中国斑蚜科物种多样性及地理分布格局

从分类群的多样性、寄主植物多样性和地理分布多样性3个方面系统研究了中国斑蚜科蚜虫的物种多样性。分类群的多样性从亚科、属和种3个不同阶元进行了描述。寄主植物的多样性体现在：不同蚜虫类群寄主植物的丰富度,其中角斑蚜亚科的寄主最为丰富,包括14个科的植物;同类寄主植物上取食蚜虫的多样性,其中桦木科植物上有15个属的蚜虫取食。在地理分布上,斑蚜科在中国主要分布在古北界的4个区和东洋界的3个区,以古北界的成分占优势;而且华北区种类最为丰富,其次为东北区、华中区、华南区和蒙新区。属的分布类型可分为12种,分别为中国特有分布型、东亚特有分布型、古北界特有分布型、东洋界特有分布型、全北界分布型、全北界和澳洲界共有分布型、古北界和东洋界共有分布型、全北界和东洋界共有分布型、全北界和非洲界共有分布型、古北界、东洋界和非洲界共有分布型、东洋界和澳洲界共有分布型及东洋界、非洲界和澳洲界共有分布型,其中以东亚特有分布型为最丰富,有10个属;其次为全北界分布型,有7个属,同时中国的特有成分也相当高,涉及6个属。纵观整个中国斑蚜科属级阶元的分布类型,中国的斑蚜科以全北界成分为主,其次为东洋界成分。斑蚜科在中国的地理分布,由东向西,种类越来越贫乏,特别是青藏高原,种类很少;从南北向来看,以华北区为中心,向两边扩散,东北区、华南区和华中区种类都有所减少。     

甘肃省蚜虫类物种多样性研究

在已有标本采集记录和资料的基础上,从分类阶元、寄主植物、寄生部位、动物地理区系的角度探讨了甘肃省蚜虫类的物种多样性。结果表明甘肃省蚜虫种类丰富,已知9科90属220种;分布在华北区、蒙新区、青藏区、华中区和西南区,其中华北区、蒙新区和青藏区的种类最为丰富,因此甘肃省蚜虫区系以古北界成分为主;寄主植物种类繁多,已知有46科111属;寄生部位多样化,以叶片和茎为主要为害部位。另外就甘肃省所处地理位置的特殊性,初步讨论了在不同地理区划交界处物种生物多样性所受的影响。     

中国吸虱昆虫区系及物种多样性研究

吸虱是寄生于真兽类哺乳动物体表的专性吸血寄生虫,广布于世界各地.我国已知吸虱11科22属96种.分别占世界已知科、属、种的64.71%、45.83%、17.14%.从分类阶元、特有物种、动物地理区划和宿主动物4个方面分析了我国吸虱的物种多样性.中国特有种吸虱27种.中国横跨古北和东洋两界,吸虱分布以东洋界和占北界共有属级分布型最丰富,有13属29种;其次为东洋界特有分布型,有6属41种,种类丰富;古北界特有分布型仅2属,但种类丰富,有24种.吸虱在7个地理区分布,以华中区、华南区、西南区3个地理区的吸虱物种多样性较高,其它4个区的物种多样性较低.我国吸虱物种多样性较为丰富,吸虱的物种分布受宿主动物地域分布的影响较大.吸虱的宿主动物种类丰富,但宿主动物体表吸虱的物种多样性低,一科(属)阶元的吸虱其宿主多为相对应的一科(亚科)动物阶元,反映了吸虱宿主特异性较高的事实,是吸虱与其宿主协同进化的生态学表现.     

蚜虫寄主植物与取食部位的多样性

在中国科学院动物研究所已有标本采集记录和国内外文献资料的基础上,分别从蚜虫类Aphidina科级和属级阶元系统研究世界范围内蚜虫寄主植物与取食部位的多样性.蚜虫的寄主植物种类繁多,涉及267科2120属,尤其以菊科、禾本科、豆科、伞形科、唇形科、蔷薇科、茜草科、兰科、壳斗科、杨柳科、胡桃科等植物为主.13科蚜虫的寄主植物差别很大:在科级水平,球蚜科Adelgidae、纩蚜科Mindaridae和平翅绵蚜科Phloeomyzidae的寄主植物类群比较单一,蚜科Aphididae和瘿绵蚜科Pemphigidae的寄主植物范围最为广泛;在属级水平,各属蚜虫间寄主植物也有明显差异,有143属蚜虫的寄主植物多于2科,其中蚜科的属占多数,蚜属Aphis、瘤蚜属Myzus、长管蚜属Macrosiphum、粗额蚜属Aulacorthum和声蚜属Toxoptera的寄主植物最多,各超过100科290属.在不同的寄主植物上寄生着不同种类的蚜虫,其中16科47属寄主植物上寄生的蚜虫多于14属.蚜虫在寄主植物上的取食部位丰富多样,可分为7类,分别为叶片、嫩梢、嫩枝、茎、花、根部、果实等.以叶片、茎、嫩枝和嫩梢为蚜虫主要取食部位.平翅绵蚜科主要取食嫩枝、茎和根部,短痣蚜科Anoeciidae主要取食叶片、嫩梢和根部,球蚜科、群蚜科Thelaxidae和毛管蚜科Greenideidae取食叶片、嫩梢、嫩枝和茎等部位,纩蚜科取食叶片、嫩梢、茎和花等部位,大蚜科Lachnidae和斑蚜科Drepanosiphidae除取食叶片、嫩梢、嫩枝、茎等部位外,前者还在根部取食,后者还寄生在果实上,根瘤蚜科Phylloxeridae在除花以外的其它6个部位取食,蚜科、瘿绵蚜科和毛蚜科Chaitophoridae的取食部位最为多样,它们在上述7个部位均可取食.还初步讨论了在不同寄主植物上蚜虫物种的分化,以及蚜虫与寄主植物之间的对应关系.     

云南天池自然保护区兽类资源调查

2009～2011年利用夹日法、样线法和访问记名对云南天池自然保护区进行了3次野外调查,共安置鼠笼(鼠夹)3006夹日、502桶日,采集小型兽类标本313号。结合文献材料确认该保护区现有兽类89种,隶属9目27科65属。其中17种为古北界与东洋界共有物种,72种为东洋界物种,东洋界物种中有21种在动物地理区划上隶属于东洋界西南区;中国特有种13种,占该地区兽类的14.6%;国家Ⅰ级重点保护动物4种,Ⅱ级重点保护动物15种。针对天池国家级自然保护区丰富的兽类资源,提出了保护和管理对策。     

湖北地区蝇科物种多样性及地理分布

研究湖北地区蝇科已知种类及区系组成资料,并与邻近的江西、湖南和河南3地区蝇科区系进行比较,分析湖北地区蝇科物种多样性及地理分布。湖北地区已知蝇科物种150种,其中东洋界为主的种类69种,占46.0%;古北界为主的种类57种,占38.0%;广布两界的种类24种,占16.0%。结论认为,湖北地区蝇科区系应划归东洋界。     

福建省蚜虫类昆虫多样性研究

在已有标本采集记录和资料的基础上,从分类阶元、寄主植物、寄生方式和寄生部位等角度探讨了福建省蚜虫类昆虫的物种多样性.福建省蚜虫已知9科80属164种,东洋区种类占明显优势;寄主植物种类繁多,涉及60科158属;寄生方式为3种,不形成虫瘿、形成虫瘿和形成伪虫瘿;寄生部位多样化,以叶片、茎、嫩尖、嫩枝为主要寄生部位.福建省植物物种多样性特点决定了福建省蚜虫类物种多样性特点,很好的反映了蚜虫和其寄主植物的密切关系.     

新疆蚜虫的物种多样性研究

从分类阶元、寄主植物和寄生部位等角度系统研究了新疆蚜虫类昆虫的物种多样性,共发现蚜虫5科57属183种,寄主植物55科192属.无论在属级水平还是在种级水平,蚜科均有绝对优势,分别占新疆所有属数和种数的64.90%和65.60%.结果表明,新疆蚜虫的地理分布具有明显的纬度和经度梯度性,这与天山山脉在新疆的地理位置和走向是紧密相关的.另外,受植被分布和人类活动的影响,新疆蚜虫还具有明显的岛屿状分布特征.     

北洛河流域食蚜蝇科区系分析

依据世界动物地理区划及中国动物地理区划,对北洛河流域的食蚜蝇科昆虫进行区系分析。北洛河流域在动物地理区划上隶属于古北界的华北亚区,该区分布有食蚜蝇科昆虫52种,隶属于2亚科11族29属,其中包括2个中国新纪录种和7个陕西新纪录种。其区系组成特点是：古北界有17种,占总数的32.70%,古北界和东洋界共有种有35种,占总数的67.31%。     

青藏高原丽蝇科昆虫物种多样性初探

本文从种数、特有物种和区系构成等角度分析了青藏高原丽蝇科昆虫的物种多样性。青藏高原已知丽蝇5亚科35属120种,占中国已知种数的44.28%,其中特有种55种,占该地区总种数的45.83%;区系构成以特有种、古北界 东洋界共同种及典型的东洋界种和古北界种为主,但澳洲界、新北界、非洲界和新热带界共同种也占一定比例。文中讨论了该地区特有种丰富的原因及地质历史环境对其的影响,分析了区系构成中各种区系成分的比例及形成原因。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.