泥盆纪三叶虫Cordania在中国的发现及其动物地理学意义

柯达虫属(Cordania Clarke,1892)是短额虫科(Brachymetopidae Prantl et Pribyl,1951)所辖的一个奇异的三叶虫属,以往只出现于北美阿巴拉契亚地区的俄克拉何马和加斯佩半岛之间和苏联哈萨克。该属建立后,惠廷顿(Whittington,1960)和坎贝尔(campbell,1977)又进行过详细的研究和补充,坎贝尔还以它为基础在短额虫科下建立了柯达虫亚科(Cordaninae)。Cordania属的主要特征是:头鞍强凸,向前尖缩;头鞍基底叶与头鞍完全分离;第二对头鞍沟微弱;鞍前区宽;前边缘宽而凸起;在鞍前区之后有一条平行于前边缘沟之附加沟;前边缘沟较深阔;眼叶小,眼区凸;面线     

早期原附栉虫类三叶虫在唐山地区的发现及其一些属种的修订*

本文对产于云南曲靖龙王庙剖面和贵州丹寨南皋三湾及曾经报道过的湄潭等地剖面中含有早期原附栉虫类三叶虫的一些模式标本和属种原产地的地模标本进行了重新采集和厘定研究,并首次研究报道了来自华北地台区河北唐山馒头组中的早期原附栉虫类三叶虫。通过对个体发育中异速发育特征进行的简要分析,提出了用鞍前区与头鞍长度的相对比例大小和肋沟和间肋沟向尾边缘延伸的情况来区分Kuetsingocephalus和Danzhaiaspis两属,总结了二者的系统分类与鉴别特征,确认这两个属的可靠分类地位和生物地理古分布,并再次证实了Kuetsingocephalus kuetsingensis这个以往被认为只产在扬子浅水地台区的分子也能扩散到深水斜坡相区。根据华北的新材料建立了原附栉虫类1新属和3新种:Qizuoshania tangshanensis gen.et sp.nov.,Danzhaiaspis intermedius sp.nov.,Kuetsingocephalus fengrunensis sp.nov.,显示以往仅在扬子地台区的Danzhaiaspis,Kuetsingocephalus也见于华北地...     

特马豆克期三叶虫Dichelepyge lata Peng的个体发育

记述了产于湘西泸溪特马豆克期锅塘组的刺尾虫类三叶虫Ｄｉｃｈｅｌｅｐｙｇｅｌａｔａ的个体发育过程。其最显著的变化有头鞍形状和比例的改变，头鞍沟、颈沟与背沟的分离．鞍前箍（ｐａｒａｆｒｏｎｔａｌｂａｎｄ）的出现与消失．胸部肋区和轴部比例宽度的改变，尾部的形状和比例的变更，尾边缘的出现和肋沟深度的增加，以及后侧刺的位置逐渐前移。组成成虫期个体的前８个体节（６个胸节和前２个尾节）极有可能在分节０期（ｍｅａｓｐｉｄＤｅｇｒｅｅ０）便已形成。从分节３期（ｍｅｒａｓｐｉｄＤｅｇｒｅｅ３）起在带后侧刺的体节与轴后区（ｐｏｓｔａｘｉａｌｆｉｅｌｄ）之间又发育出一个新的体节。过渡期尾部（ｔｒａｎｓｉｔｏｒｙｐｙｇｉｄｉｕｍ）在分节０期或分节１期发育出后侧刺．在分节４期又同时长出３对侧刺，其中最后一对侧刺与后侧刺一道形成成年期尾部的尾刺。     

中国蹦蝗属一新种(直翅目,蝗总科,斑腿蝗科)

记述了采自我国湖南的斑腿蝗科Catantopidae蹦蝗属Sinopodisma Chang 1新种:小尾片蹦蝗S. microfurculasp. nov..新种模式标本保存于河北大学博物馆.新种近似于贵州蹦蝗S. guizhouensis Zheng及卡氏蹦蝗S. kellogii(Chang).与前者的主要区别为:(1)体较大,♂18.3～23.9 mm;♀28～31 mm;(2)雄性触角中段一节的长为宽的2.6～3.1倍;(3)雄性前胸背板的沟前区长为沟后区长的1.96～2.27倍;(4)雄性尾须顶近圆形;(5)阳具基背片桥拱浅,桥面略凹,前突内倾.与后者的主要区别为:(1)雄性触角中段一节的长为宽的2.6～3.1倍;(2)雄性腹部第1节背板不具刻点;(3)雄性腹部末端尾片微露;(4)雄性尾须顶侧扁、近圆形;(5)阳具基背片桥拱浅,桥面略凹,前突较短.     

广西镜眼虫的潘杰尔器官

研究Phacops kuangxiensis Chang的颊角腹边缘外模标本,对其头部腹边缘观察并描述.头前部的结合沟是尾腹边缘末端伸入的地方,为半圆形.颊角腹边缘近锯齿状沟为第2胸肋到第11胸肋末端当卷曲时在头腹边缘上的结合沟.近颊角横向的平切的坑痕为第一胸肋前缘滑入头腹边缘的结合沟.     

陕西紫阳早奥陶世Alsataspididae科三叶虫新属

Alsataspididae科三叶虫仅包括Seieneceme Clark,1924及Falanaspis Tjernvik,1956两个属的几个种,分布在加拿大纽芬兰、魁北克、美国得克萨斯及瑞典等少数地槽区的早奥陶世早期地层,是一类比较少见的地槽型三叶虫。这一科三叶虫的特征是具有长的前轴刺及颊刺,头鞍作亚圆形,具有一对纵向头鞍沟,无眼叶,颈环窄而短,胸部和尾部分节较多等。目前,在我国大巴山加里东褶皱带下奥陶统发现的该科三叶虫是新属Caputrotundum Deng et Zhao (gen.nov.)的两个新种C.bashanense Deng et Zhao(gen. et sp. nov.)及C. ziyangensis Deng et     

紫金龙属花粉形态与种子表面特征研究

对罂粟科Papaveraceae国产紫金龙属Dactylicapnos Wall. 4种植物的花粉和种子进行了光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察。该属花粉粒常为近球形,6散沟,花粉粒直径为29.2－50.8。本属植物的花粉有很多共同特征,但种之间有区别。萌发沟清晰(宽果紫金龙D. roylei (Hook. f. et Thoms.) Hutch.),或不清晰(紫金龙D. scandens (D. Don) Hut ch.和丽江紫金龙D. lichiangensis (Fedde) Hand._Mazz.)至模糊     

湘中西部小鲵属一新种--挂榜山小鲵(两栖纲:小鲵科)

在比较和研究小鲵属Hynobius物种后 ,确定湖南省祁阳县产小鲵为一新种 ,即挂榜山小鲵Hynobiusguabangshanensissp .nov .。新种与安吉小鲵H amjiensis近似 ,它们体型较大 ;有 13条肋沟 ;前后肢贴体相向时指趾重叠较多 ;掌、突明显 ,但又有明显区别 :1)新种比安吉小鲵稍小 ,全长 139 32mm± 9 5 0mm (n=9) ;2 )犁骨齿细且排列密 ,外枝 9- 11枚、内枝 2 5 - 2 7枚 ;3)尾较短 ,平均为头体长之 70 4 % (n =9) ;4 )卵袋较短 ,香蕉形弯曲等。本文列表比较近似种 ,统计并记述了新种     

昆明盾壳虫（Kunmingaspis Chang，1964）模式种的修订

文中阐述了Kunmingaspis属模式种在鉴定中出现的问题,即将难以观察辨认的性状连接关系简单地当作确切的分类依据,造成非规范化的系统描述。指出张文堂(1964)区分Kunmingaspis和Yuehsienszella两属特征显著差别之一的"眼脊内侧由头鞍的前侧角向外伸出"的论据不可靠,应改正为头鞍前叶或头鞍前外缘是否壮大或弯曲状态。Jell和Hughes(1997)延用并根据两属的模糊概念,在没有全面考察King(1941)标本头尾性状组合的情况下,将Ptychoparia sakesarensis归入Yuehsienszella szechuanensis欠妥。文中通过描述采自云南宜良县上伍营龙肇寺东山坡寒武系第二统上部至第三统下部陡坡寺组下部的新材料,分析P.sakesarensis King,1941和Yuehsienszella szechuanensis(Sun in Lu,1939)的形态差别,证明Kunmingaspis yunnanensis Chang,1964为P.sakesarensis晚出异名。故Kunmingaspis属的模式种应更名为Kunmingaspis sakesarensis。文中还简单地论述了早期褶颊虫类分类的相关问题。     

皖北地区寒武系芙蓉统三叶虫褶盾虫属Ptychaspis及其种内差异

在安徽省萧县凤凰山剖面采得若干褶盾虫属Ptychaspis标本,包括Ptychaspis ceto Walcott,1905和P.calchas Walcott,1905两个种。通过对比该属模式种及其他种,认为过去中国绝大多数的已建种都应归入这两个种中,并表现为这两个种较大的种内差异(头鞍形状、鞍沟、眼叶大小、前边缘、面线、后侧翼以及活动颊表面纹饰等),同时对这两个种的种内差异进行简要讨论。     

贵州湄潭志留纪初期三叶虫动物群及其意义*

志留纪兰多维列世(Llandovery)鲁丹期(Rhuddanian)是奥陶纪末生物大灭绝后的残存期和复苏期。志留纪初期冈瓦纳大陆边缘壳相地层稀少,多数地区为沉积间断或笔石相地层,研究底栖壳相生物残存-复苏期的宏演化普遍缺乏理想材料,而华南上扬子区贵州湄潭地区发育了志留纪早期的壳相地层,即五里坡层(鲁丹阶中部)和牛场组(鲁丹阶上部),为探索这一关键地史时期三叶虫动物群宏演化型式及其背景机制提供了依据。贵州湄潭岩坪剖面和高江剖面的五里坡层和牛场组共发现三叶虫7目11科15属(含亚属)17种(含1新种、3未定种),根据其属级分类单元的时空分布规律,将这些三叶虫识别为5种宏演化类型:即减缩幸存型、扩增幸存型、复活幸存型、新生型和死支漫步型。不同类型的属级分类单元在大灭绝中具有不同的宏演化型式,体现出其应对灾变而采取的不同的生存策略。减缩幸存型和复活幸存型是大灭绝后生态系统复苏和再次辐射的主要源泉,它们的发展在一定程度上影响着整个生态系统的宏演化进程;新生型的出现则标志着大灭绝后环境的实质性改善,三叶虫的全面复苏也随之到来。     

Late Silurian trilete spores from northern Jiangsu, China

The Late Silurian is generally considered to a particular significant key period in the study of early land vascular plants. A trilete spore assemblage of the Upper Silurian is described from northern Jiangsu, China. This assemblage comprises 11 genera and 20 species of trilete spores (including laevigate, apiculate, perinotrilite, patinate, rarely distally murornate and equatorially crassitate, and three indeterminate trilete miospores forms). It has similarities to those described from coeval assemblages from around the world (e.g., England and South Wales; Tripolitania, Libya; Cornwallis Island, Canadian Arctic; Northwest Spain). The rare cryptospore, only one specimen (Tetrahedraletes sp.) had been found to be associated with the Chinese trilete spore assemblage. The discovery of the trilete spores from Late Silurian rocks indicates the existence of early land plants, some possibly vascular, at that time in northern Jiangsu, China.     

Lower Middle Devonian,Eifelian, crinoids from central Guangxi,South China

The extensive Devonian marine deposits of South China have yielded few articulated crinoid cups or theca. Two Eifelian specimens, from the Gupa Member, are the first ones reported from the Yingtang Formation, Eifelian, from the Ma’anshan section, Guangxi, South China. The new taxon Guangxicrinus xiangzhouensis n. gen. n. sp. is the first report of a marsupiocrinid in China, extending the paleogeographic range of the family into the Paleotethys and the stratigraphic range of the family upward from the upper Silurian into the lower Middle Devonian, Eifelian. The occurrence of Halocrinites sp. is the third occurrence of a cupressocrinitid in China and extends the paleogeographic range from Yunnan to Guangxi.     

简论相似性测度的选择——以奥陶纪末大灭绝后全球腕足动物古地理为例

灭绝事件对古生物地理格局的影响已引起关注,近期研究表明奥陶纪末大灭绝事件后多样性显著高于传统认识,而全球该时期腕足动物的古生物地理分布情况尚未见报道。本文基于已发表的和最新的资料及所掌握新数据的整理,建立全球腕足动物志留纪初鲁丹(Rhuddanian)早期（残存期）13个产地72属137个出现信息(occurrence...     

浙江安吉志留纪真盔甲鱼类一新属

记述了浙江安吉地区志留纪真盔甲鱼类一新属——安吉鱼(新属)(Anjiaspis gen.nov.)。新属的主要特征是:中背孔呈纵长的滴水形,前端稍尖,距离头甲吻缘较远,后端圆钝,明显位于两眶孔前缘连线之前;眶孔较小,位置十分靠近头甲中线,并距离头甲后缘较近,眶孔前区长于眶孔后区;松果孔大致位于两眶孔中心连线上;感觉管系统大致呈格栅状分布,可见4条纵行干管及联络它们的横行管,横行管由侧横管和中横联络管组成,其数目均比较多;鳃囊6对,纹饰为均匀分布的细小粒状瘤点。在此基础上运用分支系统学的方法对其系统位置进行了探讨,结果表明,新属代表了真盔甲鱼类的最原始类型。     

A late Rhuddanian (early Llandovery,Silurian) trilobite association from South China and its implications

A recovery trilobite association after the end-Ordovician mass extinction, the ‘Encrinuroides’ Association, is documented from the lower Niuchang Formation (upper Rhuddanian, lower Llandovery, Silurian) of Gaojiang, Meitan, northern Guizhou, South China paleoplate, including 10 genera of eight families. Three subassociations of this association could be differentiated, i.e., ascendingly the ‘Encrinuroides’-Eoleonaspis Subassociation, the ‘Encrinuroides’-Aulacopleura (Paraaulacopleura) Subassociation, and the ‘Encrinuroides’-Meitanillaenus Subassociation. The succession of these subassociations in the section indicates a shallowing upward trend of the environment as a result of regional tectonic activities (i.e., the Qianzhong Uplift) against the background of the Rhuddanian global transgression. A relatively complete trilobite succession in South China across the Ordovician–Silurian transition has been summarized and its implications for the trilobite macroevolution of this particular time interval are discussed in detail.     

A review of early (Silurian and Devonian) vertebrate biogeography and biostratigraphy of China

A review of the vertebrates within the Silurian and Devonian of China suggests a more detailed picture of palaeobiogeographical distribution than previously possible. Although the localities are commonly in rocks of continental aspect, marine formations also are present nearby. Of over 60 agnathan and fish genera known, only 5 placoderms (Givetian-Famennian) are cosmopolitan. Endemic patterns of distribution within China relate to the well-known tectonic (basinal or platformal) regions. Silurian vertebrates occur in southern, eastern and western parts of the country and are familiar from horizons as low as Llandovery. Devonian vertebrates include a wide range of endemic forms, which provide evidence of more than six distinct biostratigraphic assemblages in South China and five biogeographical realms.     

华南中泥盆世艾菲尔期浅海相四射珊瑚的组合特征和古生物地理区系

虽然在华南中泥盆世艾菲尔期(Eifelian)较深水或斜坡相地层中产有许多国际标准的牙形类带化石,但在广阔的浅海相地层中却很难寻觅到其踪影。华南浅海相沉积地区是否缺失艾菲尔阶?在野外众多剖面的实地考察中表明,从下泥盆统埃姆斯阶到中泥盆统吉维特阶都是连续沉积,中间并没有发现地层的缺失或间断现象。浅海相的艾菲尔阶与其上覆的吉维特阶和下伏的埃姆斯阶都是连续沉积,说明可能是由于海水太浅,不太适合那些国际标准分子的生存而已。艾菲尔期中期末发生一次生物灭绝事件(Mid-Eifelian event),favositids,heliolitids和许多古老类型的珊瑚在地球上灭绝。华南艾菲尔期四射珊瑚可以划分成下、上两个完全不同的组合:1)Utara-tuiasinen sis-Sociop hyllum minor组合(牙形类partitus带—costatus带);2)Columnaria spinosa-Dendrostella praerhenana组合(牙形类australis带—kocklianus带)。     

Reef reconstruction after extinction events of the latest ordovician in the Yangtze platform,South China

Summary Early Silurian reef reconstruction on the Yangtze Platform, in the northern part of the South China Block, is preceded by a combination of regional and global processes. During most of Ashgill time (Late Ordovician), the area was dominated by Wufeng Formation deep water graptolitic black shales. Reefs largely disappeard in the middle of the Ashgill Stage, from the northwestern margin of Cathaysian Land (southeastern South China Block), in advance of the Late Ordovician glaciation and mass extinction, due to regional sea-level changes and regional uplift, unrelated to the mass extinction itselt. Late Ordovician microbial mudmound occurrence is also found in the western margin of the Yangtze Platform, its age corresponding to theDicellograptus complexus graptolite biozone of pre-extinction time. On the Yangtze Platform, a thin, non-reef-bearing carbonate, the Kuanyinchiao Formation (=Nancheng Formation in some sites), thickness generally no more than 1m, occurs near several landmasses as a result of Hirnantian regression. Reappearance of the earliest Silurian carbonates consisting of rare skeletal lenses in the upper part of Lungmachi Formation, are correlated to theacensus graptolite biozone, early Rhuddanian of Shiqian, northeastern Guizhou, near Qianzhong Land. Carbonate sediments gradually developed into beds rich in brachiopods and crinoids in the lower part of Xiangshuyuan Formation, middle Rhuddanian. In the middle part of Xiangshuyan Formation, biostromes, containing abundant and high diversity benthic faunas such as corals, crinoids and brachiopods, show beginnings of reconstruction of reef facies. Substantial reef recovery occurred in the upper part of Xiangshuyuan Formation, lower Aeronian, as small patch reefs and biostromes. During the late Aeronian, carbonate sediments, especially reefs and reef-related facies, expanded on the upper Yangtze Platform, and radiation of reefs occurred in Ningqiang Formation, upper Telychian. The long period of reef recovery, taking several million years, remains difficult to explain, because redistribution of any refugia faunas would be expected to take place soon after the extinction. Reefs and reef-related facies subsequently declined after Telychian time due to regional uplift of the major portion of the Yangtze Platform. Carbonate facies are therefore uncommon in South China during the rest of Silurian time.     

Late Silurian plant microfossil assemblage from Guangyuan,Sichuan, China

A dispersed plant microfossil assemblage is described from Late Silurian deposits from Guangyuan, Sichuan, China. These strata are interpreted as nearshore, shallow marine deposits, and brachiopods suggest a late Ludlow–early Pridoli age. The palynomorph assemblage is dominated by terrestrial forms, including cryptospores and trilete spores, tubular structures and cuticle-like sheets, although rare marine acritarchs are also present. This microfossil assemblage is comparable to coeval assemblages from around the world (South and Southwest Wales; Libya; Canada; Southeastern Turkey; Northwest Spain; and Jiangsu, China). The sporomorphs from this assemblage indicate the existence of early land plants during the late Ludlow–early Pridoli in Guangyuan, Sichuan, China; and suggests that floras of this age were cosmopolitan and exhibited little palaeogeographical differentiation.