捕蝇草的组织培养和快速繁殖

1　植物名称　捕蝇草 (Ｄｉｏｎａｅａｍｕｓｃｉｐｕｌａ)。2　材料类别　子叶、叶片。3　培养条件　种子培养基 :(1 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ0 .1ｍｇ·Ｌ-1(单位下同 ) ＮＡＡ 0 .1。愈伤组织与不定芽诱导培养基 :(2 )ＭＳ 2 ,4 Ｄ0 .5 6 ＢＡ 0 .5 ;(3)ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 0 .5 ;     

星花绣线菊的组织培养及快速繁殖

1　植物名称　星花绣线菊 (Ｓｐｉｒａｅａｊａｐｏｎｉｃａｖａｒ.ｓｔｅｌｌｅｒｉｓ)。2　材料类别　茎尖、茎段、叶片、叶柄。3　培养条件　 ( 1 )愈伤组织诱导培养基 :ＭＳ 2 ,4 Ｄ 2 .0ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1 (单位下同 ) ＫＴ 0 .3;( 2 )愈伤组织继代培养基 :6,7 Ｖ 2 ,4 Ｄ 2 .0 ＫＴ 0 .2 5 ＮＡＡ 1 .0 ＬＨ 2 0 0 0 ;( 3)芽诱导培养基 :ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 2 .0 ＮＡＡ 0 .1 ;( 4 )芽增殖培养基 :ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ0 .2 5 ＮＡＡ 0 .1 ;( 5 )生根培养基 :1 /2ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ0 .2 5 ＮＡＡ 0 .5。上述培养基的蔗糖含量为 3% ,琼脂为 0 .7% ,…     

山西特有品种梨枣叶片的组织培养及植株再生

1　植物名称　枣 (Ｚｉｚｉｐｈｕｓｊｕｊｕｂａ)品种山西梨枣。2　材料类别　叶片。3　培养条件　以ＭＳ为基本培养基。诱导愈伤组织培养基 :(1 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 1 .0ｍｇ·Ｌ-1(单位下同 ) 2 ,4 Ｄ 1 .5 ＡｇＮＯ3 1 0 .0。诱芽培养基 :(2 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 1 .0 ＩＢＡ 0 .     

小黑杨花粉植株的诱导

1　植物名称　小黑杨 (Ｐｏｐｕｌｕｓｓｉｍｏｎｉｉ×Ｐ .ｎｉ ｇｒａ)。2　材料类别　花药 (ａｎｔｈｅｒ)。3　培养条件　 ( 1 )诱导愈伤组织培养基 :ＭＳ 2 ,4 Ｄ 4ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1 (单位下同 ) ＫＴ 2。 ( 2 )愈伤组织分化培养基 :ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 1 ＮＡＡ 0 .5。当愈伤组织分化出嫩芽后 ,将芽切下转入ＭＨ 6 ＢＡ0 .5 ＮＡＡ 0 .1培养基上 ,其中ＭＨ培养基为ＭＳ的大量元素和有机物 ,ＭＨ培养基的微量元素 ,再加叶酸 (ｆｏｌａｃｉｎ)及生物素 (ｂｉｏｔｉｎ)各 0 .1。( 3)生根培养基 :1 /2ＭＳ ＩＢＡ 0 .4。上述培养基均添加 2 %…     

何首乌愈伤组织诱导和植株再生

1　植物名称　何首乌 (Ｐｏｌｙｇｏｎｕｍｍｕｌｔｉｆｌｏｒｕｍ)。2　材料类别　蒙山阳坡路旁野生植株上的嫩芽。3　培养条件　诱导愈伤组织培养基 :(1 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 1ｍｇ·Ｌ-1(单位下同 ) ＮＡＡ 1 ;(2 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 2 ＮＡＡ 1 ;(3) 1 /2ＭＳ ＮＡＡ 0 .3;(4) 1 /2ＭＳ 2 ,4 Ｄ 0 .1 ;(5 ) 1 /2ＭＳ 2 ,4 Ｄ0 .3;(6 ) 1 /2ＭＳ 2 ,4 Ｄ 1 ;(7)ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 3 2 ,4 Ｄ 1。芽分化培养基 :(8)ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 1 ;(9)ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 2 ;(1 0 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 5 ＮＡＡ 0 .1 ;(1 1 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 2 ＮＡＡ 0 .4;(1 2 …     

地被菊的组织培养及快速繁殖

1　植物名称　地被菊 (Ｄｅｎｄｒａｎｔｈｅｍａｇｒａｎｄｉｆｌｏｒｕｍ)品种早小菊。2　材料类别　花蕾。3　培养条件　以ＭＳ为基本培养基。愈伤组织诱导及分化培养基 :(1 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 2ｍｇ·Ｌ-1(单位下同 ) ＮＡＡ 0 .2。继代培养基 :(2 )ＭＳ ＮＡＡ 0 .2 ;(3 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 0 .0 2 ＮＡＡ 0 .2 ;(4)ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 2 ＮＡＡ 0 .2。生根培养基 :(5 ) 1 2ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 0 .0 2 ＩＢＡ 1 ;(6 ) 1 2ＭＳ ＩＢＡ 1 ;(7) 1 2ＭＳ ＩＢＡ 2 ;(8) 1 2ＭＳ ＩＢＡ 3。上述培养基均添加 2 %蔗糖 ,0 .7%琼脂。培养基ｐＨ为 6 …     

有棱丝瓜的组织培养及快速繁殖

1　植物名称　有棱丝瓜 (Ｌｕｆｆａａｃｕｔａｎｇｕｌａ)品种“绿旺”。2　材料类别　真叶、下胚轴、上胚轴及胚芽。3　培养条件　基本培养基为 ( 1 )ＭＳ。诱导愈伤组织培养基 :( 2 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 5ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1 (单位下同 ) ＮＡＡ 0 .5。诱导胚性愈伤组织及分化培养基 :( 3)ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 2 ＩＡＡ 0 .2 ＩＢＡ 0 .2。胚性愈伤组织继代增殖培养基 :( 4 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 4 ＫＴ0 .5 ＮＡＡ 1。生根培养基 :( 5 ) 1 /2ＭＳ ＩＡＡ 0 .2。以上培养基 ｐＨ均为 5 .8。糖浓度在培养基 ( 1 )、( 2 )、( 4 )、( 5 )中为 3% ,在培养基 ( 3)…     

分蘖洋葱的组织培养与快速繁殖

1　植物名称　分蘖洋葱 (Ａｌｌｉｕｍｃｅｐａｖａｒ ｍｕｌｔｉ ｐｌｃａｎｓＢａｉｌｅｙｓｙｎ ｖａｒ ＡｇｒｏｇａｔｕｍＤｏｎ)。2　材料类别　鳞茎茎尖。3　培养条件　基本培养基为ＭＳ。愈伤组织诱导培养基 :(1 )ＭＳ ＫＴ 0 5ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1 (单位下同 ) 2 ,4 Ｄ 2 0。愈伤组织分化培养基 :(2 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ3 0 ＮＡＡ 1 0 ;(3 ) :ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 0 4 ＮＡＡ 0 1。生根培养基 :(4) 1 /2ＭＳ ＩＢＡ1 5 ＮＡＡ 0 0 1。上述培养基均加蔗糖 3 % ,琼脂 0 8% ,调ｐＨ值为 5 7～5 8,1 2 1℃高温高压灭菌 1 4ｍｉｎ。培养温…     

桔草的组织培养与植株再生

1　植物名称　桔草 (Ｃｙｍｂｏｐｏｇｏｎｇｅｓｏｒｉｎｇｉｉ)。2　材料类别　嫩草的节间组织。3　培养条件　愈伤组织诱导培养基 :(1 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 0 .5ｍｇ·Ｌ-1(单位下同 ) 2 ,4 Ｄ1 .5 ＮＡＡ 0 .1 ;(2 )Ｎ6 6 ＢＡ 0 .5 2 ,4 Ｄ1 .5 ＮＡＡ 0 .1 ;(3)ＭＳ     

黎豆的组织培养和快速繁殖

1　植物名称　黎豆 (Ｓｔｉｚｏｌｏｂｉｕｍｃｏｃｈｉｎｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ) ,别名猫豆、狗爪豆。2　材料类别　无菌种子苗。3　培养条件　基本培养基为ＭＳ。种子萌发及壮苗培养基 :(1 )ＭＳ Ｖｃ 0 .5ｍｇ·Ｌ-1(单位下同 ) 0 .1 %活性炭 ;诱导丛芽培养基 :(2 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡｌ.0 ＮＡＡ 0 .1 Ｖｃ 0 .5 ;诱导愈伤组织培养基 :(3 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 0 .5 ＮＡＡ 0 .0 5 ,(4)ＭＳ 2 ,4 Ｄ 0 .5 ,(5 )ＭＳ 2 ,4 Ｄ 1 .0 ,(6 )ＭＳ 2 ,4 Ｄ 2 .0 ;分化培养基 :(7)ＭＳ 6 Ａ3 .0 Ｖｃ 0 .5 ＮＡＡ 0 .0 5 ;芽体生长及诱导生根培养基…     

Shapes of curves of pH-dependence of reactions

A simple case is considered in which the rate of a two-step reaction depends on pH because the intermediate formed in the first step has to gain (or lose) a proton before it can react in the second step, and in which the rate-determining step therefore changes with pH. The curves of reaction rate against pH are shown to be symmetrical, and the sharpest peak possible has a width at half its height of 1.53pH units, i.e. of 2log(3+2 radical2). Any particular curve for this situation proves to be identical with a curve that could be generated for the pH-dependence of a single-step reaction in which the rate is proportional to the concentration of a particular ionic form of a reactant. Curves for the latter situation, however, can have forms impossible for the former case in which the rate-determining step changes, but only if the protonations that activate and deactivate the reactant are co-operative. The peak can then become even sharper, and its width at half its height can fall to 1.14pH units, i.e. to 2log(2+ radical3).     

Overview of mechanisms of action of lycopene

Dietary intakes of tomatoes and tomato products containing lycopene have been shown to be associated with decreased risk of chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases in numerous studies. Serum and tissue lycopene levels have also been inversely related to the risk of lung and prostate cancers. Lycopene functions as a very potent antioxidant, and this is clearly a major important mechanism of lycopene action. In this regard, lycopene can trap singlet oxygen and reduce mutagenesis in the Ames test. However, evidence is accumulating for other mechanisms as well. Lycopene at physiological concentrations can inhibit human cancer cell growth by interfering with growth factor receptor signaling and cell cycle progression specifically in prostate cancer cells without evidence of toxic effects or apoptosis of cells. Studies using human and animal cells have identified a gene, connexin 43, whose expression is upregulated by lycopene and which allows direct intercellular gap junctional communication (GJC). GJC is deficient in many human tumors and its restoration or upregulation is associated with decreased proliferation. The combination of low concentrations of lycopene with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 exhibits a synergistic effect on cell proliferation and differentiation and an additive effect on cell cycle progression in the HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell line, suggesting some interaction at a nuclear or subcellular level. The combination of lycopene and lutein synergistically interact as antioxidants, and this may relate to specific positioning of different carotenoids in membranes. This review will focus on the growing body of evidence that carotenoids have unexpected biologic effects in experimental systems, some of which may contribute to their cancer preventive properties in models of carcinogenesis. Consideration of solubility in vitro, comparison with doses achieved in humans by dietary means, interactions with other phytochemicals, and other potential mechanisms such as stimulation of xenobiotic metabolism, inhibition of cholesterogenesis, modulation of cyclooxygenase pathways, and inhibition of inflammation will be considered. This review will point out areas for future research where more evidence is needed on the effects of lycopene on the etiology of chronic disease.     

Determination of stoichiometry of radioiodination of proteins

A sensitive method for the detection of small quantities of hydrophobic antioxidant free radical scavengers such as butylatedhydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylatedhydroxyanisole (BHA) in aqueous samples is described. The procedure involves extraction of the hydrophobic free radical scavenger into an organic solvent phase, followed by the subsequent reaction of an aliquot of this extract with the stable cation radical tris(p-bromophenyl)amminium hexachloroantimonate (TBACA). In experiments with BHT and BHA, the loss of TBACA absorbance at 730 nm was found to be linearly proportional to the amount of antioxidant added, with quantities of BHT as small as 200 pmol being easily detectable. In aqueous suspensions of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles, assays of the aqueous BHT concentration showed that BHT partitioned strongly into the membrane phase, achieving very high BHT/phospholipid ratios. For a given concentration of BHT, partitioning into the membrane phase was greater in large, multilamellar liposomes than in either small, single-walled vesicles or in purified rat brain synaptic vesicle membranes. Direct assay of BHT and BHA in phospholipid membranes, however, was complicated by a nonspecific interaction between TBACA and the phospholipid.