累积生物量,生长旺期盖度均能达到50%以上,应该成为当地造林树种的优先选择之一。 相似文献
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加强优良引种禾草植物的生态适应性研究对促进我国黄土高原半干旱区草地建设和草业科学发展具有十分重要的意义。比较研究了引种禾草柳枝稷(Panicumvirgatum)在黄土丘陵半干旱区不同立地条件下地上生物量的大小和季节累积差异及其水分利用特征。2001~2002年川地柳枝稷草地地上生物量达13000~16000kg/hm2,山地梯田和坡地为2300~2650kg/hm2。不同立地条件柳枝稷返青后的生物量累积过程呈二次或三次多项式。柳枝稷的绝对生长速率(AGR)在整个生长季内呈双峰曲线变化,川地柳枝稷草地的现存量和总量AGR最大值分别为158.93和169.83kg/(hm2·d),梯田分别为27.31和38.25kg/(hm2·d),坡地为37.0和36.69kg/(hm2·d)。坡地柳枝稷生物量较大值和AGR最大值出现时间最早。不同立地柳枝稷生物量相对生长速率(RGR)在整个生长季内呈双峰曲线变化,均以返青后的20d内最大,平均AGR以川地最大,坡地和梯田相近,但坡地两峰值高于梯田。不同立地柳枝稷草地土壤水分主要利用层次为0~2m,月平均含水量顺序为梯田>坡地>川地。川地柳枝稷叶片和整体生物量水分利用效率均最高,梯田整体生物量水分利用效率大于坡地,但二者叶片水分利用效率相近。川地和山地地表下5cm生育期平均地温均为17.60℃,但4~5月份川地地温高出山地1.2~2.8℃,川地4~10月份平均气温较山地高1.5℃,这些差异影响不同立地条件柳枝稷草地水分利用和生长进程。 相似文献
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研究了黄土丘陵区引种草种柳枝稷（Panicum virgatum)的光合生理生态特性。比较了不同叶位叶片光合速率（Pn)、蒸腾速率（Tr)、水分利用效率（WUE）的日变化以及环境因子的作用,结果表明,柳枝稷叶片Pn日变化曲线为双峰型,中午“光合降低”主要是由于叶温过高导致呼吸高引起的净化合速率降低,叶龄增大,叶片Pn日变化相对较平缓,其中壮龄叶Pn日变化最为平缓,幼龄叶Tr的日变化为双峰型,随叶龄增大（叶位下降）而成为单峰型。Pn日变化最为平缓,幼龄叶Tr的日变化为双峰型,随叶龄增大（叶位下降）而成为单峰型,WUE的日变化可划分为上午的降低和下午的波动2个阶段,最上充分展开叶（旗叶）的WUE始终最高。 相似文献
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准格尔黄土丘陵沟壑区杜松疏林特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对内蒙古准格尔黄土丘陵沟壑区天然杜松疏林进行了林分胸径、株高、密度和群落结构等的调查.结果表明:发育良好的杜松疏林具有明显的乔木层、灌木层和草本层,如杜松-虎榛子-日阴菅群落、杜松-黄刺玫-日阴菅群落、杜松-黄刺玫-黄囊苔群落;若干扰进一步减弱,它们会演替为辽东栎+杜松或油松+杜松群落;若干扰加强,杜松疏林会逆向演替为灌丛或草原,甚至为裸沟坡地.杜松疏林有高的物种丰富度,但生境脆弱,且林分平均胸径、平均高、密度均较小,故不适合作为用材林,应作为水土保持林和种源林加以保护利用更为合理. 相似文献
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以黄土丘陵沟壑区土壤的主要功能为依据,选取12个代表性土壤指标,采用因子分析方法析取控制土壤质量的公共因子,分析退耕草地土壤质量的演化机理.结果表明,退耕草地土壤质量的主要影响因子依次为土壤腐殖质因子、水土保持因子和力学因子.永久草地和退耕20a荒坡草地的表层（0～10cm）土壤质量最佳,且均随土层深度的增大而降低.农地40～50cm和0～10cm土层土壤质量最差,但其成因不同,前者主要是腐殖质条件差引起的,而后者主要在于较差的水土保持和力学性能.与农地相比,草地坡面的土壤质量和水土保持性能均显著增强,且荒坡草地的水土保持性能和0～10cm土层土壤质量均随退耕年限的延长而提高.退耕年限（3a）相同的荒坡草地土壤质量显著优于人工草地,但在水土保持性能上前者显著差于后者,这表明人工营造牧草植被不失为控制该区水土流失的一种有效途径. 相似文献
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对内蒙古鄂尔多斯黄土丘陵沟壑区不同群落中茭蒿种群格局及茭蒿生态位宽度和生态位重叠进行研究,结果表明:茭蒿种群在梁顶生境中随着撂荒恢复演替的进行,分布格局由随机分布转向小尺度聚集分布再转变为较大尺度聚集分布,与此同时种群空斑面积显著增加,种群领地减小;在沟谷生境中茭蒿种群则呈现典型的随机分布,种群空斑面积显著低于梁顶各群落,种群领地显著高于梁顶各群落.梁顶-沟谷生境梯度上,茭蒿的生态位宽度最大,表明其具有较强的资源利用能力,对环境的适应能力较强,可以广泛分布在梁顶和沟谷各种生境中;生态位重叠分析表明,茭蒿属于一个演替前期物种. 相似文献
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以黄土丘陵沟壑区典型小流域纸坊沟流域为例,利用当前气候状况和不同气候情景下的气象数据驱动植被净第一性生产力模型VSIM,模拟气候变化对黄土丘陵沟壑区植被净第一性生产力（NPP）的影响.结果表明：（1）流域NPP对温度升高比对降雨变化的反应更为敏感,土壤水分状况受降雨变化影响显著,温度升高后流域土壤水分也明显下降.（2）草本和半灌木群落的NPP由于温度升高降低最多,沙棘灌丛的NPP受降雨变化影响最为明显,而刺槐林、苹果林和柠条灌丛对降雨变化反应不敏感;（3）综合降雨和气温都增加的情况,流域NPP仍呈下降趋势,只有沙棘灌丛因降雨的增加NPP减小的程度明显降低;（4）大部分植被类型在降雨和温度升高后水分利用效率降低,只有沙棘灌丛和铁杆蒿群落在降雨增加后有所提高,除铁杆蒿群落外,降雨减少使得大部分植被类型的水分利用效率提高. 相似文献
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根据晋西离石试验站的观测结果和相关文献的数据,研究了黄土丘陵沟壑区植被对坡面小区、全坡面、小流域及中大流域4个空间尺度水沙关系的影响。对梁峁坡坡面小区言,由于植被提高了土壤抗蚀性,因此植被不仅通过减水来减沙,也通过改变水沙关系来减沙。但在全坡面尺度,土壤侵蚀以沟蚀为主,由于植被措施难以改变沟道的各种水利参数,也难以有效控制切沟沟壁的重力侵蚀,导致水流进入沟道后仍然可以获取充足的泥沙,因此认为植被不会改变全坡面尺度的水沙关系。同样对于各级流域,由于植被措施难以改变沟道的输沙能力和黄土丘陵沟壑区流域泥沙来源充沛的特点,因此植被措施也不会改变其水沙关系,植被的减沙效应仅通过减水来实现。对离石试验站的一对水土保持对比沟的研究表明,即使在沟道已有茂密植被生长的情况下,高含沙水流的输沙能力也没有改变,这使得两者的水沙关系统计上可以认为完全一致。由于大流域水沙关系主要取决于沟道或河道的特性,而植被等坡面措施很难改变沟道或河道特性,因此认为流域尺度越大,植被越难以改变其水沙关系。 相似文献
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为了探求各土壤养分因子对植被恢复贡献的大小．利用因子分析(Factor analysis)对黄土高原丘陵沟壑区退耕地植被恢复中的土壤养分进行了多元统计分析,定量研究了土壤养分环境对植被恢复的作用。结果表明：住所选取的6个土壤养分因子中,土壤有机质、有效N、全P和速效P对植被恢复的贡献较大．是限制该地区植被恢复的主导因素,其它养分因子的贡献相对较小。根据土壤养分因子间的相关系数,土壤有机质与全N和有效N呈显著相关。因此,在评价土壤养分因子对植被恢复贡献大小时．选取土壤有机质、氮和磷的含量作为评价指标,不但节省了时间和财力,而且有助于植被恢复的快速评价。 相似文献
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Xiangyan Han;Shanjie Tang;Xuan Ma;Wenwen Liu;Ruijuan Yang;Shuaibin Zhang;Ningning Wang;Xianwei Song;Chunxiang Fu;Rongxin Yang;Xiaofeng Cao; 《Plant biotechnology journal》2024,22(3):712-721
MiRNAs have been reported to be the key regulators involving a wide range of biological processes in diverse plant species, but their functions in switchgrass, an important biofuel and forage crop, are largely unknown. Here, we reported the novel function of miR528, which has expanded to four copies in switchgrass, in controlling biomass trait of tillering number and regrowth rate after mowing. Blocking miR528 activity by expressing short tandem target mimic (STTM) increased tiller number and regrowth rate after mowing. The quadruple pvmir528 mutant lines derived from genome editing also showed such improved traits. Degradome and RNA-seq analysis, combined with in situ hybridization assay revealed that up-regulation of two miR528 targets coding for Cu/Zn-SOD enzymes, might be responsible for the improved traits of tillering and regrowth in pvmir528 mutant. Additionally, natural variations in the miR528-SOD interaction exist in C3 and C4 monocot species, implying the distinct regulatory strength of the miR528-SOD module during monocot evolution. Overall, our data illuminated a novel role of miR528 in controlling biomass traits and provided a new target for genetic manipulation-mediated crop improvement. 相似文献
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Fu C Sunkar R Zhou C Shen H Zhang JY Matts J Wolf J Mann DG Stewart CN Tang Y Wang ZY 《Plant biotechnology journal》2012,10(4):443-452
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) has been developed into a dedicated herbaceous bioenergy crop. Biomass yield is a major target trait for genetic improvement of switchgrass. microRNAs have emerged as a prominent class of gene regulatory factors that has the potential to improve complex traits such as biomass yield. A miR156b precursor was overexpressed in switchgrass. The effects of miR156 overexpression on SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN LIKE (SPL) genes were revealed by microarray and quantitative RT-PCR analyses. Morphological alterations, biomass yield, saccharification efficiency and forage digestibility of the transgenic plants were characterized. miR156 controls apical dominance and floral transition in switchgrass by suppressing its target SPL genes. Relatively low levels of miR156 overexpression were sufficient to increase biomass yield while producing plants with normal flowering time. Moderate levels of miR156 led to improved biomass but the plants were non-flowering. These two groups of plants produced 58%-101% more biomass yield compared with the control. However, high miR156 levels resulted in severely stunted growth. The degree of morphological alterations of the transgenic switchgrass depends on miR156 level. Compared with floral transition, a lower miR156 level is required to disrupt apical dominance. The improvement in biomass yield was mainly because of the increase in tiller number. Targeted overexpression of miR156 also improved solubilized sugar yield and forage digestibility, and offered an effective approach for transgene containment. 相似文献
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Evans Mutegi Amy L. Stottlemyer Allison A. Snow Patricia M. Sweeney 《Restoration Ecology》2014,22(2):223-231
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a dominant, perennial C4 grass of North American tallgrass prairies with cultivars that are widely used in grassland restoration, pastures, and landscaping. However, these cultivars may be genetically dissimilar to small, remnant populations, raising concerns about altered genetic composition of native populations through gene flow. To address this issue on a local scale in Ohio and Illinois, we used microsatellite markers to characterize genetic diversity and differentiation of 10 remnant prairie populations (5 in each state) and 8 common cultivars. The bulk of genetic variation was found to reside within rather than among wild populations, consistent with the outcrossing breeding system of switchgrass. Genetic diversity was similar among the remnant populations despite large differences in area (approximately 2–2,590 ha), highlighting the importance of small native populations as reservoirs of variation and potential seed sources for prairie restoration. Cultivars generally had similar levels of variation to the wild populations, but we found clear genetic dissimilarity between wild and cultivated gene pools (especially for Kanlow, but also Trailblazer, Blackwell, Dacotah, Summer, and Sunburst cultivars). This suggests that using cultivars in local prairie restoration efforts may alter the genetic composition of wild populations. Whether such changes are deemed as negative depends on the cultivar under consideration and specific conservation goals for preserving native switchgrass populations. Patterns of genetic variation in remnant prairie populations and potential cultivar sources can be used to develop guidelines for restoration as well as future planting of cultivars for biofuels. 相似文献
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John H. Fike James W. Pease Vance N. Owens Rodney L. Farris Julie L. Hansen Emily A. Heaton Chang O. Hong Hilary S. Mayton Robert B. Mitchell Donald R. Viands 《Global Change Biology Bioenergy》2017,9(10):1526-1542
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) has been the principal perennial herbaceous crop investigated for bioenergy production in North America given its high production potential, relatively low input requirements, and potential suitability for use on marginal lands. Few large trials have determined switchgrass yields at field scale on marginal lands, including analysis of production costs. Thus, a field‐scale study was conducted to develop realistic yield and cost estimates for diverse regions of the USA. Objectives included measuring switchgrass response to fertility treatments (0, 56, and 112 kg N ha?1) and generating corresponding estimates of production costs for sites with diverse soil and climatic conditions. Trials occurred in Iowa, New York, Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Virginia, USA. Cultivars and management practices were site specific, and field‐scale equipment was used for all management practices. Input costs were estimated using final harvest‐year (2015) prices, and equipment operation costs were estimated with the MachData model ($2015). Switchgrass yields generally were below those reported elsewhere, averaging 6.3 Mg ha?1 across sites and treatments. Establishment stand percent ranged from 28% to 76% and was linked to initial year production. No response to N was observed at any site in the first production year. In subsequent seasons, N generally increased yields on well‐drained soils; however, responses to N were nil or negative on less well‐drained soils. Greatest percent increases in response to 112 kg N ha?1 were 57% and 76% on well‐drained South Dakota and Virginia sites, where breakeven prices to justify N applications were over $70 and $63 Mg?1, respectively. For some sites, typically promoted N application rates may be economically unjustified; it remains unknown whether a bioenergy industry can support the breakeven prices estimated for sites where N inputs had positive effects on switchgrass yield. 相似文献
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Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a US Department of Energy model species, is widely considered for US biomass energy production. While previous studies have demonstrated the effect of climate and management factors on biomass yield and chemical characteristics of switchgrass monocultures, information is lacking on the yield of switchgrass grown in combination with other species for biomass energy. Therefore, the objective of this quantitative review is to compare the effect of climate and management factors on the yield of switchgrass monocultures, as well as on mixtures of switchgrass, and other species. We examined all peer‐reviewed articles describing productivity of switchgrass and extracted dry matter yields, stand age, nitrogen fertilization (N), temperature (growing degree days), and precipitation/irrigation. Switchgrass yield was greater when grown in monocultures (10.9 t ha?1, n=324) than when grown in mixtures (4.4 t ha?1, n=85); yield in monocultures was also greater than the total yield of all species in the mixtures (6.9 t ha?1, n=90). The presence of legume species in mixtures increased switchgrass yield from 3.1 t ha?1 (n=65) to 8.9 t ha?1 (n=20). Total yield of switchgrass‐dominated mixtures with legumes reached 9.9 t ha?1 (n=25), which was not significantly different from the monoculture yield. The results demonstrated the potential of switchgrass for use as a biomass energy crop in both monocultures and mixtures across a wide geographic range. Monocultures, but not mixtures, showed a significant positive response to N and precipitation. The response to N for monocultures was consistent for newly established (stand age <3 years) and mature stands (stand age ≥3 years) and for lowland and upland ecotypes. In conclusion, these results suggest that fertilization with N will increase yield in monocultures, but not mixtures. For monocultures, N treatment need not be changed based on ecotype and stand age; and for mixtures, legumes should be included as an alternative N source. 相似文献
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本研究利用SCoT标记对96份柳枝稷种质的亲缘关系和遗传变异进行了研究。筛选出20条引物对96份供试材料进行PCR扩增,共获得445条带,其中多态性条带402条,平均多态性条带比率(PPB)达90.31%,多态性信息含量(PIC)为0.166~0.410,平均值为0.332,标记指数(MI)为10.20。遗传相似系数(GS)为0.498~0.912,平均值为0.688。表明SCoT标记能够揭示柳枝稷种质间的遗传变异。通过UPGMA分析表明,96份种质资源聚为高地型和低地型两大类。经POPGENE1.32软件分析结果显示:96份柳枝稷基因多样性指数(H)为0.285,Shannon指数(I)为0.431,表明供试的种质间遗传多样性丰富,遗传多样性水平高。经AMOVA 1.55方差分析揭示:96份柳枝稷生态型内的遗传变异占总变异的72.85%,生态型间遗传变异占总变异的27.15%,结果表明ScoT可用于柳枝稷遗传多样性研究,该研究结果可为柳枝稷种质资源的进一步开发利用提供重要信息。 相似文献
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Tezera W. Wolabu Yanqi Wu Zeng‐Yu Wang Million Tadege 《Plant, cell & environment》2016,39(10):2158-2171
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a perennial warm season bunchgrass native to North America, has been a target in the U.S. as a renewable bioenergy crop because of its ability to produce moderate to high biomass yield on marginal soils. Delaying flowering can increase vegetative biomass production by allowing prolonged growth before switching to the reproductive phase. Despite the identification of flowering time as a biomass trait in switchgrass, the molecular regulatory factors involved in controlling floral transition are poorly understood. Here we identified PvFT1, PvAPL1‐3 and PvSL1, 2 as key flowering regulators required from floral transition initiation to development of floral organs. PvFT1 expression in leaves is developmentally regulated peaking at the time of floral transition, and diurnally regulated with peak at approximately 2 h into the dark period. Ectopic expression of PvFT1 in Arabidopsis, Brachypodium and switchgrass led to extremely early flowering, and activation of FT downstream target genes, confirming that it is a strong activator of flowering in switchgrass. Ectopic expression of PvAPL1‐3 and PvSL1, 2 in Arabidopsis also activated early flowering with distinct floral organ phenotypes. Our results suggest that switchgrass has conserved flowering pathway regulators similar to Arabidopsis and rice. 相似文献
18.
准噶尔无叶豆是豆科无叶豆属小半灌木,在中国仅片断化分布于新疆古尔班通古特沙漠局部区域.该种自然种群种子萌发率极低(<3%),主要靠克隆繁殖维持种群.为研究克隆生长在异质性生境中的可塑性特征及其生态适应意义,对生境土壤含水量存在差异的两个准噶尔无叶豆自然种群(河边种群,沙漠种群)的分株种群特征、生物量及其分配比重进行了比较,研究发现:①在分株种群特征上,河边种群的分株显著高于沙漠种群,分株间距也显著大于沙漠种群.沙漠种群分株密度和根的密度显著大于河边种群,但每一分株拥有根的概率显著小于河边种群;②在生物量分配方面,河边种群具有比沙漠种群大的根生物量,但根茎生物量则要显著的小于沙漠种群;③在植株各部分生物量比重随植株大小的变化趋势上,河边种群各部分的比重随植株大小变化的趋势平缓,而沙漠种群各部分的比重变化趋势则较为急剧,表明河边准噶尔无叶豆分株种群随着植株的大小变化,资源分配比例并没有发生很明显的变化,而沙漠种群变化较大.结果表明,准噶尔无叶豆种群对所处生境水分条件存在可塑性响应,并通过分株种群特征变化和生物量分配差异应对水分条件的变化,形成自身的适应对策. 相似文献