武夷山米槠种群结构及谱分析

在武夷山自然保护区对米槠种群数量动态进行了系统研究,编制了静态生命表,分析了存活曲线和死亡曲线,同时应用谱分析方法分析种群数量的动态变化。结果表明,武夷山自然保护区米槠种群基本属于进展型或稳定型,幼龄级个体多,中老龄级个体少。不同海拔的种群密度存在差异,其中C种群密度最大;静态生命表显示,种群在Ⅰ、Ⅱ径级时死亡率较高,随着年龄增加,死亡率逐渐降低,但到了Ⅳ、Ⅴ径级,由于生理衰老死亡率又上升;种群期望寿命在Ⅰ、Ⅱ径级较高,随着年龄增加,期望寿命逐渐下降;不同海拔的米槠种群的存活曲线均接近于Deevey Ⅲ 型。米槠种群自然更新过程存在明显的周期。     

台湾相思种群生命过程及谱分析

以种群生命表及生存分析理论为基础,编制台湾相思种群静态生命表,绘制存活曲线、死亡率曲线、亏损度曲线、死亡密度函数曲线、积累死亡函数曲线和危险率函数曲线,分析种群生命过程。结果表明,台湾相思有1个死亡高峰,存活曲线趋于Deevey-Ⅱ型;并应用谱分析方法研究台湾相思种群动态,结果表明,在台湾相思种群自然更新过程中存在着明显的周期性。     

天目山自然保护区银杏天然种群生命表

以种群生命表和生存分析理论为基础,采用空间代替时间法和分段匀滑技术,编制浙江天目山自然保护区银杏天然种群特定时间生命表,绘制其死亡率曲线、消失率曲线、存活曲线和生存函数曲线,分析种群数量动态变化.结果表明:银杏种群结构存在波动性,趋于Deevey Ⅱ型,其成年阶段的个体较丰富;银杏种群死亡率和消失率曲线变化趋势基本一致...     

珍稀濒危植物长苞铁杉种群生命表分析

以种群生命表及生存分析理论为基础,编制珍稀濒危植物长苞铁杉种群生命表,绘制死亡密度函数曲线、危险率函数曲线及生存曲线,分析种群动态趋势。结果表明,长苞铁杉种群有２个死亡高峰,存活曲线趋于Ｄｅｅｖｅｙ－Ⅱ型。     

珍稀濒危植物南方铁杉种群动态研究

以种群生命表及生存分析理论为基础,编制南方铁杉种群静态生命表,绘制存活曲线、死亡率曲线、亏损度曲线、死亡密度函数曲线、积累死亡函数曲线和危险率函数曲线,分析种群生命过程。结果表明,南方铁杉有一个死亡最低峰,存活曲线趋于Deevey-Ⅱ型。并应用谱分析方法研究南方铁杉种群动态,结果表明,在南方铁杉种群自然更新过程中并没有表现出明显的周期性。     

广西大明山自然保护区蛇足石杉种群生命表及生存分析

为进一步探讨蛇足石杉濒危的机制, 以广西大明山自然保护区蛇足石杉种群为调查对象, 采用分段匀滑技术编制蛇足石杉种群静态生命表, 进行种群生存分析, 通过绘制亏损率曲线、存活曲线、死亡率曲线、生存函数曲线, 分析种群数量及动态变化。结果表明: 该蛇足石杉种群存活曲线趋于Deevey-Ⅱ型, 种群生长过程中在第Ⅳ龄级存在一个死亡高峰。说明在自然保护的情况下蛇足石杉种群的生存状况仍然严峻, 需适当进行人工保护并加强资源调查, 对优良种质进行异地保护。     

濒危植物水青树的种群结构与数量动态

以种群生命表及生存分析理论为基础,将林木依胸径大小分级,以林木径级结构代表年龄结构,采用分段匀滑技术,编制四川草坡自然保护区水青树Tetracentron sinense种群特定时间生命表,绘制存活曲线、死亡率曲线、消失率曲线、生存函数曲线,分析种群数量特征;同时结合时间序列模型,分析该种群数量的动态变化。结果表明：(1)草坡自然保护区的水青树的年龄结构表现为稳定型,虽然幼苗较多,但幼树死亡率高,种群处于衰退早期;(2)水青树种群死亡率和消失率曲线变化趋势基本一致,均在第Ⅲ龄级出现一高峰,即幼树死亡率较高;存活曲线趋于Deevey-Ⅱ型;(3) 4个生存函数曲线表明,水青树种群具有前期锐减、中后期相对稳定和末期衰退的特点,其种群处于衰退早期;(4)种群的时间序列预测模型分析表明,在未来9年水青树种群数量将下降,老龄个体逐渐增多,幼龄株数更显不足,呈衰退势态。     

木荷天然种群生命表分析

以种群生命表及生存分析理论为基础,编制的木荷种群特定时间生命表,绘制死亡密度函数曲线、危险率函数曲线及生存曲线,分析种群动态趋势。结果表明,木荷种群有3个死亡高峰,个体平均生存能力的期望在第3龄级最大;存活曲线属于典型的Deevey-Ⅲ型,种群前期存活数随龄级急剧下降,只有11%的幼株能进入第2龄级,而后期存活值波动不大。     

荒漠珍稀灌木半日花种群的年龄结构与生命表分析

根据对不同坡位的半日花种群的调查资料,分析了其年龄结构,编制了静态生命表,分析了存活曲线和死亡率曲线、损失度曲线,并利用生存分析理论进行了函数分析。结果表明：不同坡位的半日花种群存在下降趋势。幼龄级和老龄级个体少,中龄级个体多。不同坡位的半日花种群密度存在差异,坡上部种群密度最大,坡下部最小,坡中部居中。不同坡位半日花种群在Ⅰ龄级时期望寿命达到最大,并在Ⅶ、Ⅷ龄级时期望寿命出现波动;不同坡位的半日花种群的存活曲线整体上趋于Deevy Ⅱ～Ⅲ型之间;在第Ⅵ~Ⅷ龄级半日花种群死亡率较高,且坡中部和坡下部种群死亡率峰值比坡上部种群滞后一个龄级。生存分析引入生命表中的4个函数能较好地说明不同坡位半日花种群的结构和动态变化。     

山西灵丘天然青檀种群数量动态

青檀是我国特有的珍稀濒危植物,为了更好地了解该种群数量动态,保护该种群持续稳定发展,在山西灵丘青檀自然保护区内采用样方法调查了青檀种群,编制种群静态生命表,绘制存活曲线,死亡率曲线和消失率曲线,引入生存函数,运用种群动态量化分析方法对种群动态变化进行分析。结果表明：种群数量变化动态指数大于零,种群属于增长型,但种群在发展过程中存在波动性;存活曲线拟合结果表明种群趋于DeeveyⅡ型。种群死亡率和消失率曲线变化趋势基本一致,在第3龄级出现高峰。生存率和累计死亡率曲线在前期变化幅度较大,后期两曲线变化趋于平缓;死亡密度前期高于后期,而危险率随着龄级的增加不断增大。     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV     

Similar aerosol emission rates and viral loads in upper respiratory tracts for COVID-19 patients with Delta and Omicron variant infection

Highlights
1 Aerosol emission rates of Delta or Omicron patients were similar.
2 Viral loads in upper respiratory tract of Alpha, Delta and Omicron patients were similar.
3 Viral loads in upper respiratory tract of vaccinated or unvaccinated Delta patients had no difference.     

Recombinant human interferon-α1b inhibits SARS-CoV-2 better than interferon-α2b in vitro

Highlights
1) A comprehensive evaluation method for anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs was established based on RT-qPCR, TCID₅₀ method, and immunofluorescence.
2) A significant antiviral effect of rHuIFN-α1b was shown with EC₅₀=0.12 IU/mL in Vero cells and EC₅₀=0.52 IU/mL in Calu-3 cells, which was better than rHuIFN-α2b (EC₅₀=0.25 IU/mL in Vero cells and EC₅₀=2.48 IU/mL in Calu-3 cells).
3) rHuIFN-α1b has a good potential in the application of anti-COVID-19 therapy.     

Continued antigenic variation of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in laying hens in China, 2020–2021

Highlights
1. 13 strains of H7N9 viruses from laying hens in 2020 and 2021 were identified.
2. H7N9 viruses in China comprised at least 11 genotypes.
3. H7N9 viruses are high pathogenic in chickens, not in ducks.
4. The most H7N9 viruses cross-reacted poorly with H7-Re3 antiserum.
5. The H7-Re3 vaccine was unable to prevent H7N9 infection.