硫对石灰性土壤化学性质的影响

通过连续两茬油菜盆栽试验,分析了硫对土壤pH、电导率、交换性阳离子和水溶性阴离子等指标的影响.结果表明：硫能显著降低土壤pH、增加土壤电导率;施硫会使土壤交换性Na⁺和交换性K⁺含量升高,并加剧土壤水溶性阴离子总量的累积;施硫对交换性Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺含量影响较小,也未能显著改变土壤阳离子交换量和土壤碱化度.与尿素相比,硫包膜尿素对土壤pH和电导率的影响不显著,但对交换性阳离子和水溶性阴离子影响较大;与尿素处理相比,施硫未表现出明显的增产效应;施硫较多时,油菜产量显著降低.     

鼎湖山主要森林类型土壤交换性阳离子含量及其季节动态特征

研究鼎湖山自然保护区马尾松林、马尾松荷木混交林和季风常绿阔叶林三种代表性森林类型表层土壤(0~20cm)交换性阳离子含量及其季节动态。结果表明:土壤交换性阳离子含量因元素种类、森林类型和季节不同而异。三种森林土壤交换性阳离子含量都表现为:Al3+>H+>K+>Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+。几乎所有调查的阳离子含量在阔叶林显著高于马尾松林和混交林,但后两者之间大多数阳离子含量差异不显著。鼎湖山森林土壤可交换性阳离子含量虽然较高,但盐基饱和度却很低。马尾松林、混交林和阔叶林土壤可交换性阳离子含量在1997年6月份分别为:58.3、84.5和118.7mmolc/kg,盐基饱和度分别为:5.5%、3.2%和4.5%。三种森林土壤交换性Ca2+、Mg2+、K+和H+含量季节差异极显著(P<0.001),但交换性Al3+含量只在马尾松林土壤存在极显著的季节性差异(P<0.001)。同一元素季节变化大小程度趋向马尾松林>混交林>阔叶林。森林土壤交换性Ca2+、Na+和H+含量与土壤pH值相关关系不明显,但交换性Mg2+、K+和Al3+与土壤pH值间呈极显著负相关。     

不同植茶年限茶园土壤pH缓冲容量

为探明长期植茶对土壤pH缓冲容量(pHBC)的影响,以安徽郎溪和祁门茶园为研究对象,研究了连续植茶10、15、20、25、30年的茶园土壤酸碱缓冲容量的变化及其影响因素.结果表明： 酸碱滴定法适用于茶园土壤pHBC的测定,酸碱加入量与pH值在酸碱滴定曲线的特定突跃段(pH4.0～6.0)呈近似直线关系,可通过线性拟合方程计算pHBC.两地茶园土壤的pHBC随着植茶年限的增加均呈下降趋势,郎溪茶园和祁门茶园土壤pHBC的下降速率分别为0.10和0.06 mmol·kg^-1·a^-1.茶园土壤pHBC与阳离子交换量、土壤有机质、盐基饱和度、物理性质黏粒含量呈显著正相关,而与交换性酸总量及交换氢含量呈显著负相关.     

东北阔叶红松林腐殖质层土壤阳离子交换性能及其主要影响因素

阔叶红松林是中国东北地区的典型地带性植被,生物多样性丰富,是我国重要的生态资源。本文分析了9个纬度阔叶红松林腐殖质层土壤交换性Ca、Mg、K、Na、有效阳离子交换量(ECEC)、交换性酸等的分布及其主要影响因素。结果表明,腐殖质层土壤具有较强的盐基元素生物富集功能;土壤交换性盐基离子和ECEC纬度分异不明显;年均温或年均降水量影响土壤交换性Mg和K含量。土壤有机质和p H是交换性盐基离子和ECEC分布的主导影响因素,且均为正向影响。土壤交换性酸含量与ECEC、p H呈极显著负相关关系。     

采用浇灌方式施用甲酸钙消减当季叶菜镉污染

中轻度Cd污染农业土壤修复多采用以pH调控为主的钝化措施,但在pH中性土壤中综合效果不佳。本研究提出在蔬菜生长时期用甲酸钙溶液强化根际土壤交换态Cd向碳酸盐结态Cd的转化,在基本不改变土壤pH的情况下,阻控蔬菜对pH中性土壤Cd的吸收。室内模拟实验表明,低浓度甲酸钙(1.3~3.9 g·L~(-1))可以促使土壤交换态Cd转化为水溶态Cd;24 h内甲酸根生物降解后,土壤碱度有所提高,但pH变化不大,利于土壤交换态Cd转化为水溶态Cd后继续转化为生物有效性相对更低的碳酸盐结合态Cd。采用全Cd含量为1.03 mg·kg~(-1)、pH为7.3的棕壤开展油菜盆栽实验,结果显示,在油菜生长中后期2次以灌溉形式按76、152或228 mg·kg~(-1)土的剂量添加甲酸钙后,收获时油菜Cd含量分别比对照组减少31.6%、32.7%和39.4%,但不同处理土壤pH变化很小;在第二茬盆栽实验中,不同处理油菜Cd含量差异消失。甲酸钙阻控当季蔬菜吸收土壤Cd的作用主要归因于其对土壤交换态Cd向碳酸盐结合态Cd转化的促进作用,但土壤交换性阳离子组成与含量、铁锰氧化物和有机质等因素对甲酸钙阻控效果的影响还有待进一步研究。     

毛竹林土壤酶活性变化的海拔效应

在毛竹分布南缘的中亚热带与南亚热带气候过渡区,选择土壤类型、坡度、坡向、经营水平等一致的3个海拔高度(低海拔90～120m、中海拔360～400m、高海拔700～780m)毛竹林,对其土壤酶活性和物理、化学性质进行了测定。磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和脲酶活性分别为0.031～0.042、0.104～0.146和0.017～0.039mg·g-1.h-1,中海拔是3种酶活性显著变化的转折点。蛋白酶活性为0.248～0.259mg·g-1.h-1,随海拔的升高酶活性缓慢提高。过氧化氢酶活性为0.097～0.143mg·g-1.h-1,随海拔的升高酶活性显著上升。不同海拔高度毛竹林土壤物理性质对土壤酶活性无显著影响。土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮含量与土壤酶活性呈显著或极显著正相关,pH值对土壤酶活性具正效应,海拔梯度上的土壤全磷、全钾、速磷、速钾含量对土壤酶活性影响不显著。不同种类土壤酶活性间呈显著或极显著相关,酶促反应具专一性和共同性特点。     

氮肥添加对黑钙土酸度变化及酸碱缓冲性能的影响

以pH为5.38、6.54、7.16和8.11(依次编号为A、B、C和D)的黑钙土为研究对象, 采用室内恒温培养法, 研究氮肥(尿素、磷酸二铵)添加对黑钙土酸度变化及酸碱缓冲性能的影响。结果表明, 模拟3年施肥量条件下, 施加尿素和磷酸二铵分别使4种黑钙土的pH值下降了0.44、0.51、0.61、0.36和0.52、0.55、0.86、0.42个单位。对4种土壤而言, pH值降低程度的大小顺序依次为C＞B≥A＞D。施加氮肥后, D土壤样品的pH值仍呈碱性, 故未检测出交换性酸、H+、Al3+。施加尿素和磷酸二铵使A、B、C土壤样品的交换性酸含量分别增加了0.07、0.94、3.62倍和0.23、0.74、2.93倍, 交换性H+含量分别增加了0.12、1.14、7.27倍和0.26、0.97、4.73倍, 交换性Al3+含量分别增加了0.15、0.77、2.35倍和0.21、0.54、2.29倍。交换性酸、H+、Al3+含量增加程度的大小顺序均为C＞B＞A。添加尿素的黑钙土交换性酸、H+、Al3+含量与添加磷酸二铵的无显著差异。尿素和磷酸二铵添加后, 4个土壤样品的酸碱缓冲容量分别下降了2.82%、10.27%、3.24%、2.99%和2.26%、3.80%、3.70%、3.94%, 且两种肥料的影响无显著差异。黑钙土酸碱缓冲容量与土壤pH、有机质含量呈极显著正相关, 与土壤交换性H+、AI3+含量呈显著负相关。总之, 氮肥添加不同程度上提升了不同酸度黑钙土的交换性酸、H+、Al3+含量, 降低了土壤pH值和酸碱缓冲容量。     

环境因子对巴山冷杉-糙皮桦混交林物种分布及多样性的影响

对太白山巴山冷杉(Abies fargesii)-糙皮桦(Betula utilis)混交林及其环境因子进行了调查,采用CCA排序法分析了环境因子与物种分布的关系,偏CCA评估了各个环境因子的重要程度,GAM拟合了物种丰富度对各个环境因子的响应。结果显示,土壤pH、海拔、岩石盖度对物种分布有显著影响(P<0.05),其影响强度为:海拔>岩石盖度>pH,其它环境因子(土壤有机质、全N、全P含量和坡度)影响不显著(P>0.05)。GAM拟合结果表明,土壤pH、岩石盖度、海拔和全N含量是影响物种丰富度的主要环境因子(P<0.01),物种丰富度随pH值升高而增加,随岩石盖度和海拔升高而减小,而随全N含量的变化较为复杂;土壤有机质、全P含量和坡度对物种丰富度没有显著影响(P>0.05)。巴山冷杉-糙皮桦混交林物种分布及多样性是由海拔、岩石盖度和土壤pH值为主的多种环境因子综合作用的结果。     

四川米仓山自然保护区台湾水青冈种群与土壤化学特征的关系研究

台湾水青冈(Fagus hayatae)是中国特有的国家Ⅱ级保护植物,具有很高的经济价值。米仓山国家级自然保护区内台湾水青冈是目前发现的中国内陆地区保存面积最大的区域。该文以四川米仓山保护区内台湾水青冈种群为研究对象,采用样方调查法、普通克里格插值法和相关性分析,以探究台湾水青冈种群生长与土壤化学特征之间的相互关系。结果表明:(1)台湾水青冈种群在四川米仓山保护区内分布较分散,主要分布在海拔1 550~1 900m的河流及其支流的上游区域,而在较低海拔的河谷地带无分布。(2)台湾水青冈种群特征与部分土壤化学特征间存在联系,其中,样方内总植株数和种群密度均与土壤有机质、全氮和阳离子交换量呈显著负相关关系,而平均高度、平均胸径和基盖度与土壤有效铜均呈正相关关系。(3)台湾水青冈种群发育良好(适宜生长)的土壤化学特征为:pH值4.4~5.1,有机质53.17~102.00g·kg-1,全氮1.68~2.50g·kg-1,有效磷2.95~4.81mg·kg-1,交换性钾0.19~0.37cmol(+)·kg-1,交换性钠0.11~0.30cmol(+)·kg-1,阳离子交换量24.75~34.79cmol(+)·kg-1,有效铜0.61~1.08mg·kg-1,有效镁31.00~79.50mg·kg-1。研究认为,土壤化学特征对台湾水青冈种群生长具有制约作用。     

天然沸石的交换性阳离子类型与农业适用性

天然沸石有良好的离子交换和吸附特性,因此,它在农业上的应用也越来越受到人们的重视,但据我们发现,不同产地沸石,占主导地位的交换性阳离子种类大不相同,如果盲目应用,就会产生相反的结果。通过实验证实,天然沸石的阳离子类型,特别是含交换性Na~ 较高的一类沸石与土壤、肥料相互作用后,对植物生长有很大影响。     

Silicate weathering in temperate forest soils: insights from a field experiment

Few studies of silicate mineral weathering have been conducted in carbonate-bearing temperate forest soils. With climate and vegetation held constant, we compared soil mineralogy and major element chemistry of soil waters from a carbonate-free temperate aspen forest site in the Cheboygan watershed, northern Michigan, with that from carbonate-containing soils from experimental tree-growth chambers (low- vs. high- fertility). All soils were well-drained sands (quartz, Na-rich plagioclase, and K-feldspar) with minor amounts of carbonate present only in the experimentally manipulated soils. The Na⁺ concentrations in soil waters corrected for atmospheric deposition (Na*) were used to compare relative rates of plagioclase feldspar weathering across sites. In natural soil water profiles, maximum concentrations of Na*, Si, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were observed by a depth of 15 cm, a soil zone free of carbonate minerals. Mean Na* and DOC concentrations were different in the three soils, and increased in the order natural soil < low-fertility chambers < high-fertility chambers. While low pH environments are generally viewed as enhancing weathering rates, here higher Na* appears to be related to high DOC, which is consistent with observed increases in active organic functional groups as pH increases. Our results suggest that under a specific vegetative cover, the soil carbon environment affects the weathering flux observed. Our study also suggests that disturbed soils provide an enhanced physical and chemical environment for weathering. Generalized silicate weathering models may benefit from including the enhancing effects of organic anions at moderate pH in addition to precipitation and temperature.     

贵州喀斯特地区典型土壤有机碳垂直分布特征及其同位素组成

以贵州喀斯特地区两种主要土壤类型(石灰土和黄壤)为研究对象,通过测定土壤pH值、土壤有机碳(SOC)含量和植物优势种、枯枝落叶、土壤有机质的稳定同位素(δ13Csoc值)组成,探讨了该地区石灰土和黄壤剖面SOC垂直分布特征和δ13Csoc值组成差异。结果表明,与黄壤相比,石灰土剖面的SOC含量较高,石灰土剖面和黄壤剖面SOC含量变化范围分别在3.6～69.8和2.4～51.2g·kg-1。黄壤和黄色石灰土剖面SOC主要集中在0～20cm深度内,而黑色石灰土剖面从0～60cm逐步减少。黑色石灰土和黄壤剖面δ13Csoc值变化范围分别在-22.9‰～-21.5‰和-25.6‰～-22.4‰,前者较后者变化小。从剖面表土向下,黄壤剖面δ13Csoc值均出现逐步增加的趋势,而石灰土剖面δ13Csoc值从剖面表土向下出现上升-降低-不变的变化趋势。黄色石灰土剖面δ13Csoc值变幅较大,变化范围为-23.7‰～-18.2‰。在枯枝落叶转化为表层土壤有机质的过程中,石灰土剖面δ13Csoc值变幅高于黄壤。其中,黄壤剖面δ13Csoc值升高了2.6‰～3.0‰,石灰土剖面δ13Csoc值升高了5.5‰～6.3‰。上述结果揭示了SOC含量及其δ13C值随深度变化的差异,反映植物残体的输入及其在土壤中分解累积特征,有助于揭示SOC循环过程及规律和了解剖面土壤成土过程。     

How soil and elevation shape local plant biodiversity in a Mediterranean hotspot

Elucidating how evolutionary and ecological factors drive the assemblage of communities in biodiversity hotspots remains an important challenge. This currently impedes our ability to predict the responses of communities to the ongoing global changes in these major world’s biodiversity reservoirs. Here, we focus on the Sierra Nevada mountain range, a core region of the Baetic-Rifan biodiversity hotspot in the western Mediterranean, and explore the relative importance of soil properties and elevation in shaping phylogenetic and functional diversity of shrub communities. We recorded the total number of each species in community transects across elevation gradients and contrasting soil conditions, and measured some ecologically relevant functional traits (specific leaf area, leaf carbon:nitrogen ratio, plant height and blooming duration). Phylogenetic distances among species were inferred from a genus-level time-calibrated molecular phylogeny. Elevation was the main factor predicting phylogenetic and functional alpha diversity of plant communities. Species in high-elevation communities were phylogenetically distant but functionally similar, being relatively smaller and having relatively short blooming durations, whilst species in low-elevation communities showed the opposite pattern. Beta diversity in SLA and leaf C:N ratio based on species incidences were positively correlated with a soil pH and micronutrient gradient. Specifically, communities that develop on soils of high pH and low micronutrient concentrations showed low SLA values and high leaf C:N ratios, whilst communities on soils of lower pH and high micronutrient concentrations showed the opposite pattern. We conclude that soil properties and elevation simultaneously shape the structure of Mediterranean shrub communities by differentially acting on the different dimensions of the species niches. Elevation seems to filter plant height and phenology-related traits whereas nutrient-related functional traits are more related to soil properties. Our study illustrates the primary role of environmental heterogeneity for the maintenance of diversity in Mediterranean mountain ecosystems.     

Adsorption of RDX to Soil with Low Organic Carbon: Laboratory Results,Field Observations,Remedial Implications

The purpose of this article is to review both laboratory and field observations of RDX adsorption to soils and to use those results to estimate the effects of a planned remedial action. Adsorption isotherms for RDX are generally observed to be linear and reversible. Statistical tests were performed to determine the relationship between K_d and various soil characteristics. A linear relationship between Kd and soil organic carbon was observed, as expected, but regression of K_d to organic carbon content indicated a non-zero intercept, suggesting that other sorbents may also be significant at low OC (e.g., > 0.5 %). No other soil properties were significantly related to Kd so the mechanism of adsorption at low organic carbon was not determined. These results were used to interpret observations of RDX in the vadose zone at Milan Army Ammunition Plant (MAAP), TN. MAAP exhibits widespread soil contamination by RDX. Depth to groundwater ranges from 40 to 80?ft. Unsaturated soils are fine grained near the surface, and sandy near the water table. RDX is concentrated in the upper 2?ft, where concentrations in some places exceed 1 %. Subsurface concentrations are generally less than 50?mg/kg. The distribution of RDX in soil, soil moisture and groundwater, and soil physical testing data were interpreted using simple models. The distribution of RDX is consistent with the following conceptual model: ??Water containing RDX was dis charged to the land surface (prior to 1983); ??Crystalline RDX remains in surface soil (remedial activities are ongo ing); ??Infiltrating rainwater leaches RDX from surface soils; ??This leachate carries RDX through the deeper vadose zone, resulting in significant soil contamination through out the full thickness of the vadose zone; these soils can generate leachate and adversely affect ground- water quality for many years to come. Field results were consistent with the adsorption studies. Simple models consistent with the field and laboratory observations indicate that deeper soils that are not planned to be remediated may continue to leach unacceptable concentrations to groundwater for approximately 180 years. The Army intends to evaluate whether it will be most cost-effective to address this continuing source by treating soils or groundwater.     

Control of soil pH on turnover of belowground organic matter in subalpine grassland

Grasslands store substantial amounts of carbon in the form of organic matter in soil and roots. At high latitudes and elevation, turnover of these materials is slow due to various interacting biotic and abiotic constraints. Reliable estimates on the future of belowground carbon storage in cold grassland soils thus require quantitative understanding of these factors. We studied carbon turnover of roots, labile coarse particulate organic matter (cPOM) and older non-cPOM along a natural pH gradient (3.9–5.9) in a subalpine grassland by utilizing soil fractionation and radiocarbon dating. Soil carbon stocks and root biomass, turnover, and decomposability did not scale with soil pH whereas mean residence times of both soil organic matter fractions significantly increased with declining pH. The effect was twice as strong for non-cPOM, which was also stronger enriched in ¹⁵N at low pH. Considering roots as important precursors for cPOM, the weaker soil pH effect on cPOM turnover may have been driven by comparably high root pH values. At pH < 5, long non-cPOM mean residence times were probably related to pH dependent changes in substrate availability. Differences in turnover along the pH gradient were not reflected in soil carbon stocks because aboveground productivity was lower under acidic conditions and, in turn, higher inputs from aboveground plant residues compensated for faster soil carbon turnover at less acidic pH. In summary, the study provides evidence for a strong and differential regulatory role of pH on the turnover of soil organic matter that needs consideration in studies aiming to quantify effects of changing environmental conditions on belowground carbon storage.     

The impact of different soil parameters on the community structure of dominant bacteria from nine different soils located on Livingston Island, South Shetland Archipelago, Antarctica

Microorganisms inhabit very different soil habitats in the ice-free areas of Antarctica, playing a major role in nutrient cycling in cold environments. We studied the soil characteristics and the dominant bacterial composition from nine different soil profiles located on Livingston Island (maritime Antarctica). The total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) values were high for the vegetated soils, decreasing with depth, whereas the values for the mineral soils were generally low. Soil pH was more acidic for moss-covered soils and neutral to alkaline for mineral soils. Numbers of culturable heterotrophic bacteria were higher at vegetated sites, but significant numbers were also detectable in carbon-depleted soils. Patterns of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) revealed a highly heterogeneous picture throughout the soil profiles. Subsequent sequencing of DGGE bands revealed in total 252 sequences that could be assigned to 114 operational taxonomic units, showing the dominance of members of the Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria. The results of phospholipid fatty acid analysis showed a lack of unsaturated fatty acids for most of the samples. Samples with a prevalence of unsaturated over saturated fatty acids were restricted to several surface samples. Statistical analysis showed that the dominant soil bacterial community composition is most affected by TC and TN contents and soil physical factors such as grain size and moisture, but not pH.     

Arbuscular mycorrhizal adaptation,spore germination,root colonization,and host plant growth and mineral acquisition at low pH

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi colonize plant roots and often enhance host plant growth and mineral acquisition, particularly for plants grown under low nutrient and mineral stress conditions. Information about AM fungi and mycorrhizal ( +AM) host plant responses at low pH ( < 5) is limited. Acaulospora are widely reported in acid soil, and Gigaspora sp. appear to be more common in acid soils than Glomus sp. Spores of some AM fungi are more tolerant to acid conditions and high Al than others; t Acaulospora sp., Gigaspora sp., and Glomus manihotis are particularly tolerant. Root colonization is generally less in low than in high pH soils. Percentage root colonization is generally not related to dry matter (DM) produced. Maximum enhancement of plant growth in acid soil varies with AM fungal isolate and soil pH, indicating adaptation of AM isolates to edaphic conditions. Acquisition of many mineral nutrients other than P and Zn is enhanced by +AM plants in acid soil, and the minerals whose concentration is enhanced are those commonly deficient in acid soils (Ca, Mg, and K). Some AM fungal isolates are effective in overcoming soil acidity factors, especially Al toxicity, that restrict plant growth at low pH.     

祁连山中部4种典型植被类型土壤细菌群落结构差异

土壤微生物参与土壤生态过程,在土壤生态系统的结构和功能中发挥着重要作用。2013年7月采集了祁连山中段4种典型植被群落(垫状植被、高寒草甸、沼泽草甸和高寒灌丛)的表层土壤,分析了表层土壤微生物生物量碳氮和采用Illumina高通量测序技术研究了土壤细菌群落结构及多样性,并结合土壤因子对土壤细菌群落结构和多样性进行了相关性分析。结果表明:(1)土壤微生物生物量碳氮的大小排序为:沼泽草甸高寒草甸高寒灌丛垫状植被;(2)土壤细菌群落相对丰度在5%以上的优势类群是放线菌门、酸杆菌门、α-变形菌、厚壁菌门和芽单胞菌门5大门类;(3)沼泽草甸土壤细菌α多样性(物种丰富度和系统发育多样性)显著高于其它3种植被类型(P0.05),而垫状植被土壤细菌α多样性最低;(4)冗余分析和Pearson相关性分析表明,土壤pH、土壤含水量、土壤有机碳和总氮是土壤细菌群落结构和α多样性的主要影响因子。研究结果可为祁连山高寒生态系统稳定和保护提供理论依据。     

Plant Seeds as Mineral Nutrient Resource for Seedlings--A Comparison of Plants from Calcareous and Silicate Soils

Mineral nutrients of seeds constitute a significant source ofessential elements to seedlings and developing individuals ofvascular plants. In spite of their potential ecological significance,seed nutrient pools have attracted little attention with respectto calcifuge–calcicole behaviour of plants. The objectivesof this study were, therefore, to compare concentrations of13 macro- and micronutrients (K, Rb, Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu,Zn, Mo, B, P and S) in seeds and leaves of 35 mainly herbaceousvascular plant species growing on both limestone (calcareous)and silicate (non-calcareous) soils. Concentrations of Rb andCo in seeds of plants originating from limestone soils were,on average, about half of those from silicate soils. Concentrationsof Mn, Mg, Zn and P of seeds were, or tended to be, lower orslightly lower in limestone-soil plants, whereas mean Ca andMo concentrations were higher. Comparing seed and leaf concentrationsof the same species from limestone and silicate soils generallydemonstrated a high P enrichment ratio, but a particularly lowK enrichment ratio in seeds, valid for both types of soil. Itwas also apparent that Fe and Mn, micronutrients which are lessreadily solubilized and taken up by plants on limestone soils,had significantly higher seed:leaf concentration ratios in plantsfrom limestone than from silicate soils, whereas the oppositewas true for Ca. This indicates a ‘strategy’ tosatisfy the demand of seedlings for elements which are lessreadily available in the soil.Copyright 1998 Annals of BotanyCompany Seed, leaf, plant, nutrient, content, calcareous, silicate, acid, soil.     

旱化对浙江山地沼泽湿地土壤与植物碳氮磷含量的影响

因受到气候变暖、人为干扰等因素的影响,浙江省山地沼泽湿地面临着缺水旱化的问题,泥炭藓沼泽、草本沼泽逐渐退化成旱化的沼泽。在山地沼泽旱化的过程中,山地沼泽湿地土壤碳、氮、磷含量及其生态化学计量比的变化趋势尚不明确。本研究选取浙江5块不同旱化程度的山地沼泽湿地,分析土壤表层0~60 cm剖面上土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、土壤pH值、土壤容重等,以及植物样方地上生物量、植物粉碎混合样的有机碳(OC)、TN、TP。结果表明: 浙江山区沼泽湿地SOC、TN含量丰富,但TP含量低;随着山区沼泽湿地的旱化,容重、pH值、地上生物量上升,而SOC、TN、TP、C∶N、C∶P、N∶P呈下降趋势,容重、pH值与SOC、TN、TP均呈显著线性负相关;不同旱化程度的浙江山区沼泽湿地土壤C、N、P等元素的累积量与植物凋落物输入量、湿地氧气条件、凋落物分解的难易程度等因素有关。浙江山地沼泽湿地旱化趋势明显,土壤C、N、P等营养元素的含量下降,而植物由湿生群落向中性群落演替,植物中C、N、P含量随着植物种类的变化而变化,与土壤C、N、P含量的变化关系不耦合。