柳二十斑叶甲两亚种比较形态学研究(鞘翅目,叶甲科,叶甲亚科)

柳二十斑叶甲包括两个亚种,分别为指名亚种和高山亚种.两者可以通过头部、前胸背板、足和鞘翅的斑纹区分开来.本文对这两个亚种的外部和内部的形态结构进行了研究,主要包括触角、口器、中胸、后胸、后翅、足、雌雄外生殖器、成虫和幼虫的相关结构.并对确定亚种的形态特征进行了探讨.     

核桃扁叶甲的发育起点温度和有效积温

室内观察测定5个恒温条件下,核桃扁叶甲Gastrolina depressa Baly各虫态的发育历期及起点温度和有效积温。结果表明:在16～32℃温度范围内,核桃扁叶甲均能完成发育,其发育历期随温度的升高而缩短,卵期、幼虫期、蛹期、产卵前期的发育起点温度分别为9.4,12.2,14.3和11.1℃,有效积温分别为43.2,77.2,36.0和104.7日.度;整个世代的发育起点温度为12.0℃,有效积温为260.5日.度。持续过高温度不适合核桃扁叶甲的生长发育。     

中国大萤叶甲属的研究（鞘翅目：叶甲科：萤叶甲亚科）

大萤叶甲属Meristata 为Chapuis 1875年所建立,是东洋区分布的属,在我国主要分布在云南和西藏两省,中名以其体大型而得。目前全世界已知11种,中国有9种。本文对本属征进行了重新厘订,并对中国种类做了系统的研究及记述,它们是褐大萤叶甲Meristata dohrni (Baly), 长大萤叶甲Meristata elongata (Jacoby), 黑斑大萤叶甲Meristata fallax (Harold), 黑胸大萤叶甲Meristata fraternalis fraternalis (Baly), 黑胸大萤叶甲云南亚种Meristata fraternalis yunnanensis (Laboissiere), 象牙大萤叶甲Meristata pulunini (Bryant), 四带大萤叶甲Meristata quadrifasciata (Hope), 六斑大萤叶甲Meristata sexmaculata (Kollar et Redtenbacher), 黄腹大萤叶甲Meristata spilota (Hope)。亦对Meristata fraternalis yunnanensis 的分类地位进行了探讨,根据其鞘翅斑点及其雄性生殖器形状将原Meristata yunnanensis 降为Meristata fraternalis 的亚种。     

基于线粒体COⅠ基因序列的小萤叶甲属部分种类分子系统学研究（鞘翅目：叶甲科：萤叶甲亚科）

本文目的是通过对小萤叶甲属部分种类的线粒体COⅠ基因进行比较,探讨小萤叶甲属昆虫进化与寄主植物之间的关系,同时对几种分类地位模糊的昆虫进行分析和归类。测定了我国菱角萤叶甲Galerucella birmanica Jacoby和褐背小萤叶甲Galerucella grisescens Joannis以及小猿叶甲Phaedon brassicae Baly线粒体COⅠ基因720 bp序列,并调用GenBank中小萤叶甲属等其他8种昆虫的同源序列,对序列的碱基组成、转换颠换、遗传距离等进行了分析。并以小猿叶甲为外群,分别采用邻接法（NJ）、最大简约法（MP）和贝叶斯推论法（BI）建立这些种的分子系统发育关系。序列分析结果表明：小萤叶甲属昆虫COⅠ基因A+T含量平均为71.8％,存在较强的A+T含量偏向性,氨基酸的变异率为18.3％; 小萤叶甲属与外群之间的遗传距离(0.169～0.198)远远大于属内种间的距离(0.001～0.134)。依据分子系统树结果我们推测小萤叶甲属昆虫的进化与寄主植物之间有着显著的关系,在传统分类学上曾隶属于其他属的几种昆虫与小萤叶甲昆虫有着更近的亲缘关系。     

中国叶甲亚科三种幼虫形态学研究(鞘翅目,叶甲科)

对叶甲亚科3种幼虫进行了形态学研究,这3种幼虫为：菜无缘叶甲Colaphellus bowringii Baly、小猿叶甲Phaedon brassicae Baly和印度柱胸叶甲Agrosteomela indica Gistle,同时给出了各个种的背面整体图、头部和足的形态图。另外,对叶甲亚科的幼虫形态进行了描述,总结出了叶甲亚科的3种幼虫类型,并对该亚科的演化进行了初步探讨。     

柱萤叶甲属三新种及一新纪录种

本文报道了鞘翅目(Coleoptera)叶甲科(Chrysomelidae)萤叶甲亚科(Galerucinae)柱萤叶甲属Gallerucida的三新种:基红柱萤叶甲G.basalis sp.nov.褐缘柱萤叶甲G.limbatella sp.nov.、小柱萤叶甲G.parva sp.nov.及一新纪录种:黑缘柱萤叶甲G.limbata(Baly,1878)。     

中国根蚜属的研究（同翅目：蚜科：瘿绵蚜亚科）的研究（同翅目：蚜科：瘿绵蚜亚科）

系统研究了中国根蚜属Geoica Hart的蚜虫。中国分布有5种（亚种）,其中有二新种：拟钝毛根蚜G. parasetu losa Zhang et Qiao和尸根蚜G. necis Zhang et Qiao, 一新亚种：袋根蚜乌鲁木齐亚种G. urticularia urumqiensis Qiao et Zhang。该文提供了详细的形态特征记述,寄主植物和地理分布资料,中国分布种类的分种检索表和24幅形态特征图。所有标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所昆虫标本馆。     

叶甲亚科口器比较形态学研究(鞘翅目,叶甲科)

叶甲亚科成虫为植食性昆虫,是典型的咀嚼式口器.对叶甲亚科8属8种叶甲(Agrosteomela chinensis (Weise),Ambrostoma fortunei(Baly),Asiparopsis convexa (Weise),Chrysolina aurichalcea(Mannerheim),Chrysomela populi Linnaeus,Gonioctena tredecimmaculata(Jacoby),Parambrostoma mahesa(Hope),Paropsides soriculata(Swartz))的口器进行了比较形态学研究,并对其演化进行了讨论.     

黑跗瓢萤叶甲生物学研究

<正> 黑跗瓢萤叶甲Oides tarsata(Baly)属鞘翅目,叶甲科,萤叶甲亚科,是我区栽培葡萄上发生的一种害虫,成虫、幼虫均取食葡萄叶片及嫩枝,在管理粗放的葡萄园,单株受害率可达100％。 一、形态特征(见图) 成虫 雌虫体长14.5毫米,宽9.5毫米;雄虫体长12.5毫米,宽8.5毫米。体椭圆形,似瓢虫,黄色至黄褐色,后胸、腹节两侧及足跗节黑褐或黑色。头部额区稍隆起,复眼大而突出。触角丝状,共11节,其中端末4节(有时5—6节)     

菱角萤叶甲不同地理种群数量性状变异(鞘翅目:叶甲科)

采用模糊聚类、系统聚类和主成分分析的方法对中国12个不同地理种群菱角萤叶甲Galerucella birmanica Jacoby的形态数据进行了分析,探讨了其数量性状变异和地理分布间的关系,并对菱角萤叶甲亚种的分类地位进行了界定。聚类分析将我国菱角萤叶甲12个地理种群分为6个部分:其中西南云贵高原地区的保山种群为一组,华南地区的广州种群为一组,东北地区的沈阳种群为一组,华中地区的孝感种群为一组,长江以北地区的淮安、扬州、泰安和阜阳种群为一组,长江以南地区的常州、嘉兴、青浦和义乌种群为一组,可见不同地理种群菱角萤叶甲的数量性状变异与地理分布之间具有显著的相关性。主成分分析显示,菱角萤叶甲各器官的长度存在相互促进共同变异的关系,变异与性状具有显著正相关性。采用形态学测量的方法对于确定菱角萤叶甲亚种的地位是可行的。     

Silurian Leptaeninae (Brachiopoda) from Gotland, Sweden

Strophomenid brachiopods belonging to the generaLeptaena andLepidoleptaena are described from the uppermost Llandovery — Ludlow succession of Gotland, Sweden. In Gotland,Lepidoleptaena comprises the single speciesL. poulseni, andLeptaena includes four species:L. rhomboidalis, L. sperion, L. depressa andL. parvirugata n. sp.L. depressa shows a considerable amount of morphological variation, which is recognised in the two new subspeciesLeptaena depressa visbyensis n. ssp. from the Llandoverian — Wenlockian Visby Formation, andL. depressa lata n. ssp. from the mid-Wenlockian Slite Group. The distribution of the different species is largely substrate-dependent, withLeptaena rhomboidalis andLepidoleptaena poulseni adapted to high-energy environments with firm substrates, whereas the remaining species preferred fine-grained substrates in low-energy environments.      

Light and scanning electron microscopy of the embryos and glochidia larvae of the Australian freshwater bivalve Hyridella depressa (Hyriidae)

Summary

As is characteristic of freshwater Unionacea, the Australian species Hyridella depressa incubates its young within the demibranchs of its modified gills. The development of H. depressa was documented through light and scanning electron microscopic examination of the marsupial pouch in the inner demibranchs of brooding females. Transition from the gastrula to the glochidial stage was accompanied by a split in the larval integument. The glochidia of H. depressa have subtriangular shell valves each having a blunt tooth at the ventral margin. Each glochidium has a pair of hooks, one on each valve internal to the tooth. These hooks are used to attach to its fish host and are structured to interlock when the valves snap shut. One or two tufts of sensory hairs are located on the internal surface of the mantle dorsal to the hook, while a single tuft, encircled by a collar-like structure, is located centrally. The valves are pitted by pores and have concentric lines along the margins. Due to the similarity and phenotypic plasticity of adult Hyridella species, the morphology of their glochidia has potential for use as a taxonomic tool. In comparison to related species, the glochidia of H. depressa are medium-sized with a mean length of 243 μm and a mean height of 249 μm. The number of glochidia present in the gills was measured to determine the reproductive output of H. depressa. The embryos of an unknown mite, Unionicola sp., form cysts within the gill tissue of H. depressa and the adult mites were observed on the surface of the gills.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Treichelia dodii</Emphasis> (Campanulaceae s.s.), a new name in an endemic genus from Western Cape,South Africa

Examination of herbarium specimens and field studies showed that an unnamed taxon collected from Malmesbury, Western Cape for phylogenetic studies in the Campanulaceae, is a distinct species within the monotypic genus Treichelia. This species previously described as Wahlenbergia depressa Wolley-Dod is resurrected as Treichelia dodii to replace a later homonym. The differences between Treichelia longibracteata (H. Buek) Vatke and W. depressa are explained. A key to the species and a distribution map are provided.     

PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF IBERUS GUALTIERANUS AND I. ALONENSIS (GASTROPODA: HELICIDAE) BASED ON PARTIAL MITOCHONDRIAL 16S rRNA AND COI GENE SEQUENCES

There is controversy about the phylogenetic relationships betweenIberus gualtieranus and I. alonensis. Some authors considerthem as valid species or subspecies while others believe thatthe flattened shell of I. gualtieranus is an ecotypic adaptationto dry karstic environments. Two fragments of the mitochondrialDNA (partial COI and 16S rRNA) were sequenced and used in maximumparsimony, maximum likelihood and neighbour-joining analyses.Iberus alonensis show two distinct lineages, one from Almeríaand the other one from Granada and Jaén-Córdobaregions. Iberus gualtieranus populations are recovered as aterminal node within the I. alonensis group from Almería.The I. gualtieranus clade shows a polytomy and there are nodifferences between the populations of the three isolated localitieswhere I. gualtieranus is currently distributed. This indicatesthat the geographical isolation of these populations has notresulted in genetic diversification. The results indicate thatthe population of I. gualtieranus from Sierra de Gádorin Almería is the only autochthonous one, while the othertwo populations originated by historical introductions. On thebasis of the differences in shell morphology, together withthe presence of a hybrid zone connecting both taxa in nature,and the possibility of obtaining fertile hybrids under laboratoryconditions, we conclude that these two taxa represent two subspecies:Iberus gualtieranus gualtieranus and I. gualtieranus alonensis. (Received 27 September 2004; accepted 10 March 2005)     

REVISION OF THE GENUS ACAVUS FROM SRI LANKA (GASTROPODA: ACAVIDAE)

The genus Acavus from Sri Lanka includes three species, Acavushaemastoma (Linnaeus), Acavus superbus (L. Pfeiffer) and Acavusphoenix (L. Pfeiffer) with two subspecies, Acavus phoenix phoenix(L. Pfeiffer) and Acavus phoenix castaneus new subspecies.The conchological and anatomical differences between these species,as well as their intraspecific variation are described. Theirdistribution is shown on maps and all locality records are listed.The presence of extensive intraspecific polymorphism, the developmentof geographical subspecies and the presumable hybridizationbetween some species show that the Acavus species are not isolatedrelict species, but that speciation is in progress and thatthe radiation of the Acavus species is probably much youngerthan the radiation of the acavid genera. The three Acavus speciesare not acutely endangered at present. In contrast to manyother land snails, there is no risk of a rapid decline of theAcavus species due to deforestation, because these species alsooccur in synanthropic habitats. (Received 22 December 1998; accepted 2 October 1999)     

Divergence of mate recognition in the African striped mouse (Rhabdomys)

Mate recognition systems (MRSs) are complex signal-receivertraits. The present study addressed the roles of phylogeny,ecology, and geography in shaping the MRS of the African stripedmouse (Rhabdomys), which has a wide distribution in southernAfrica. Two putative species are recognized, which have differentecologies: Rhabdomys pumilio (arid) and Rhabdomys dilectus (mesic).The latter may be further subdivided into 2 subspecies (R. dilectusdilectus and R. dilectus chakae). Using 2 discrete populationsper taxon, we investigated within- and between-taxon variationsin male odor quality and female perception using habituation-discriminationand habituation-generalization tests, and female preferencein 2-way choice tests. Our results indicate: 1) no within-taxonvariation in odor quality, perception, or preference; 2) the2 subspecies of R. dilectus carry signals of different qualitiesbut share a common odor characteristic distinct from that ofR. pumilio; 3) female R. pumilio did not show a preference whentheir own species and R. d. chakae odors were presented simultaneouslybut displayed assortative preference when the alternative wasR. d. dilectus; 4) females of the 2 subspecies showed dissimilarpreferences: R. d. chakae for the genetically more similar taxonand R. d. dilectus for the most different one. Although we couldnot rule out the influence of ecology, we concluded that phylogenyappeared a more parsimonious explanation for the pattern ofdivergence in Rhabdomys. Further, we discuss our results inlight of current models on signal-receiver coevolution.     

Zur Kenntnis der Kleinen Kiefern-Buschhornblattwespe,Diprion (Microdiprion) pallipes (Fall.) (Hym., Diprionidae)

Contributions to the knowledge of Diprion (Microdiprion) pallipes (Fall.) (Hym., Diprionidae). 1. Systematics, distribution and morphology Studies were made on D. pallipes var. politum injurious to young pine stands near Munich as well in laboratory as in high-fens and pine cultures. The Tenthredinid is native within the Alps and their foreland and had migrated northward along the river Isar in last decades. Part 1 deals with problems of systematics, distribution and morphology. D. pallipes (Fall.) is to be found in two European areas: a nominate race (D. pallipes pallipes) in northern Europe and a southern race (D. pallipes politum) in the alpine region. The original food plant of the alpine race is Pinus mugo Turra. The most important morphological characteristics of the developmental stages of the subspecies are described.     

Revision of the Genus Goodallia (Bivalvia: Astartidae) with the Description of Two New Species

A revision of the Recent species of the genus Goodallia (Astartidae)is presented. Adult shell and prodissoconch morphology of allthe species are described and figured. In total, five speciesare recognized: G. triangularis (Montagu, 1803), G. pusilla(Forbes, 1844), G. macandrewi (Smith, 1881), G. micalii new species,and G. gofasi new species. G. triangularis and G. pusilla are widespreaddistributed in the Atlantic coasts of Europe and North Africa,and in the Mediterranean. G. macandrewi is restricted to thetype locality in the Canary Islands, while what has been calledG. macandrewi from the Mediterranean corresponds to an undescribedspecies here named G. micalii, distributed in the Central andEastern Mediterranean. A second undescribed species from offthe Atlantic Moroccan coast is named G. gofasi, and is knownonly from the type material of station B33 of the expedition CINECA CHARCOT III. The named forms, variability and distributionof G. triangularis are discussed. (Received 30 January 1998; accepted 27 August 1998)