TGF-β1对AGS细胞上皮-间充质转化及体外侵袭的影响

目的观察转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)对人胃癌细胞株AGS发生上皮-间充质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)及体外侵袭的影响。方法将体外培养的AGS用TGF-β1干预后,倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态学的变化,MTT比色法检测TGF-β1对AGS增殖的影响,细胞划痕试验和Transwell侵袭试验检测细胞运动和侵袭力的改变;免疫荧光和Western blot检测snail、E-cadherin(上皮钙粘蛋白)、和N-cadherin(神经钙粘蛋白)表达的变化。结果TGF-β1诱导AGS向间充质细胞形态转化,低浓度促进细胞增殖,而高浓度时细胞增殖率逐步降低,且snail和间充质细胞表型N-cadherin表达上调,而上皮细胞表型E-cadherin表达下调,同时细胞运动和侵袭能力大大增强。结论TGF-β1可诱导AGS发生EMT,从而增加其侵袭、转移的能力。     

稳定干扰ITGB1抑制人乳腺癌BT549细胞迁移和侵袭

在人乳腺癌细胞系BT549中稳定干扰整合素β1(integrinβ1,ITGB1),研究其对乳腺癌细胞迁移和侵袭的影响。构建靶向干扰ITGB1基因的sh RNA慢病毒,感染BT549细胞,通过筛选成功获得稳定干扰ITGB1蛋白的BT-549细胞系,实验设空白对照组(Blank)、病毒感染阴性对照组(shNC)、ITGB1-shRNA慢病毒感染组(shITGB1);Real-time PCR和Western blotting法检测稳定干扰后ITGB1 mRNA和蛋白的表达情况;Western blotting法检测稳定干扰ITGB1后上皮间质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)相关标志蛋白(E-cadherin,Vimentin,N-cadherin,Fibronectin)的表达情况;利用划痕试实验和Transwell侵袭试实验分别检测稳定干扰ITGB1后细胞的迁移及侵袭能力。Real-time PCR和Western blotting结果显示,shITGB1组细胞ITGB1 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平显著低于Blank组和shNC组细胞(p0.01,p0.01)。Western blotting结果显示,稳定干扰ITGB1可部分逆转乳腺癌细胞BT549的EMT化;稳定干扰ITGB1后,上皮标志蛋白E-cadherin表达显著上调(p0.01),间质标志蛋白Vimentin(p0.05)、N-cadherin(p0.01)和Fibronectin(p0.01)的表达显著降低。划痕和Transwell侵袭试验实验结果显示,稳定干扰ITGB1后可显著降低乳腺癌细胞的迁移及侵袭能力(p0.05,p0.05)。在乳腺癌BT549细胞中稳定干扰ITGB1后,通过逆转EMT化抑制细胞迁移和侵袭。     

NID1促进人卵巢癌细胞OVCAR-3侵袭转移及分子机制的研究

Nidogen-1(NID1)是新发现的一个候选卵巢癌诊断标志物,该研究旨在初探其在卵巢癌细胞中的生物学功能。首先构建稳定过表达外源NID1的人卵巢癌细胞系OVCAR-3,然后采用划痕实验和Transwell迁移和侵袭实验检测细胞的迁移侵袭能力,并通过荧光定量PCR和Western blot检测细胞中上皮–间质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)相关蛋白和ERK/MAPK通路蛋白的表达情况。结果显示,与空载细胞相比,稳定过表达NID1的OVCAR-3细胞其划痕愈合能力、细胞迁移和侵袭能力均明显增强。较之空载细胞的上皮细胞样外形,稳定过表达NID1的OVCAR-3细胞呈间质细胞样外形,其上皮细胞标志分子E-cadherin表达下调,间质细胞标志分子(包括Vimentin和N-cadherin)和EMT相关转录因子Twist-2表达上调。此外,稳定过表达NID1的OVCAR-3细胞中ERK1/2的磷酸化水平升高,经ERK/MAPK通路的抑制剂U0126下调ERK1/2的磷酸化水平后其Ecadherin、Vimentin、N-cadherin和Twist-2表达水平出现逆转。这些结果提示,NID1可能通过激活ERK/MAPK通路促进卵巢癌细胞的EMT过程,进而增强其侵袭转移的能力。     

沉默FOXQ1可逆转SW480细胞的上皮-间质转化

FOXQ1是FOX家族的的重要成员之一,其参与了多种人类肿瘤的上皮间质转化(epithelial- mesenchymal transition,EMT).本研究设计合成了FOXQ1基因的shRNA（short hairpin RNA）,用此转染SW480细胞,通过显微镜观察细胞形态,Transwell小室、细胞黏附试验检测转移能力及黏附能力,以探索FOXQ1与结直肠癌细胞EMT的关系.结果显示,沉默FOXQ1后,SW480细胞顶底极性及细胞间紧密连接增加,侵袭、迁移的细胞数目减少,同种黏附能力增加,异种黏附能力降低.进一步的机制研究表明,沉默FOXQ1基因可以导致SW480细胞的上皮标志因子E-cadherin表达显著增高,而间质细胞标志因子N-cadherin、Vimentin及MMP2表达均降低.以上结果表明,沉默FOXQ1基因可以逆转SW480细胞EMT,其机制可能与E-cadherin的上调和N cadherin、Vimentin、MMP2的下调有关,这为进一步研究FOXQ1在结直肠癌发生发展中的作用提供实验基础.     

靶向沉默HIF-1α信号通路抑制百草枯中毒诱导的肺泡上皮细胞上皮间质转化

目的:探讨HIF-1α信号通路在百草枯(paraquat,PQ)诱导大鼠Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞上皮间质转化(Epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)中的作用机制。方法:使用20μmol/L浓度的百草枯溶剂对大鼠Ⅱ型肺泡上皮RLE-6TN细胞干预24 h,随后在倒置光学显微镜观察各组细胞形态学变化;用real-time PCR与Western blot法检测RLE-6TN细胞中HIF-1α、上皮表型标记蛋白E-cadherin及间质表型标记蛋白Vimentin的表达,Transwell侵袭实验检测各处理组细胞侵袭能力的改变;使用HIF-1α靶向si RNA抑制其表达后,进一步采用RT-PCR和Western blot检测HIF-1α、E-cadherin和Vimentin的表达水平,Transwell法检测细胞侵袭能力变化。结果:体外百草枯溶液可显著诱导大鼠Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞RLE-6TN细胞HIF-1α表达升高和上皮间质转化的发生,同时细胞的体外侵袭能力也增强。靶向沉默HIF-1α基因后,百草枯诱导的上皮间质转化过程被逆转,同时细胞侵袭能力显著减弱。结论:百草枯通过调控HIF-1α信号通路来诱导RLE-6TN细胞上皮间质转化的发生,进而促进肺纤维化的形成。     

丝甘蛋白聚糖促进非小细胞肺癌的侵袭与转移

丝甘蛋白聚糖(serglycin,SRGN)在肿瘤细胞的侵袭与转移中具有广泛的研究前景。本研究报道SRGN与肺癌细胞侵袭与转移能力之间的相关性。首先,通过检测SRGN在正常肺上皮细胞株BEAS-2B及不同侵袭与转移能力的肺癌细胞株95C、95D中的表达差异。利用shRNA干扰技术,在侵袭与转移能力强的95D细胞中建立稳定干扰SRGN表达的95D/shSRGN的细胞株,并通过RT-qPCR、Western印迹、酶联免疫吸附测定验证其敲除效率。结果显示：干扰SRGN可抑制侵袭与转移性强的95D细胞的侵袭与转移能力,减弱细胞迁移与侵袭等生物学特性,导致上皮标志物上皮细胞钙黏连蛋白（E-cadherin）表达上调,间质标志物纤维连接蛋白1（fibronectin1, FN1）及EMT（epithelial-mesenchymal transition, EMT）相关转录因子锌指E盒结合同源框1（zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1, ZEB1）表达下调。进一步分析发现, SRGN与上皮细胞钙黏连蛋白表达成负相关（P=-0.25）,而与FN1(P=0.12)及ZEB1(P=0.35)表达成正相关,并且SRGN高表达的患者总生存时间明显少于SRGN低表达组（P=0.0077）,SRGN与ZEB1同时高表达的患者,总生存时间显著小于SRGN与ZEB1低表达患者（P=0.0005）。研究结果证实,SRGN促进上皮间质转化发生,增强非小细胞肺癌的侵袭与转移能力,为非小细胞肺癌预后提供参考。     

线粒体分裂蛋白FIS1通过诱导上皮间质转化促进肝癌侵袭与迁移

目的:研究线粒体分裂蛋白1(Mitochondrial fission protein 1,FIS1)介导的线粒体分裂对肝癌细胞侵袭与迁移的调控作用与机制。方法:采用免疫组化实验比较10对肝癌原发灶与转移灶组织中FIS1表达,以明确FIS1与肝癌转移的关系。通过si RNA干扰FIS1的表达后,用Transwell实验检测肝癌细胞迁移与侵袭能力的变化,q PCR与Western Blot检测上皮间质转化标志分子上皮型钙黏蛋白(epithelia cadherin,E-cadherin)、紧密连接蛋白(zonula occludens-1,ZO-1)、神经型钙黏蛋白(neural cadherin,N-cadherin)、波形蛋白Vimentin的表达。结果:肝癌转移灶组织中FIS1的表达显著高于原发灶组织。干扰FIS1表达后,肝癌细胞迁移和侵袭能力均明显下降,细胞上皮间质转化标志蛋白E-cadherin和ZO-1的表达上调,而N-cadherin和Vimentin的表达下调。结论:线粒体分裂蛋白FIS1在肝癌转移灶组织中高表达,并可能通过调节细胞上皮间质转化促进肝癌细胞转移。     

TRPM3通过Wnt/β-catenin信号通路诱导上皮性卵巢癌细胞上皮间质转化的作用研究

目的:探讨瞬时受体电位离子通道3(Transient receptor potential melastatin 3,TRPM3)对卵巢癌侵袭转移和上皮细胞间质转化(Epithelial mesenchymal transition,EMT)的影响及其分子作用机制。方法:采用小干扰RNA沉默上皮性卵巢癌细胞株中HEY及SKOV3中TRPM3的表达,通过Transwell实验和划痕实验检测上皮性卵巢癌细胞的侵袭和迁移能力的变化,Western Blot检测EMT相关蛋白、Wnt/β-catenin通路相关蛋白的表达情况。结果:与对照组细胞相比,干扰组的上皮性卵巢癌细胞迁移和侵袭能力均明显减弱,EMT相关蛋白的上皮细胞标志分子E-cadherin的表达上调,间质细胞标志分子N-cadherin和EMT相关转录调控因子Snail的表达下调,Wnt/β-catenin通路相关蛋白CyclinD1、β-catenin的表达下调。结论:TRPM3可能通过激活Wnt/β-catenin通路促进卵巢癌细胞的上皮间质转化过程,进而增强其侵袭转移的能力。     

DZNep通过上调miR-200c表达延缓MGC-803胃癌细胞侵袭和迁移过程

本文旨在研究组蛋白甲基化修饰调控对胃癌细胞mi R-200c的表达调节以及对癌细胞的侵袭和迁移的作用。组蛋白甲基转移酶抑制剂DZNep(2.5μmol/L)处理MGC-803胃癌细胞系,用实时定量PCR(q RT-PCR)检测细胞mi R-200c的表达变化,用Western blot检测上皮间质转化相关蛋白、EZH2、EED、SUZ12、H3K27me3及MMP9的蛋白表达变化,用细胞划痕实验和Transwell法检测细胞迁移和侵袭。结果显示,与对照(DMSO处理)组相比,DZNep(2.5μmol/L)处理的MGC-803肿瘤细胞mi R-200c基因的表达显著提高,ZEB1、ZEB2、N-cadherin的表达显著下调,E-cadherin的表达上调,EZH2、EED、SUZ12、H3K27me3及MMP9的表达均显著降低,细胞迁移、侵袭能力均减弱。以上结果提示,DZNep通过上调mi R-200c的表达延缓胃癌细胞侵袭、迁移过程,其机制涉及对上皮间质转化相关蛋白和PRC2(polycomb repressive complex 2)的表达调节。     

miR-21对TGF-β1诱导的肾小管上皮细胞间质转分化的影响

目的:观察miR-21在转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)诱导的人肾小管上皮细胞(HK-2细胞)上皮间质转分化(EMT)中的作用,并探讨miR-21参与调控HK-2细胞EMT的可能靶点。方法:体外培养的HK-2细胞分为6组:正常对照组、转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)模型组、miR-21 mimic阴性组、miR-21 mimic组、miR-21 inhibitor阴性组和miR-21 inhibitor组。细胞经4 ng/ml TGF-β1处理建立EMT模型,检测miR-21和EMT相关指标的表达变化,利用基因转染技术,将miR-21 mimic质粒或miR-21 inhibitor质粒转染经TGF-β1处理的HK-2细胞,使细胞过表达或抑制表达miR-21,在此基础上观察细胞EMT相关指标的变化以及磷酸酯酶(PTEN)基因的影响。结果:(1)与正常组相比,模型组的miR-21含量显著升高(P0.05),上皮表型标志物E-cadherin的mRNA和蛋白表达水平均显著降低(P0.01),间质表型标志物α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)mRNA和蛋白水平也显著升高(P0.05,P0.01);(2)转染miR-21 mimic后,与miR-21 mimic阴性对照组相比,miR-21含量显著升高(P0.01),PTEN、E-cadherin的mRNA和蛋白水平显著降低(P0.05,P0.01),α-SMA mRNA和蛋白水平显著升高(P0.05,P0.01);转染miR-21 inhibitor后,与miR-21 inhibitor阴性对照组相比,miR-21含量显著降低(P0.01),PTEN、E-cadherin的mRNA和蛋白含量显著升高(P0.05,P0.01),α-SMA mRNA、蛋白水平显著降低(P0.05,P0.01)。结论:miR-21在TGF-β1诱导的HK-2细胞EMT发生中具有重要作用,并且可能通过靶基因PTEN参与EMT相关分子的表达调控。     

Silence of lncRNA UCA1 rescues drug resistance of cisplatin to non–small-cell lung cancer cells

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) urogenital carcinoma antigen 1 (UCA1) on drug resistance in A549/DDP cell and explore its underlying mechanism. The inhibition rate and IC ₅₀ of DDP were detected in A549 and A549/DDP cells by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. The expression of lncRNA UCA1 was measured in A549 and A549/DDP cells by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The expressions of N-cadherin, E-cadherin, vimentin, and Snail were detected in A549 and A549/DDP cells by Western blot analysis. Results showed that the IC ₅₀ of DDP was 16.20 ± 2.27 μmol/L and 69.72 ± 4.83 μmol/L in A549 and A549/ DDP cells, respectively. Compared with the A549 group, the expressions of N-cadherin, vimentin, and Snail was significantly upregulated in A549/DDP group, but E-cadherin was significantly downregulated. Compared with the shCon group, the abundance of N-cadherin, vimentin, and Snail was significantly downregulated in short hairpin RNA UCA1 (shUCA1) group, while E-cadherin was significantly upregulated. Cell migration and invasion were significantly suppressed and IC ₅₀ was reversed to 16.20 ± 2.27 μmol/L in the shUCA1 group. Silencing lncRNA UCA1 inhibited the migration and invasion of A549/DDP cells and reversed the resistance of A549/DDP cells to DDP. The mechanism might be related to downregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which will provide a new direction for the treatment of non–small-cell lung cancer with cisplatin.     

ZEB1 Enhances Transendothelial Migration and Represses the Epithelial Phenotype of Prostate Cancer Cells

Metastatic colonization involves cancer cell lodgment or adherence in the microvasculature and subsequent migration of those cells across the endothelium into a secondary organ site. To study this process further, we analyzed transendothelial migration of human PC-3 prostate cancer cells in vitro. We isolated a subpopulation of cells, TEM4-18, that crossed an endothelial barrier more efficiently, but surprisingly, were less invasive than parental PC-3 cells in other contexts in vitro. Importantly, TEM4-18 cells were more aggressive than PC-3 cells in a murine metastatic colonization model. Microarray and FACS analysis of these cells showed that the expression of many genes previously associated with leukocyte trafficking and cancer cell extravasation were either unchanged or down-regulated. Instead, TEM4-18 cells exhibited characteristic molecular markers of an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), including frank loss of E-cadherin expression and up-regulation of the E-cadherin repressor ZEB1. Silencing ZEB1 in TEM4-18 cells resulted in increased E-cadherin and reduced transendothelial migration. TEM4-18 cells also express N-cadherin, which was found to be necessary, but not sufficient for increased transendothelial migration. Our results extend the role of EMT in metastasis to transendothelial migration and implicate ZEB1 and N-cadherin in this process in prostate cancer cells.     

卵巢癌组织中UHRF1蛋白的表达及其与卵巢癌细胞增殖和侵袭的关系

目的:研究卵巢癌组织中泛素样含PHD和环指域1(Ubiquitin-like with PHD and ring finger domains 1,UHRF1)蛋白的表达及UHRF1对卵巢癌细胞增殖、侵袭的影响。方法:选取卵巢癌组织和癌旁正常组织,采用蛋白印迹法(Western blot)检测其UHRF1的蛋白表达。体外培养卵巢癌SKOV-3细胞株,分别转染UHRF1的si RNA和阴性对照si RNA,采用CCK-8检测细胞活力,Transwell检测细胞侵袭能力,荧光定量聚合酶链式反应法(FQ-PCR)检测Cyclin D1、CDK6、MMP2和MMP9的m RNA表达。结果:卵巢癌组织中UHRF1蛋白表达水平显著高于癌旁正常组织(P0.05);与转染阴性对照si RNA的SKOV-3细胞相比,转染UHRF1的si RNA的SKOV-3细胞活力明显降低、侵袭细胞数目明显减少(P0.05),且细胞中Cyclin D1、CDK6、MMP2和MMP9基因的m RNA表达水平显著降低(P0.05)。结论:UHRF1蛋白在卵巢癌组织中呈高表达状态,且可促进卵巢癌细胞的增殖和侵袭。     

Resolvin D1 inhibits TGF-β1-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition of A549 lung cancer cells via lipoxin A4 receptor/formyl peptide receptor 2 and GPR32

Epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) is a key event for tumor cells to initiate metastasis which lead to switching of E-cadherin to N-cadherin. Resolvins are known to promote the resolution of inflammation and phagocytosis of macrophages. However, the role of resolvins in EMT of cancer is not known. Therefore, we examined the effects of resolvins on transforming growth factor, beta 1 (TGF-β1)-induced EMT. Expression of E-cadherin and N-cadherin in A549 lung cancer cells was evaluated by Western blot and confocal microscopy. Involvement of lipoxin A4 receptor/formyl peptide receptor 2 (ALX/FPR2) was examined by gene silencing. TGF-β1 induced expression of N-cadherin in A549 lung cancer cells, and resolvin D1 and D2 inhibited the expression of N-cadherin at low concentrations (1–100 nM). Resolvin D1 and D2 also suppressed the expression of zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1). The effects of resolvin D1 and D2 were confirmed in other lung cancer cell lines such as H838, H1299, and H1703. Resolvin D1 and D2 did not affect the proliferation of A549 lung cancer cells. Resolvin D1 and D2 also suppressed the TGF-β1-induced morphological change. Resolvin D1 and D2 also inhibited the TGF-β1-induced migration and invasion of A549 cells. Resolvin D1 is known to act via ALX/FPR2 and GPR32. Thus, we examined the involvement of ALX/FPR2 and GPR32 in the suppressive effects of resolvin D1 on TGF-β1-induced EMT of A549 cells. Gene silencing of ALX/FPR2 and GPR32 blocked the action of resolvin D1. Overexpression of ALX/FPR2 or GPR32 increased the effects of resolvin D1. These results suggest that resolvin D1 inhibited TGF-β1-induced EMT via ALX/FPR2 and GPR32 by reducing the expression of ZEB1.     

MicroRNA-93 Promotes Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition of Endometrial Carcinoma Cells

MicroRNA-93, derived from a paralog (miR-106b-25) of the miR-17-92 cluster, is involved in the tumorigenesis and progression of many cancers such as breast, colorectal, hepatocellular, lung, ovarian, and pancreatic cancer. However, the role of miR-93 in endometrial carcinoma and the potential molecular mechanisms involved remain unknown. Our results showed that miR-93 was overexpressed in endometrial carcinoma tissues than normal endometrial tissues. The endometrial carcinoma cell lines HEC-1B and Ishikawa were transfected with miR-93-5P, after which cell migration and invasion ability and the expression of relevant molecules were detected. MiR-93 overexpression promoted cell migration and invasion, and downregulated E-cadherin expression while increasing N-cadherin expression. Dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-93 may directly bind to the 3′ untranslated region of forkhead box A1 (FOXA1); furthermore, miR-93 overexpression downregulated FOXA1 expression while miR-93 inhibitor transfection upregulated FOXA1 expression at both mRNA and protein level. In addition, transfection with the most effective FOXA1 small interfering RNA promoted both endometrial cancer cell migration and invasion, and downregulated E-cadherin expression while upregulating N-cadherin expression. Therefore, we suggest that miR-93 may promote the process of epithelial–mesenchymal transition in endometrial carcinoma cells by targeting FOXA1.     

肿瘤相关成纤维细胞对非小细胞肺癌恶性生物学行为影响

目的:探讨肿瘤相关成纤维细胞(Tancer Associated Fibroblast,TAF)对非小细胞肺癌(Non-small Cell Lung Cancer,NSCLC)恶性生物学行为的影响。方法:选取在本院肿瘤科住院手术的非小细胞肺癌患者,收集术后肺癌标本,马松三色染色(Masson Trichrome Stain)和天狼星红染色(Sirius Red Stain)观察肺癌组织(Lung Cancer Tissue,LCT)、癌旁组织(Pericarcinomatous Tissue,PCT)和正常组织(Normal Tissue,NT)中TAF的表达情况;体外将非小细胞肺癌细胞A549与非小细胞肺癌成纤维细胞P-gp共培养,CCK-8检测共培养前后A549细胞增殖能力;细胞划痕和Trans-well实验分别检测A549细胞迁移和侵袭能力;q RT-PCR和Western blot检测A549细胞上皮间质转化(Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition,EMT)标志蛋白E-cadherin、N-cadherin和Vimentin的表达。结果:Masson和Sirius染色结果显示:肺癌组织中纤维的表达明显高于癌旁组织;与P-gp共培养的A549细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力及上皮间质转化相关蛋白N-cadherin和Vimentin表达均明显高于阴性对照组(P0.05),而E-cadherin的表达明显降低(P0.05)。结论:TAF可能通过诱导非小细胞肺癌细胞EMT的发生从而促进非小细胞肺癌的增殖、迁移和侵袭等恶性生物学行为。